Flavin adenine dinucleotide/ja: Difference between revisions

Due to the importance of [[flavoprotein]]s, it is unsurprising that approximately 60% of human flavoproteins cause human disease when mutated. In some cases, this is due to a decreased [[ligand (biochemistry)#Receptor/ligand binding affinity|affinity]] for FAD or FMN and so excess riboflavin intake may lessen disease symptoms, such as for [[Glutaric acidemia type 2|multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]. In addition, riboflavin deficiency itself (and the resulting lack of FAD and FMN) can cause health issues. For example, in [[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis|ALS]] patients, there are decreased levels of FAD synthesis. Both of these paths can result in a variety of symptoms, including developmental or gastrointestinal abnormalities, faulty [[Fatty acid metabolism|fat break-down]], [[anemia]], neurological problems, [[cancer]] or [[Cardiovascular disease|heart disease]], [[migraine]], worsened vision and skin lesions. The pharmaceutical industry therefore produces riboflavin to supplement diet in certain cases.  In 2008, the global need for riboflavin was 6,000 tons per year, with production capacity of 10,000 tons. This $150 to 500 million market is not only for medical applications, but is also used as a supplement to animal food in the agricultural industry and as a [[Food coloring|food colorant]].