Sulbutiamine: Difference between revisions

From Azupedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
← Older edit
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
Marked this version for translation
 
Line 1: Line 1:
<languages />
<languages />
<translate>
<translate>
<!--T:1-->
{{short description|Chemical compound}}
{{short description|Chemical compound}}
{{Drugbox
{{Drugbox
Line 12: Line 13:
| alt2 = Space-filling model of the sulbutiamine molecule
| alt2 = Space-filling model of the sulbutiamine molecule


<!--T:2-->
<!--Clinical data-->
<!--Clinical data-->
| tradename = Arcalion, Enerion
| tradename = Arcalion, Enerion
Line 17: Line 19:
| routes_of_administration = Oral
| routes_of_administration = Oral


<!--T:3-->
<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
| elimination_half-life = 5 hours
| elimination_half-life = 5 hours
| excretion = [[Kidney|Renal]]
| excretion = [[Kidney|Renal]]


<!--T:4-->
<!--Identifiers-->
<!--Identifiers-->
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}}
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}}
Line 35: Line 39:
| KEGG = D01319
| KEGG = D01319


<!--T:5-->
<!--Chemical data-->
<!--Chemical data-->
| C=32 | H=46 | N=8 | O=6 | S=2  
| C=32 | H=46 | N=8 | O=6 | S=2  
Line 45: Line 50:
}}
}}


<!--T:6-->
'''Sulbutiamine''' (brand names '''Arcalion''', '''Enerion''') is a synthetic derivative of [[thiamine]] (vitamin B<sub>1</sub>). In France, it is used to treat symptoms of weakness or fatigue.  It is also sold as a dietary supplement.  Sulbutiamine was discovered in Japan as part of an effort to develop useful thiamine derivatives.
'''Sulbutiamine''' (brand names '''Arcalion''', '''Enerion''') is a synthetic derivative of [[thiamine]] (vitamin B<sub>1</sub>). In France, it is used to treat symptoms of weakness or fatigue.  It is also sold as a dietary supplement.  Sulbutiamine was discovered in Japan as part of an effort to develop useful thiamine derivatives.


==Medical use==
==Medical use== <!--T:7-->
Sulbutiamine is used to treat [[asthenia]] (symptoms of fatigue or weakness), though is not clear if it is effective in alleviating tiredness. It is also used to treat thiamine deficiency and poor concentration. Being a potent [[cholinergic]] [[anxiolytic]] , Sulbutiamine is a popular [[nootropic]], with users reporting enhanced memory, focus and improved mood and motivation. Endurance athletes may use it to try to enhance their performance.
Sulbutiamine is used to treat [[asthenia]] (symptoms of fatigue or weakness), though is not clear if it is effective in alleviating tiredness. It is also used to treat thiamine deficiency and poor concentration. Being a potent [[cholinergic]] [[anxiolytic]] , Sulbutiamine is a popular [[nootropic]], with users reporting enhanced memory, focus and improved mood and motivation. Endurance athletes may use it to try to enhance their performance.


==Adverse effects==
==Adverse effects== <!--T:8-->
Adverse effects found in clinical trials are usually limited to headache and gastrointestinal discomfort when high doses are used. While daily use can result in tolerance and paradoxical drowsiness, increasing the dose is strongly discouraged and side effects can include diarrhea, bladder infections, bronchitis, back pain, abdominal pain, insomnia, constipation, gastroenteritis, headache, vertigo, and sore throat.
Adverse effects found in clinical trials are usually limited to headache and gastrointestinal discomfort when high doses are used. While daily use can result in tolerance and paradoxical drowsiness, increasing the dose is strongly discouraged and side effects can include diarrhea, bladder infections, bronchitis, back pain, abdominal pain, insomnia, constipation, gastroenteritis, headache, vertigo, and sore throat.


==History==
==History== <!--T:9-->
[[File:Thiamin.svg|left|thumb|200px|Thiamine]]
[[File:Thiamin.svg|left|thumb|200px|Thiamine]]
Efforts to develop [[thiamine]] derivatives with better bioavailability than thiamine were conducted in the 1950s, mainly in Japan.  These efforts led to the discovery of [[allicin]] (diallyl [[thiosulfinate]]) in garlic, which became a model for [[medicinal chemistry]] efforts to create other thiamine disulfides.  The results included sulbutiamine, [[fursultiamine]] (thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide) and [[benfotiamine]].  These compounds are hydrophobic, easily pass from the intestines to the bloodstream, and are reduced to thiamine by cysteine or glutathione.
Efforts to develop [[thiamine]] derivatives with better bioavailability than thiamine were conducted in the 1950s, mainly in Japan.  These efforts led to the discovery of [[allicin]] (diallyl [[thiosulfinate]]) in garlic, which became a model for [[medicinal chemistry]] efforts to create other thiamine disulfides.  The results included sulbutiamine, [[fursultiamine]] (thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide) and [[benfotiamine]].  These compounds are hydrophobic, easily pass from the intestines to the bloodstream, and are reduced to thiamine by cysteine or glutathione.


<!--T:10-->
It was first marketed in France by Servier in 1973 under the brand name Arcalion.  The drug registration went through a validation procedure in France in the 1980s, which found that the use for treatment of fatigue was not supported by data. In January 1989, 100 mg tablet doses were discontinued in favour of 200 mg tablets.
It was first marketed in France by Servier in 1973 under the brand name Arcalion.  The drug registration went through a validation procedure in France in the 1980s, which found that the use for treatment of fatigue was not supported by data. In January 1989, 100 mg tablet doses were discontinued in favour of 200 mg tablets.


