Burmese cuisine/ja: Difference between revisions

ミャンマーで最も一般的な主食は、''タミン''（{{lang|my|ထမင်း}}）と呼ばれる蒸しご飯である。ビルマの米の品種は、ジャスミン米やバスマティ米よりも一般的に粘り気が強い。''[[paw hsan hmwe/ja|ポーサン・ムエ]]''（{{lang|my|ပေါ်ဆန်းမွှေး}}）などの香りの良い芳香性の高い白米が人気である。''カウッ・フニン''（{{lang|my|ကောက်ညှင်း}}）と呼ばれる低アミロース品種の[[glutinous rice/ja|もち米]]もビルマ料理に登場し、''ンガチェイッ''（ငချိပ်）と呼ばれる紫色の品種もある。北部の高地（例：[[:en:Shan State|シャン州]]）の消費者は、{{transliteration|my|kauk hnyin}}や''カウッ・セイ''のような粘り気の強い低[[amylose/ja|アミロース]]品種を好み、一方、下流のデルタ地域の消費者は、{{transliteration|my|カウッ・チャウ}}や{{transliteration|my|kauk kyan}}のような高アミロース品種を好む。低アミロース品種の米は、''[[mont (food)/ja|モン]]''と呼ばれる伝統的なビルマの軽食によく使われる。米は伝統的に何も味付けせずに食べられるが、[[Pe htaw bhut htamin/ja|バターライス]]や[[coconut rice/ja|ココナッツライス]]のような味付けされたものは、一般的なお祝いの定番料理である。

[[File:Burmese Oiled Glutinous Rice.jpg|thumb|''[[Hsi htamin]]'', glutinous rice seasoned with oil and turmeric, is a popular breakfast food.]]

* ''[[Burmese fried rice|Htamin gyaw]]'' ({{lang|my|ထမင်းကြော်}} {{IPA|my|tʰəmɪ́ɴ dʒɔ̀|}}) – fried rice with boiled peas, sometimes with meat, sausage, and eggs.

* ''[[Rice congee|San byok]]'' ({{lang|my|ဆန်ပြုတ်}} {{IPA|my|sʰàɴbjoʊʔ|}}) – rice congee with fish, chicken or duck often fed to invalids.

* ''[[Biryani|Danbauk]]'' ({{lang|my|ဒံပေါက်}} {{IPA|my|dàɴbaʊʔ|}}, from Persian ''[[dum pukht]]'') – Burmese-style [[biryani]] with either chicken or mutton served with mango pickle, a fresh salad of sliced onions, julienned cabbage, sliced cucumbers, fermented limes and lemons, fried dried chilies, and soup

*''[[Htamin jin]]'' ({{lang|my|ထမင်းချဉ်}}‌ {{IPA|my|tʰəmíɴ dʒɪ̀ɴ|}}) – a rice, tomato and potato or fish salad kneaded into round balls dressed and garnished with crisp fried onion in oil, tamarind sauce, coriander and spring onions often with garlic, [[Chinese chives|Chinese chive roots]], fried whole dried chili, grilled dried fermented bean cakes ({{transliteration|my|pé bok}}) and fried dried tofu ({{transliteration|my|tohu gyauk kyaw}}) on the side

*[[Thingyan rice]] ({{lang|my|သင်္ကြန်ထမင်း}} {{IPA|my|ðədʒàɴ tʰəmɪ́ɴ|}}) – fully boiled rice in candle-smelt water served with pickled [[Bouea macrophylla|marian plums]]

=== Noodles ===

[[File:Rice Noodles Drying - Hsipaw - Myanmar (Burma) (12224458643).jpg|thumb|Rice noodles sun-drying in [[Hsipaw]].]]

