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| 多様な温帯気候を擁する朝鮮半島では、多くの栽培種および野生の果実が育つ。様々な品種の[[Asian pear/ja|ナシ]]、[[apple/ja|リンゴ]]、[[melon/ja|メロン]]、[[berry/ja|ベリー]]などが夏から秋にかけての代表的な産物である。 | | 多様な温帯気候を擁する朝鮮半島では、多くの栽培種および野生の果実が育つ。様々な品種の[[Asian pear/ja|ナシ]]、[[apple/ja|リンゴ]]、[[melon/ja|メロン]]、[[berry/ja|ベリー]]などが夏から秋にかけての代表的な産物である。 |
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| | ===豆類=== |
| ===Legumes=== | | [[File:Korean noodles-Kongguksu-01.jpg|thumb|alt=ステンレスの器に入った、冷たい白いスープの小麦麺|すりつぶした[[soybean/ja|大豆]]から作られたつゆを使った冷たい麺料理「[[Kongguksu/ja|コングクス]]」]] |
| [[File:Korean noodles-Kongguksu-01.jpg|thumb|alt=A wheat noodles with a cold white broth in a stainless bowl|''[[Kongguksu]]'', a cold noodle dish with a broth made from ground soy beans]] | | [[Legume/ja|豆類]]は、韓国の[[:en:archaeological site|遺跡]]から発見された最古の豆類が示すように、韓国の歴史と料理において重要な作物であった。[[:en:South Gyeongsang Province|慶尚南道]][[:en:Jinju|晋州]]の玉坊遺跡の発掘調査では、紀元前1000年～900年頃に[[soybean/ja|大豆]]が食料作物として栽培されていたことが示されている。大豆は現在でも[[tofu/ja|豆腐]]に加工され、[[soybean sprout/ja|大豆もやし]]は野菜として[[kongnamul/ja|ナムル]]に炒められ、大豆そのものは調味されて付け合わせとして供される。また、[[soy milk/ja|豆乳]]にも加工され、「[[kongguksu/ja|コングクス]]」と呼ばれる麺料理のベースとなる。豆乳製造の副産物である「[[soy pulp/ja|ビジ]]」または「コンビジ」は、シチューやおかゆのとろみ付けに使われる。大豆は、「[[kongbap/ja|コンパプ]]」の豆の一つとしても使われ、数種類の豆や他の穀物と一緒に煮込まれる。また、大豆は、[[doenjang/ja|テンジャン]]や[[cheonggukjang/ja|チョングクジャン]]といった[[soybean paste/ja|味噌類]]、[[Korean soy sauce/ja|カンジャン]]と呼ばれる[[soy sauce|醤油]]、[[gochujang/ja|コチュジャン]]と呼ばれる[[chili pepper/ja|唐辛子]]味噌など、「[[jang/ja|醤]]」と総称される発酵調味料の主要な材料でもある。 |
| [[Legume]]s have been significant crops in Korean history and cuisine, according to the earliest preserved legumes found in [[archaeological site]]s in Korea. The excavation at Okbang site, [[Jinju]], [[South Gyeongsang Province]] indicates [[soybean]]s were cultivated as a food crop ''circa'' 1000–900 BCE. They are still made into dubu ([[tofu]]), while soybean sprouts are sauteed as a vegetable (''[[kongnamul]]'') and whole soybeans are seasoned and served as a side dish. They are also made into [[soy milk]], which is used as the base for the noodle dish called ''[[kongguksu]]''. A byproduct of soy milk production is ''[[soy pulp|biji]]'' or ''kong-biji'', which is used to thicken stews and porridges. Soybeans may also be one of the beans in ''[[kongbap]]'', boiled together with several types of beans and other grains, and they are also the primary ingredient in the production of fermented condiments collectively referred to as ''jang'', such as soybean pastes, ''[[doenjang]]'' and ''[[cheonggukjang]]'', a soy sauce called ''[[Korean soy sauce|ganjang]]'', chili pepper paste or ''[[gochujang]]'' and others. | |
| [[File:Korean shredded mung bean jelly with vegetables-Tangpyeongchae-01.jpg|thumb|alt=A salad consisting of slices of half transparent jelly-like food and vegetables|''[[Tangpyeongchae]]'', a dish made with ''[[nokdumuk]]'' (a mung bean starch jelly) and vegetables]]
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| [[Mung bean|Nokdu]] (Mung bean) is commonly used in Korean cuisine. ''[[sukju namul|Sukju]] namuls (Mung bean sprouts)'' are often served as a side dish, [[Blanching (cooking)|blanched]] and [[Sautéing|sautéed]] with sesame oil, garlic, and salt. Ground Nokdu is used to make a porridge called ''nokdujuk'', which is eaten as a nutritional supplement and digestive aid, especially for ill patients. A popular snack, ''[[bindaetteok]]'' (mung bean pancake), is made with ground nokdu and fresh sukju namul. Starch extracted from ground nokdu is used to make transparent dangmyeon ( [[cellophane noodles]]). The dangmyeons are the main ingredients for ''[[japchae]]'' (a salad-like dish) and ''[[sundae (Korean food)|sundae]]'' (a [[blood sausage]]), and are a subsidiary ingredient for soups and stews. The starch can be also used to make jelly-like foods, such as ''[[nokdumuk]]'' and ''[[hwangpomuk]]''. The ''muk'' have a bland flavor, so are served seasoned with soy sauce, sesame oil and crumbled seaweed or other seasonings such as ''[[tangpyeongchae]]''.
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