Metabolism/ja: Difference between revisions

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{{further/ja|Gluconeogenesis/ja|Glyoxylate cycle/ja|Glycogenesis/ja|Glycosylation/ja}}

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~~In carbohydrate anabolism, simple organic acids can be converted into [[monosaccharide]]s such as~~ [[glucose]] ~~and then used to assemble~~ [[~~polysaccharide~~]]~~s such as~~ [[starch]]~~. The generation of~~ [[~~glucose~~]] ~~from compounds like~~ [[pyruvate]], [[lactic acid|~~lactate~~]], [[glycerol]], [[glycerate 3-phosphate]] ~~and~~ [[amino acid]]~~s is called~~ [[gluconeogenesis]]~~. Gluconeogenesis converts pyruvate to~~ [[glucose-6-phosphate]] ~~through a series of intermediates, many of which are shared with~~ [[glycolysis]]~~. However, this pathway is not simply~~ [[glycolysis]] run in reverse, as several steps are catalyzed by non-glycolytic enzymes. This is important as it allows the formation and breakdown of glucose to be regulated separately, and prevents both pathways from running simultaneously in a [[futile cycle]].

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 {{further/ja|Gluconeogenesis/ja|Glyoxylate cycle/ja|Glycogenesis/ja|Glycosylation/ja}}
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+炭水化物の同化において、単純な有機酸は[[glucose/ja|グルコース]]のような[[monosaccharide/ja|単糖]]に変換され、次に[[starch/ja|デンプン]]のような[[polysaccharide/ja|多糖]]を組み立てるのに使われる。[[pyruvate/ja|ピルビン酸]]、[[lactic acid/ja|乳酸]]、[[glycerol/ja|グリセロール]]、[[glycerate 3-phosphate/ja|グリセリン酸3-リン酸]]、[[amino acid/ja|アミノ酸]]などの化合物から[[glucose/ja|グルコース]]を生成することを[[gluconeogenesis/ja|糖新生]]という。糖新生は一連の中間体を介してピルビン酸を[[glucose-6-phosphate/ja|グルコース-6-リン酸]]に変換するが、その多くは[[glycolysis/ja|解糖]]と共通している。しかしながら、この経路は単に[[glycolysis/aj|解糖]]を逆に実行したものではなく、いくつかのステップが非解糖系酵素によって触媒されている。このことは、グルコースの生成と分解を別々に制御することを可能にし、両方の経路が同時に[[futile cycle/ja|無駄なサイクル]]で走ることを防ぐという意味で重要である。
-In carbohydrate anabolism, simple organic acids can be converted into [[monosaccharide]]s such as [[glucose]] and then used to assemble [[polysaccharide]]s such as [[starch]]. The generation of [[glucose]] from compounds like [[pyruvate]], [[lactic acid|lactate]], [[glycerol]], [[glycerate 3-phosphate]] and [[amino acid]]s is called [[gluconeogenesis]]. Gluconeogenesis converts pyruvate to [[glucose-6-phosphate]] through a series of intermediates, many of which are shared with [[glycolysis]]. However, this pathway is not simply [[glycolysis]] run in reverse, as several steps are catalyzed by non-glycolytic enzymes. This is important as it allows the formation and breakdown of glucose to be regulated separately, and prevents both pathways from running simultaneously in a [[futile cycle]].
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