Burmese cuisine uses a wide variety of noodles, which are prepared in soups, salads, or other dry noodle dishes and typically eaten outside of lunch, or as a snack. Fresh, thin rice noodles called ''mont bat'' ({{lang|my|မုန့်ဖတ်}}) or ''mont di'' ({{lang|my|မုန့်တီ}}), are similar to Thai ''[[khanom chin]]'', and feature in Myanmar's national dish, [[mohinga]]. Burmese cuisine also has a category of [[rice noodles]] of varying sizes and shapes called ''nan'', including ''nangyi'' ({{lang|my|နန်းကြီး}}), thick udon-like noodles; ''nanlat'' ({{lang|my|နန်းလတ်}}), medium-sized rice noodles; ''nanthe'' ({{lang|my|နန်းသေး}}), thinner rice noodles; and ''nanbya'' ({{lang|my|နန်းပြား}}), flat rice noodles. [[Cellophane noodles]], called ''kyazan'' ({{lang|my|ကြာဆံ}}, {{Lit|lotus thread}}) and wheat-based noodles called ''khauk swe'' ({{lang|my|ခေါက်ဆွဲ}}), are often used in salads, soups, and stir-fries.

[[File:IMG Shanhkaukswè.JPG|thumb|''Shan khao swè'' and ''tohpu jaw'', with ''monnyin gyin'' on the side]]

Dry or fried noodle dishes include:

* ''[[Baik kut kyee kaik|Kat kyi kaik]]'' ({{lang|my|ကတ်ကြေးကိုက်}} {{IPA|my|kaʔtɕígaɪʔ|}}, {{lit|bitten with scissors}}) – a southern coastal dish (from the [[Dawei]] area) of flat rice noodles with a variety of seafood, land meats, raw bean sprouts, beans and fried eggs, comparable to [[Pad Thai|pad thai]]

*''[[Meeshay]]'' ({{lang|my|မြီးရှည်}} {{IPA|my|mjíʃè|}}) – rice noodles with pork or chicken, bean sprouts, rice flour gel, rice flour fritters, dressed with [[soy sauce]], salted [[soybean]], rice vinegar, fried peanut oil, chilli oil, and garnished with crisp fried onions, crushed garlic, coriander, and pickled white [[radish]]/[[mustard greens]]

*''[[Mont di]]'' – an extremely popular and economical fast-food dish where rice vermicelli are either eaten with some condiments and soup prepared from ngapi, or as a salad with powdered fish and some condiments.

* ''Panthay khao swè'' ({{lang|my|ပန်းသေးခေါက်ဆွဲ}} {{IPA|my|páɴðé kʰaʊʔ sʰwɛ́|}}) – [[halal]] egg noodles with a spiced chicken curry. The dish is associated with [[Panthay|Panthay community]], a group of Burmese [[Islam in China|Chinese Muslims]].

* ''[[Sigyet khauk swè]]'' ({{lang|my|ဆီချက်ခေါက်ဆွဲ}} {{IPA|my|sʰìdʑɛʔ kʰaʊʔ sʰwɛ́|}}) – wheat noodles with duck or pork, fried garlic oil, [[soy sauce]] and chopped spring onions. The dish originated from with the Sino-Burmese community

[[File:Meeshei.JPG|thumb|Mandalay ''[[meeshay]]'', served with a thin ''hingyo'' broth.]]

[[Noodle soup]]s include:

*''[[Mohinga]]'' ({{lang|my|မုန့်ဟင်းခါး}} {{IPA|my|mo̰ʊɴhíɰ̃ɡá|}}) – the unofficial national dish, made with fresh thin rice noodles in a fish broth with onions, garlic, ginger, [[lemon grass]] and tender banana stem cores, served with boiled eggs, fried [[fishcake]] and [[Burmese fritters]]

*''[[On no khauk swe|Ohn-no khauk swè]]'' ({{lang|my|အုန်းနို့ခေါက်ဆွဲ}} {{IPA|my|ʔóʊɴno̰ kʰaʊʔsʰwɛ́|}}) – curried chicken and wheat noodles in a coconut milk broth. It is comparable to [[Malaysia]]n ''[[laksa]]'' and [[Northern Thailand|Northern Thai]] ''[[khao soi]]''

