Endocrine disease/ja: Difference between revisions

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==Types of disease==

# Endocrine gland hypofunction/hypo[[secretion]] (leading to hormone deficiency)

# Endocrine gland hyperfunction/hypersecretion (leading to hormone excess)

# Tumours (benign or malignant) of endocrine glands

Endocrine disorders are often quite complex, involving a mixed picture of hyposecretion and hypersecretion because of the feedback mechanisms involved in the endocrine system. For example, most forms of [[hyperthyroidism]] are associated with an excess of [[thyroid hormone]] and a low level of [[thyroid stimulating hormone]].

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==List of diseases==

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=== Glucose homeostasis disorders ===

* [[Diabetes]]

** [[Diabetes mellitus type 1|Type 1 Diabetes]]

** [[Diabetes mellitus type 2|Type 2 Diabetes]]

** [[Gestational Diabetes]]

** [[Mature Onset Diabetes of the Young]]

** Diabetic myopathy

* [[Hypoglycemia]]

** [[Idiopathic hypoglycemia]]

** [[Insulinoma]]

* [[Glucagonoma]]

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=== Thyroid disorders ===

* [[Goitre]]

* [[Hyperthyroidism]]

** [[Graves-Basedow disease]]

** [[Toxic multinodular goitre]]

** [[Thyrotoxic myopathy]]

* [[Hypothyroidism]]

** Hypothyroid myopathies

*** [[Kocher–Debre–Semelaigne syndrome|Kocher-Debre-Semelaigne syndrome]]

*** [[Hoffmann syndrome]]

*** [[Congenital myasthenic syndrome|Myasthenic syndrome]]

*** Atrophic form

* [[Thyroiditis]]

** [[Hashimoto's thyroiditis]]

* [[Thyroid cancer]]

* [[Thyroid hormone resistance]]

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=== Calcium homeostasis disorders and Metabolic bone disease ===

* [[Parathyroid gland]] disorders

** [[Hyperparathyroidism]]

*** [[Primary hyperparathyroidism]]

*** [[Secondary hyperparathyroidism]]

*** [[Tertiary hyperparathyroidism]]

*** Hyperparathyroid myopathy

** [[Hypoparathyroidism]]

*** [[Pseudohypoparathyroidism]]

*** Hypoparathyroid myopathy

* [[Osteoporosis]]

* [[Osteitis deformans]] (Paget's disease of bone)

* [[Rickets]]

* [[Osteomalacia]]

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===Pituitary gland disorders===

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====Posterior pituitary====

* [[Diabetes insipidus]]

* Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)

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====Anterior pituitary====

* [[Hypopituitarism]] (or [[hypopituitarism|Panhypopituitarism]])

* [[Pituitary tumor]]s

** [[Pituitary adenoma]]s

** [[Prolactinoma]] (or [[Hyperprolactinemia]])

** [[Acromegaly]], [[gigantism]], [[dwarfism]]

** [[Cushing's disease]]

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=== Adrenal gland disorders ===

* [[Addison's disease]]

* [[Adrenal crisis]]

* [[Adrenal insufficiency]]  

* [[Adrenal tumor|Adrenal tumour]]

* [[Congenital adrenal hyperplasia]]

* [[Hypercortisolism]] (Cushing's disease)

** [[Corticosteroid#Adverse effects|Steroid myopathy]]

* [[Hypoaldosteronism]]

* [[Hyperaldosteronism]]

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=== Sex hormone disorders ===

* [[Disorders of sex development]] or intersex disorders

** [[Hermaphroditism]]

** [[Gonadal dysgenesis]]

** [[Androgen insensitivity syndrome]]s

* [[Hypogonadism]] ([[Gonadotropin deficiency]])

** Inherited (genetic and chromosomal) disorders

*** [[Kallmann syndrome]]

*** [[Klinefelter syndrome]]

*** [[Turner syndrome]]

** Acquired disorders

*** [[Primary ovarian insufficiency|Ovarian failure]] (also known as Premature Menopause)

*** [[Hypogonadism|Testicular failure]]

**** [[Androgen deficiency#Signs and symptoms|Testosterone deficiency myopathy]]

* Disorders of Puberty

** [[Delayed puberty]]

** [[Precocious puberty]]

* Menstrual function or fertility disorders

** [[Amenorrhea]]

** [[Polycystic ovary syndrome|Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)]]

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=== Tumours of the endocrine glands not mentioned elsewhere ===

[[File:Multiple endocrine neoplasia.png|thumb|[[Multiple endocrine neoplasia]] types.]]

* [[Multiple endocrine neoplasia]]

** [[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1|MEN type 1]]

** [[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2a|MEN type 2a]]

** [[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b|MEN type 2b]]

* [[Carcinoid syndrome]]

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=== See also separate organs ===

* [[Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome]]s

* [[Incidentaloma]] - an unexpected finding on diagnostic imaging, often of endocrine glands

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==Endocrine emergencies==

In endocrinology, medical emergencies include [[diabetic ketoacidosis]], [[hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state]], [[hypoglycemia|hypoglycemic coma]], [[adrenal insufficiency|acute adrenocortical insufficiency]], [[phaeochromocytoma]] crisis, [[hypercalcemic crisis]], [[thyroid storm]], [[myxoedema coma]] and [[pituitary apoplexy]].

Emergencies arising from decompensated [[pheochromocytoma]]s or [[parathyroid]] adenomas are sometimes referred for emergency resection when aggressive medical therapies fail to control the patient's state, however the surgical risks are significant, especially blood pressure lability and the possibility of cardiovascular collapse after resection (due to a brutal drop in respectively catecholamines and calcium, which must be compensated with gradual normalization). It remains debated when emergency surgery is appropriate as opposed to urgent or elective surgery after continued attempts to stabilize the patient, notably in view of newer and more efficient medications and protocols.

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==See also==

* [[List of MeSH codes (C19)]]

* [[List of ICD-9 codes 240-279: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases, and immunity disorders]]

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== External links ==

{{Disease of the pancreas and glucose metabolism}}

{{Hypothalamic disease}}

{{Pituitary disease}}

{{Thyroid disease}}

{{Parathyroid disease}}

{{Adrenal gland disorder}}

{{Gonadal disorder}}

{{Growth disorder}}

{{Disorders involving multiple endocrine glands}}

{{Disease groups}}