Azupedia

体重

Revision as of 10:23, 2 March 2024 by Fire (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<math>m = e^{0.175571a_y + 2.197099}</math>")

Human body weight/ja
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人間の体重とは、人の質量または体重のことである。

厳密に言えば、体重は身につけているアイテムを含まない状態での重さの測定である。実際には、体重は衣服を着用した状態で測定されることがあるが、靴や携帯電話、財布などの重いアクセサリーを除いて手動またはデジタルの体重計を使用する。過剰または減少した体重は、個人の健康を判断する指標と見なされ、体積の測定は体重の分布を計算することで追加の次元を提供する。

成人の平均体重は大陸によって異なり、アジアとアフリカの約60 kg (130 lb)から北米の約80 kg (180 lb)まで、平均して男性の方が女性よりも重い。

子供における推定

実際の体重を測定できない場合（緊急時など）に子どもの体重を推定する方法はいくつかある。そのほとんどは、親や医療提供者が体重推定式を使って子どもの体重を推測するものである。これらの計算式は、子どもの年齢とテープベースの体重推定システムに基づいている。体重推定に使用されてきた多くの公式の中には、Advanced Pediatric Life Support公式、レフラー公式、セロン公式などがある。子どもの体重を推定するためのテープベースのシステムも数種類あり、最もよく知られているのはBroselowテープである。Broselowテープは長さに基づいており、適切な色の部分から体重を読み取る。PAWPERテープのような新しいシステムは、体重を推定するために単純な2段階のプロセスを利用している：長さに基づく体重推定は、最終的な体重予測の精度を高めるために、子どもの体の習慣に応じて修正される。

レフラー式は0～10歳児に使用される。 生後1年未満の場合は、以下のようになる。

m=12am+4

そして、1歳から10歳までは以下の通りである。

m=2ay+10

ここで、mは子どもの体重のキログラム数、amとayはそれぞれ子どもの月齢または年齢を表す。

セロンの公式は次の通りである。

m=e0.175571ay+2.197099

ここでmとayは上記の通りである。

Fluctuation

Body weight varies in small amounts throughout the day, as the amount of water in the body is not constant. It changes due to activities such as drinking, urinating, or exercise. Professional sports participants may deliberately dehydrate themselves to enter a lower weight class, a practice known as weight cutting.

Ideal body weight

Ideal body weight (IBW) was initially introduced by Ben J. Devine in 1974 to allow estimation of drug clearances in obese patients; researchers have since shown that the metabolism of certain drugs relates more to IBW than total body weight. The term was based on the use of insurance data that demonstrated the relative mortality for males and females according to different height-weight combinations.

The most common estimation of IBW is by the Devine formula; other models exist and have been noted to give similar results. Other methods used in estimating the ideal body weight are body mass index and the Hamwi method. The IBW is not the perfect fat measurement, as it does not show the fat or muscle percentage in one's body. For example, athletes' results may show that they are overweight when they are actually very fit and healthy. Machines like the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry can accurately measure the percentage and weight of fat, muscle, and bone in a body.

Devine formula

The Devine formula for calculating ideal body weight in adults is as follows:

  • Male ideal body weight = 50 kilograms (110 lb) + 0.9 kilograms (2.0 lb) × (height (cm) − 152)
  • Female ideal body weight = 45.5 kilograms (100 lb) + 0.9 kilograms (2.0 lb) × (height (cm) − 152)

Hamwi method

The Hamwi method is used to calculate the ideal body weight of the general adult:

  • Male ideal body weight = 48 kilograms (106 lb) + 1.1 kilograms (2.4 lb) × (height (cm) − 152)
  • Female ideal body weight = 45.4 kilograms (100 lb) + 0.9 kilograms (2.0 lb) × (height (cm) − 152)

Usage

Sports

Participants in sports such as boxing, mixed martial arts, wrestling, rowing, judo, sambo, Olympic weightlifting, and powerlifting are classified according to their body weight, measured in units of mass such as pounds or kilograms. See, e.g., wrestling weight classes, boxing weight classes, judo at the 2004 Summer Olympics, and boxing at the 2004 Summer Olympics.

Medicine

Ideal body weight, specifically the Devine formula, is used clinically for multiple reasons, most commonly in estimating renal function in drug dosing, and predicting pharmacokinetics in morbidly obese patients.

Average weight around the world

By region

Data from 2005:

Region Adult population
(millions) 		Average weight Overweight population /
total population
Africa 535 60.7 kg (133.8 lb) 28.9%
Asia 2,815 57.7 kg (127.2 lb) 24.2%
Europe 606 70.8 kg (156.1 lb) 55.6%
Latin America and the Caribbean 386 67.9 kg (149.7 lb) 57.9%
North America 263 80.7 kg (177.9 lb) 73.9%
Oceania 24 74.1 kg (163.4 lb) 63.3%
World 4,630 62.0 kg (136.7 lb) 34.7%