*''[[Kyay oh]]'' ({{lang|my|ကြေးအိုး}} {{IPA|my|tʃé ʔó|}}) – rice noodles in a broth of pork offal and egg, traditionally served in copper pot

* ''[[Lor mee|Kawyei khao swè]]'' ({{lang|my|ကော်ရည်ခေါက်ဆွဲ}} {{IPA|my|kɔ̀ jè kʰaʊʔ sʰwɛ́|}}) – noodles and duck (or pork) curried with [[five-spice powder]] in broth with eggs, comparable to Singaporean/Malaysian ''[[lor mee]]''

*''[[Misua|Mi swan]]'' ({{lang|my|မြူစွမ်}} {{IPA|my|mjù swàɴ|}}) – thin wheat noodles, known as ''misua'' in Singapore and Malaysia. It is a popular option for invalids, usually with chicken broth.

* ''[[Shan khauk swè|Shan khauk swé]]'' ({{lang|my|ရှမ်းခေါက်ဆွဲ}} {{IPA|my|ʃáɴ kʰaʊʔsʰwɛ́|}}) – rice noodles with chicken or minced pork, onions, garlic, tomatoes, chili, crushed roasted peanuts, young [[Snow pea|snowpea]] vine, served with tofu fritters, and pickled mustard greens

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=== Salads ===

{{Main|Burmese salads|}}

[[File:Samosa salad.jpg|thumb|Samosa salad in Mandalay]]

Burmese salads ({{lang|my|အသုပ်}}; transliterated ''athoke'' or ''athouk'') are a diverse category of indigenous [[salad]]s in Burmese cuisine. Burmese salads are made of cooked and raw ingredients that are mixed by hand to combine and balance a wide-ranging array of flavors and textures. Burmese salads are eaten as standalone snacks, as [[side dish]]es paired with [[Burmese curry|Burmese curries]], and as entrees.[[File:Thayet chin thouk.JPG|thumb|''Thayet chin thoke'' – fermented green mango salad with onions, green chilli, roasted peanuts, sesame and peanut oil]]

* ''[[Lahpet]] thoke'' ({{lang|my|လက်ဖက်သုပ်}} {{IPA|my|ləpʰɛʔ ðoʊʔ|}}) – a salad of pickled tea leaves with fried peas, peanuts and garlic, toasted sesame, fresh garlic, tomato, green chili, crushed dried shrimps, preserved ginger and dressed with peanut oil, fish sauce and lime

*''Gyin thoke'' ({{lang|my|ချင်းသုပ်}}‌ {{IPA|my|dʒɪ́ɰ̃ ðoʊʔ|}}) – a salad of pickled ginger with sesame seeds

* ''[[Khauk swè thoke]]'' ({{lang|my|ခေါက်ဆွဲသုပ်}} {{IPA|my|kʰaʊʔsʰwɛ́ ðoʊʔ|}}) – wheat noodle salad with dried shrimps, shredded cabbage and carrots, dressed with fried peanut oil, [[fish sauce]] and lime

*''Let thoke son'' ({{lang|my|လက်သုပ်စုံ}} {{IPA|my|lɛʔ θoʊʔzòʊɴ|}}) – similar to ''htamin thoke'' with shredded green [[papaya]], shredded carrot, [[ogonori]] sea moss and often wheat noodles

*''[[Nan gyi thohk|Nan gyi thoke]]'' ({{lang|my|နန်းကြီးသုပ်}} {{IPA|my|náɰ̃dʒí ðoʊʔ|}}) or Mandalay ''mont di'', thick rice noodle salad with chickpea flour, chicken, fish cake, onions, coriander, spring onions, crushed dried chilli, dressed with fried crispy onion oil, fish sauce and lime

*''Samusa thoke'' ({{lang|my|စမူဆာသုပ်}} {{IPA|my|səmùsʰà ðoʊʔ|}}) – samosa salad with onions, cabbage, fresh mint, potato curry, masala, chili powder, salt and lime

* ''Kya zan thoke'' – glass vermicelli salad with boiled prawn julienne and mashed curried duck eggs and potatoes

=== Curries ===

{{Main|Burmese curry|}}

[[File:Danu traditional meal.jpg|thumb|A traditional [[Danu people|Danu]]-style meal featuring a curry broth, rice disks, and a requisite plate of blanched vegetables and dip.]]