==Research==
==Research== <!--T:11-->
Because [[thiamine deficiency]] causes problems with memory and other cognitive functions, thiamine and analogs like sulbutiamine have been studied in clinical trials in the 1980s and 1990s for age-associated cognitive decline.
Because [[thiamine deficiency]] causes problems with memory and other cognitive functions, thiamine and analogs like sulbutiamine have been studied in clinical trials in the 1980s and 1990s for age-associated cognitive decline.


<!--T:12-->
Sulbutiamine has been explored in clinical trials as a potential treatment for [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]. Studies have also been undertaken to
Sulbutiamine has been explored in clinical trials as a potential treatment for [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]. Studies have also been undertaken to
assess its impact on reversing age-related changes in the circadian system.
assess its impact on reversing age-related changes in the circadian system.


<!--T:13-->
The pharmacology of sulbutiamine has been studied in various mice and rats; as of 2014 it appeared that sulbutiamine might be more effective in raising thiamine phosphate levels in the brain than benfotiamine and fursultiamine, but this has not been fully verified. University of Oxford studies indicate that it helps prevent [[apoptotic]] cell death, caused by [[trophic factor]] deprivation, in retinal [[ganglion]] cells.
The pharmacology of sulbutiamine has been studied in various mice and rats; as of 2014 it appeared that sulbutiamine might be more effective in raising thiamine phosphate levels in the brain than benfotiamine and fursultiamine, but this has not been fully verified. University of Oxford studies indicate that it helps prevent [[apoptotic]] cell death, caused by [[trophic factor]] deprivation, in retinal [[ganglion]] cells.


<!--T:14-->
In an uncontrollled clinical trial, sulbutiamine was reported to be effective in reducing fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis.
In an uncontrollled clinical trial, sulbutiamine was reported to be effective in reducing fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis.


== See also ==
== See also == <!--T:15-->
* [[Vitamin B1 analogue|Vitamin B<sub>1</sub> analogue]]
* [[Vitamin B1 analogue|Vitamin B<sub>1</sub> analogue]]
* [[Pyritinol]]
* [[Pyritinol]]




<!--T:16-->
{{Vitamins}}
{{Vitamins}}


<!--T:17-->
{{二次利用|date=23 March 2024}}
{{二次利用|date=23 March 2024}}
[[Category:Aromatic amines]]
[[Category:Aromatic amines]]

Latest revision as of 11:00, 3 April 2024

Other languages:
Sulbutiamine
Skeletal formula of sulbutiamine
Space-filling model of the sulbutiamine molecule
Clinical data
Trade namesArcalion, Enerion
AHFS/Drugs.comInternational Drug Names
Routes of
administration		Oral
ATC code
Pharmacokinetic data
Elimination half-life5 hours
ExcretionRenal
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC32H46N8O6S2
Molar mass702.89 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Sulbutiamine (brand names Arcalion, Enerion) is a synthetic derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1). In France, it is used to treat symptoms of weakness or fatigue. It is also sold as a dietary supplement. Sulbutiamine was discovered in Japan as part of an effort to develop useful thiamine derivatives.

Medical use

Sulbutiamine is used to treat asthenia (symptoms of fatigue or weakness), though is not clear if it is effective in alleviating tiredness. It is also used to treat thiamine deficiency and poor concentration. Being a potent cholinergic anxiolytic , Sulbutiamine is a popular nootropic, with users reporting enhanced memory, focus and improved mood and motivation. Endurance athletes may use it to try to enhance their performance.

Adverse effects

Adverse effects found in clinical trials are usually limited to headache and gastrointestinal discomfort when high doses are used. While daily use can result in tolerance and paradoxical drowsiness, increasing the dose is strongly discouraged and side effects can include diarrhea, bladder infections, bronchitis, back pain, abdominal pain, insomnia, constipation, gastroenteritis, headache, vertigo, and sore throat.

History

Thiamine

Efforts to develop thiamine derivatives with better bioavailability than thiamine were conducted in the 1950s, mainly in Japan. These efforts led to the discovery of allicin (diallyl thiosulfinate) in garlic, which became a model for medicinal chemistry efforts to create other thiamine disulfides. The results included sulbutiamine, fursultiamine (thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide) and benfotiamine. These compounds are hydrophobic, easily pass from the intestines to the bloodstream, and are reduced to thiamine by cysteine or glutathione.

It was first marketed in France by Servier in 1973 under the brand name Arcalion. The drug registration went through a validation procedure in France in the 1980s, which found that the use for treatment of fatigue was not supported by data. In January 1989, 100 mg tablet doses were discontinued in favour of 200 mg tablets.

Research

Because thiamine deficiency causes problems with memory and other cognitive functions, thiamine and analogs like sulbutiamine have been studied in clinical trials in the 1980s and 1990s for age-associated cognitive decline.

Sulbutiamine has been explored in clinical trials as a potential treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome. Studies have also been undertaken to assess its impact on reversing age-related changes in the circadian system.

The pharmacology of sulbutiamine has been studied in various mice and rats; as of 2014 it appeared that sulbutiamine might be more effective in raising thiamine phosphate levels in the brain than benfotiamine and fursultiamine, but this has not been fully verified. University of Oxford studies indicate that it helps prevent apoptotic cell death, caused by trophic factor deprivation, in retinal ganglion cells.

In an uncontrollled clinical trial, sulbutiamine was reported to be effective in reducing fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis.

See also


Retrieved from "https://wiki.tiffa.net/w/index.php?title=Sulbutiamine&oldid=133369"