By country

Country Average male weight Average female weight Sample population /
age range 		Methodology Year
  Afghanistan 69.2 kg (152.6 lb) 62.6 kg (138.0 lb) 18–69 Measured 2018
  Algeria 68.7 kg (151.5 lb) 65.1 kg (143.5 lb) 25–64 Measured 2005
  Armenia 74.6 kg (164.5 lb) 66.4 kg (146.4 lb) 18–69 Measured 2016
  Australia 87.0 kg (191.8 lb) 71.8 kg (158.3 lb) 18+ Measured 2018
  Azerbaijan 72.1 kg (159.0 lb) 65.7 kg (144.8 lb) 16+ Measured 2005
  Bangladesh 55.2 kg (121.7 lb) 49.8 kg (109.8 lb) 25+ Measured 2009–2010
  Belarus 69 kg (152.1 lb) 56 kg (123.5 lb) 18+ Measured 2008
  Belize 74.2 kg (163.6 lb) 70.5 kg (155.4 lb) 20+ Measured 2010
  Benin 63.7 kg (140.4 lb) 60.9 kg (134.3 lb) 18–69 Measured 2015
  Bhutan 63.2 kg (139.3 lb) 57.4 kg (126.5 lb) 18–69 Measured 2014
  Botswana 63.6 kg (140.2 lb) 64.3 kg (141.8 lb) 15–69 Measured 2014
  Brazil 72.7 kg (160.3 lb) 62.5 kg (137.8 lb) 20–74 Measured 2008–2009
  Brunei 74.1 kg (163.4 lb) 62.9 kg (138.7 lb) 19+ Measured 2010–2011
  Bulgaria 81.0 kg (178.6 lb) 67.0 kg (147.7 lb) 15+ Self-reported 2014
  Burkina Faso 65.2 kg (143.7 lb) 59.0 kg (130.1 lb) 25–64 Measured 2013
  Cambodia 56.8 kg (125.2 lb) 50.8 kg (112.0 lb) 25–64 Measured 2010
  Cameroon 68.3 kg (150.6 lb) 67.0 kg (147.7 lb) 15+ Measured 2003
  Canada 84.6 kg (187 lb) 70.1 kg (155 lb) 18–79 Measured 2007–2009
  Chile 77.3 kg (170.4 lb) 67.5 kg (148.8 lb) 15+ Measured 2009–2010
  Costa Rica - San José 76.6 kg (168.9 lb) 64.9 kg (143.1 lb) 20+ Measured 2010
  Czech Republic 92.1 kg (203.0 lb) 73.8 kg (162.7 lb) 25–64 Measured 2016–2017
  Estonia 84.4 kg (186.1 lb) 71.2 kg (157.0 lb) 18+ Measured 2003–2010
  France 77.1 kg (170 lb) 62.7 kg (138 lb) 15+ Measured 2005
  Georgia 84.4 kg (186.1 lb) 73.6 kg (162.3 lb) 18–69 Measured 2016
  Germany 85.9 kg (189.4 lb) 69.2 kg (152.6 lb) 18+ Self-reported 2021
  India 65.0 kg (143.3 lb) 55.0 kg (121.3 lb) 16+ Measured 2020
  Norway 86.6 kg (190.9 lb) 71.6 kg (157.9 lb) 18+ Self-reported 2020
  Oman 74.9 kg (165.1 lb) 68.1 kg (150.1 lb) 18+ Measured 2017
  Pakistan 66.0 kg (145.5 lb) 59.0 kg (130.1 lb) 18–69 Measured 2013–2014
  Papua New Guinea 62.5 kg (137.8 lb) 56.8 kg (125.2 lb) 15–64 Measured 2007–2008
  Qatar 84.6 kg (186.5 lb) 73.4 kg (161.8 lb) 18–64 Measured 2012
  Russia 70.6 kg (155.6 lb) 60.2 kg (132.7 lb) 19+ Measured 2018
  Rwanda 58.4 kg (128.7 lb) 55.9 kg (123.2 lb) 15–64 Measured 2012–2013
  Saint Kitts and Nevis 84.5 kg (186.3 lb) 83.0 kg (183.0 lb) 25–64 Measured 2007–2008
  Saudi Arabia 77.3 kg (170.4 lb) 71.7 kg (158.1 lb) 25–64 Measured 2005
  Serbia 84.6 kg (186.5 lb) 70.0 kg (154.3 lb) 20+ Measured 2013
  Sierra Leone 62.0 kg (136.7 lb) 59.0 kg (130.1 lb) 25–64 Measured 2009
  Solomon Islands 75.3 kg (166.0 lb) 70.4 kg (155.2 lb) 25–64 Measured 2006
  South Korea 73.34 kg (161.7 lb) 58.29 kg (128.5 lb) 18+ Measured 2019
  Spain 82.4 kg (181.7 lb) 66.6 kg (146.8 lb) 18–64 Measured 2013
  Sri Lanka 61.4 kg (135.4 lb) 54.6 kg (120.4 lb) 18–69 Measured 2014–2015
  Sudan 65.4 kg (144.2 lb) 61.6 kg (135.8 lb) 18–69 Measured 2016
  Sweden 81.9 kg (180.6 lb) 66.7 kg (147.0 lb) 16–84 Measured 2003–2004
  Togo 63.2 kg (139.3 lb) 60.0 kg (132.3 lb) 15–64 Measured 2010
  Tonga 99.4 kg (219.1 lb) 97.7 kg (215.4 lb) 25–64 Measured 2012
  Trinidad and Tobago 76.7 kg (169.1 lb) 71.1 kg (156.7 lb) 15–64 Measured 2011
  Turkey 78.0 kg (172.0 lb) 70.1 kg (154.5 lb) 15+ Measured 2017
  Turkmenistan 76.6 kg (168.9 lb) 67.4 kg (148.6 lb) 18–69 Measured 2018
  United Kingdom – England 85.4 kg (188.3 lb) 72.1 kg (159.0 lb) 16+ Measured 2019
  United Kingdom – Wales 84.0 kg (185.2 lb) 69.0 kg (152.1 lb) 16+ Measured 2009
  Ukraine 80.0 kg (176.4 lb) 71.0 kg (156.5 lb) 18+ Measured 2020
  United States 90.6 kg (199.7 lb) 77.5 kg (170.9 lb) 20+ Measured 2015–2018

Global statistics

Researchers at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine published a study of average weights of adult humans in the journal BMC Public Health and at the United Nations conference Rio+20.

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外部リンク

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