Burmese curry refers to a diverse array of dishes in Burmese cuisine that consist of protein or vegetables simmered or stewed in an base of aromatics. Burmese curries generally differ from other Southeast Asian [[Curry|curries]] (e.g., [[Thai curry]]) in that Burmese curries make use of dried [[spice]]s, in addition to fresh herbs and aromatics, and are often milder.The most common variety of curry is called ''sibyan'' ({{lang|my|ဆီပြန်}}; {{Literal translation|oil returns}}), which is typified by a layer of oil that separates from the gravy and meat after cooked. Pork, chicken, goat, shrimp, and fish are commonly prepared in Burmese curries.

* Pork ''sibyan'' ({{lang|my|ဝက်သားဆီပြန်}}) – classic Burmese curry with fatty cuts of pork

* Chicken ''sibyan'' ({{lang|my|ကြက်သားဆီပြန်}}) – the classic Burmese curry, served with a thick gravy of aromatics

* Bachelor's chicken curry ({{lang|my|ကြက်ကာလသားချက်}}) – a red and watery chicken curry cooked with [[calabash]]

* Goat ''hnat'' ({{lang|my|ဆိတ်သားနှပ်}}) – a braised goat curry spiced with ''masala'', cinnamon sticks, bay leaf, and cloves

* ''[[Nga thalaut paung]]'' ({{lang|my|ငါးသလောက်ပေါင်း}} {{IPA|my|ŋəθəlaʊʔbáʊɴ|}}) – a curry of [[Ilish|hilsa]] fish and tomatoes, which is slowly simmered to melt the fish bones

* Egg curry ({{lang|my|ဘဲဥချဥ်ရည်ဟင်း}}) – a sour curry made with hardboiled duck or chicken eggs, cooked in tamarind paste and mashed [[tomato]]es

=== Soups ===

[[File:Dunt-dalun chin-yei 1760.JPG|thumb|''Dandalun chinyay,'' a sour soup with chopped drumsticks]]

In Burmese cuisine, soups typically accompany meals featuring both rice and noodles, and are paired accordingly to balance contrasting flavors. Lightly flavored soups, called {{transliteration|my|hin gyo}} ({{lang|my|ဟင်းချို}}) are served with saltier dishes, while sour soups, called {{transliteration|my|chinyay hin}} ({{lang|my|ချဉ်ရည်ဟင်း}}), are paired with rich, fatty [[Burmese curry|Burmese curries]].

''Thizon chinyay'' ({{lang|my|သီးစုံချဉ်ရည်}} {{IPA|my|θízòʊɴ tʃìɴjè|}}, {{lit|sour soup of assorted vegetables}}), cooked with [[drumstick (vegetable)|drumstick]], [[Okra|lady's finger]], [[eggplant]], [[green bean]]s, [[potato]], [[onions]], [[ginger]], dried chilli, boiled eggs, dried salted fish, [[fish paste]] and [[tamarind]], is an elevated version of ''chinyay hin'', and served during festive occasions.

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=== Other grains and breads ===

[[File:Palatha, Myanmar.jpg|thumb|''Palata'' is commonly dusted with sugar as a dessert or teatime snack.]]

[[Indian bread]]s are commonly eaten for breakfast or teatime in Myanmar. ''[[Paratha|Palata]]'' ({{lang|my|ပလာတာ}}), also known as ''htattaya'' (ထပ်တစ်ရာ), a flaky fried flatbread related to Indian [[paratha]], is often eaten with curried meats or as dessert with sprinkled sugar, while ''[[Naan|nanbya]]'' ({{lang|my|နံပြား}}), a baked flatbread, is eaten with any Indian dishes. Other favorites include ''aloo [[poori]]'' ({{lang|my|အာလူးပူရီ}}), ''[[chapati]]'' (ချပါတီ), and ''[[appam]]'' (အာပုံ).

[[File:Cha-om omelette 1532 (2).JPG|thumb|Burmese-style omelette fried with [[Senegalia pennata|acacia leaves]]]]

Other dishes include:

* [[Burmese tofu]] ({{lang|my|ရှမ်းတို့ဟူး}} {{IPA|my|ʃáɴ tòhú|}}) – a [[tofu]] of Shan origin made from [[Gram flour|chickpea flour]], eaten as fritters, in a salad, or in porridge forms

*''A sein kyaw'' ({{lang|my|အစိမ်းကြော်}} {{IPA|my|ʔəséɪɴdʒɔ̀|}}) – cabbage, cauliflower, carrot, green beans, baby corn, corn flour or tapioca starch, tomatoes, squid sauce

*''Ngapi daung'' ({{lang|my|ငါးပိထောင်း}}) – a spicy Rakhine-style condiment made from pounded ngapi and green chili

*''Nga baung htoke'' ({{lang|my|ငါးပေါင်းထုပ်}} {{IPA|my|ŋəbáʊɴ doʊʔ|}}) – a Mon-style steamed parcel of mixed vegetables and prawns, wrapped in [[morinda]] and banana leaves

*''Wet tha chin'' ({{lang|my|ဝက်သားချဉ်}} {{IPA|my|wɛʔ θə dʑɪ̀ɴ|}}) – Shan-style preserved minced pork in rice

=== Snacks ===

{{Main|Mont (food)|Burmese fritters}}

[[File:Ponnagyun (6212423604).jpg|thumb|A street hawker in [[Ponnagyun]] selling an assortment of fritters and ''mont'' to passersby.]]

Burmese cuisine has a wide variety of traditional snacks called ''[[Mont (food)|mont]]'', ranging from sweet desserts to savory food items that are steamed, baked, fried, deep-fried, or boiled. Traditional [[Burmese fritters]], consisting of vegetables or seafood that have been battered and deep-fried, are also eaten as snacks or as toppings.

Savory snacks include:

* ''[[Wonton|Hpet htok]]'' ({{lit|leaf wrap}}, {{lang|my|ဖက်ထုပ်}} {{IPA|my|pʰɛʔtʰoʊʔ|}}) – meat, pastry paper, ginger, garlic, pepper powder, and salt. Usually served with soup or noodles.

* ''[[Samosa|Samusa]]'' ({{lang|my|စမူဆာ}} {{IPA|my|səmùzà|}}) – Burmese-style [[samosa]] with mutton and onions served with fresh mint, green chilli, onions and lime

* [[Burmese pork offal skewers]] ({{lang|my|ဝက်သား တုတ်ထိုး}} {{IPA|my|wɛʔθá doʊʔtʰó|}}) – pork offal cooked in light soy sauce, and eaten with raw ginger and chili sauce.

*''[[Htamane]]'' ({{lang|my|ထမနဲ}} {{IPA|my|tʰəmənɛ́|}}) – dessert made from glutinous rice, shredded coconuts and peanuts

Sweet snacks include:

*''[[Cendol|Mont let hsaung]]'' ({{lang|my|မုန့်လက်ဆောင်း}} {{IPA|my|mo̰ʊɴlɛʔsʰáʊɴ|}}) – tapioca or rice noodles, glutinous rice, grated coconut and toasted sesame with [[jaggery]] syrup in coconut milk

* ''[[Sanwin makin]]'' ({{lang|my|ဆနွင်းမကင်း}} {{IPA|my|sʰà.nwɪ́ɴ məgɪ́ɴ|}}) – [[semolina]] cake with raisins, walnuts and [[poppy seed]]s

* ''[[Shwe yin aye]]'' ({{lang|my|ရွှေရင်အေး}} {{IPA|my|ʃwè jɪ̀ɴ ʔé|}}) – agar jelly, [[tapioca]] and [[sago]] in coconut milk

*[[Pathein halawa]] ({{lang|my|ပုသိမ်ဟာလဝါ}} {{IPA|my|pəθèɪɴ ha̰ləwà|}}) – a sticky sweetmeat made of glutinous rice, butter, coconut milk, inspired by Indian [[halwa]]

* ''[[Falooda|Hpaluda]]'' ({{lang|my|ဖာလူဒါ}} {{IPA|my|pʰàlùdà|}}) – rose water, milk, coconut jelly, coconut shavings, sometimes served with egg custard and ice cream, similar to Indian [[falooda]]

*''[[Ngapyaw baung]]'' ({{lang|my|ငှက်ပျောပေါင်း}}) – A Mon-style dessert of bananas stewed in milk and coconut, and garnished with black sesame

* ''Saw hlaing mont'' ({{lang|my|စောလှိုင်မုန့်}}) – a Rakhine-style baked sweet, made from millet, raisins, coconut and butter

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===Fruits and fruit preserves===

[[File:2016 Rangun, Ulica Old Yay Tar Shay, Stoiska z jedzeniem (04).jpg|thumb|A street-side fruit stall in Yangon.]]

Myanmar has a wide range of fruits, mostly of tropical origin. Fruit is commonly eaten as a snack or dessert. While most fruits are eaten fresh, a few, including [[Archidendron pauciflorum|jengkol]], are boiled, roasted or otherwise cooked. Popular fruits include [[banana]], [[mango]], [[water melon|watermelon]], [[papaya]], [[jujube]], avocado, [[pomelo]], and [[guava]]. Others include [[Bouea macrophylla|marian plum]], [[mangosteen]], [[sugar-apple]], [[rambutan]], [[durian]], [[jackfruit]], [[lychee]], and [[pomegranate]]. Some fruits, including green mangoes, plums, and guavas, are traditionally eaten before they ripen, often mixed with chili powder and salt.

Burmese fruit preserves, called ''yo'' ({{lang|my|ယို}}), are also commonly eaten as standalone snacks. Common ones include fruit preserves made from [[Common fig|fig]], [[jujube]], [[Bouea macrophylla|marian plum]], citrus, mango, pineapple, and [[durian]].

300 cultivars of mango are grown in Myanmar, including ''seintalon'' ({{lang|my|စိန်တစ်လုံး}}, {{Lit|one diamond}}), ''Ma Chit Su'' ({{lang|my|မချစ်စု}}), and ''mya kyauk'' ({{lang|my|မြကျောက်}}, {{Lit|emerald stone}}). 13 species of banana are locally cultivated in Myanmar, including the following cultivars:

* [[Red banana|red]] - locally called ''shweni'' ({{lang|my|ရွှေနီ}}, {{Lit|golden red}})

* [[Dwarf Cavendish banana|Dwarf Cavendish]] - locally called ''htawbat'' ({{lang|my|သီးမွှေး}}, {{Lit|fragrant fruit}})

* Mysore - locally called ''Rakhine'' ({{lang|my|ရခိုင်}}), sweet and rounder in shape

* [[Latundan banana|Latundan]] - locally called ''htawbat'' ({{lang|my|ထောပတ်}}, {{Lit|butter}})

== Beverages ==

[[File:Estado Shan, varios 10.jpg|thumb|Clay pots containing drinking water are commonly seen throughout Myanmar, left for travellers and passersby to rehydrate.]]

Tea is the national drink of Myanmar, reflecting the influence of Buddhism and its views on [[Temperance (virtue)|temperance]]. Tea is central to Burmese dining culture; complimentary green tea is customarily served to diners at restaurants and teashops alike. Various liquid concoctions made from fruits and [[coconut milk]], including [[sugarcane juice]], and ''[[Cendol|mont let hsaung]]'' ({{lang|my|မုန့်လက်ဆောင်း}}) are also popular. Indigenous fermented drinks like [[palm wine]] are also found across the country. During a traditional Burmese meal, drinks are not often served; instead, the usual liquid refreshment is a light broth or [[consommé]] served from a [[communal bowl]].

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=== Burmese tea ===

[[File:Myanmar Tea House Food.jpg|thumb|Snacks served at a Burmese tea house alongside [[Burmese milk tea]].]]

{{Main|Laphet|Burmese milk tea}}

Plain [[green tea]], ''yay nway gyan'' ({{lang|my|ရေနွေးကြမ်း}}, {{Lit|crude tea water}}), is a popular form of tea drunk in Myanmar. Tea leaves are traditionally cultivated in [[Shan State]] and [[Kachin State]]. [[Milk tea]], called ''laphet yay cho'' (လက်ဖက်ရည်ချို), made with strongly brewed black tea leaves, and sweetened with a customized ratio of [[condensed milk]] and [[evaporated milk]], is also popular.

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=== Alcohol ===

{{See also|Beer in Myanmar}}

[[File:Shweyin-aye.JPG|thumb|''[[Shwe yin aye]]'' is a popular and refreshing dessert]]

[[Palm wine]], called ''htan yay'' ({{lang|my|ထန်းရည်}}), made from the fermented sap of the [[toddy palm]], is traditionally consumed in rural parts of [[Upper Myanmar]] Ethnic communities, including the [[Kachin people|Kachin]] and [[Shan people|Shan]], also brew local [[moonshine]]s. Several ethnic minorities traditionally brew alcoholic beverages using rice or glutinous rice called {{Interlanguage link|khaung|lt=|my|ခေါင်ရည်|WD=}} ({{lang|my|ခေါင်ရည်}}). The ''khaung'' of the [[Chin people]]s is brewed using millet seeds. Locally brewed beers include Irrawaddy, Mandalay, Myanmar, and Tiger.

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== Food establishments ==

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=== Restaurants ===

Dine-in restaurants that serve steamed rice with traditional Burmese curries and dishes are called ''htamin hsaing'' ({{lang|my|ထမင်းဆိုင်}}; {{Literal translation|rice shop}}). At traditional curry shops, soup is typically served complimentary, alongside pickled and raw vegetables, chutneys and various seasonings.

=== Tea shops ===

[[File:Outdoor café, Yangon, Myanmar.jpg|thumb|An outdoor café in Yangon]]During British rule in Burma, [[Burmese Indians]] introduced [[Teahouse|tea shops]] to the country, first known as ''kaka hsaing'', which later evolved into teashops called ''laphet yay hsaing'' ({{lang|my|လက်ဖက်ရည်ဆိုင်}}) or ''kaphi'' (ကဖီး), the latter word from French ''café.'' Burmese tea shop culture emerged from a combination of British, Indian, and Chinese influences throughout the colonial period. Teashops are prevalent across the country, forming an important part of communal life. Typically open throughout the day, some Burmese tea shops cater to locals, long distance drivers and travellers alike. The Burmese typically gather in tea shops to drink milk tea served with an extensive array of snacks and meals.

=== Street food ===

[[File:Street food (5089664128).jpg|thumb|A street hawker selling [[Burmese pork offal skewers]].]]Street food stalls and hawkers are a feature of the Burmese urban landscape, especially in major cities like [[Yangon]]. [[Burmese salads]], [[Mont (food)|snacks]], and [[Burmese fritters|fritters]] are especially popular street foods. In recent years, some major cities have clamped down on street food vendors. In 2016, Yangon banned the city's 6,000 street vendors from selling food on major thoroughfares, and relocated them to formal night markets set up by the city.

[[Night market]]s, called ''nya zay'' ({{lang|my|ညဈေး}}), are a feature of many Burmese towns and cities. Colonial observers as early as 1878 noted Burmese street hawkers selling delicacies, such as fruits, cakes, and laphet during "night bazaars." The streets surrounding major daytime markets, such as [[Zegyo Market]] in Mandalay, typically double as makeshift night markets during the evenings.