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16:14, 7 June 2025 FuzzyBot talk contribs created page Translations:Black pepper/10/en (Importing a new version from external source) Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
16:14, 7 June 2025 FuzzyBot talk contribs created page Translations:Black pepper/9/en (Importing a new version from external source) Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
16:14, 7 June 2025 FuzzyBot talk contribs created page Translations:Black pepper/8/en (Importing a new version from external source) Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
16:14, 7 June 2025 FuzzyBot talk contribs created page Translations:Black pepper/7/en (Importing a new version from external source) Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
16:14, 7 June 2025 FuzzyBot talk contribs created page Translations:Black pepper/6/en (Importing a new version from external source) Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
16:14, 7 June 2025 FuzzyBot talk contribs created page Translations:Black pepper/5/en (Importing a new version from external source) Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
16:14, 7 June 2025 FuzzyBot talk contribs created page Translations:Black pepper/4/en (Importing a new version from external source) Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
16:14, 7 June 2025 FuzzyBot talk contribs created page Translations:Black pepper/3/en (Importing a new version from external source) Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
16:14, 7 June 2025 FuzzyBot talk contribs created page Translations:Black pepper/2/en (Importing a new version from external source) Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
16:14, 7 June 2025 FuzzyBot talk contribs created page Translations:Black pepper/1/en (Importing a new version from external source) Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
16:14, 7 June 2025 FuzzyBot talk contribs created page Translations:Black pepper/Page display title/en (Importing a new version from external source) Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
16:14, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs marked Black pepper for translation
16:14, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs set the priority languages for translatable page Black pepper to Japanese
16:10, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Category:Piper (plant) (Created page with "{{Cat main}} {{Commons cat|Piper}} Category:Piperaceae Category:Peppers {{CatAutoTOC}}")
16:10, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Category:Pepper trade (Created page with "{{portal|Indonesia}} Category:Trade routes Category:Economic history of India Category:History of Sumatra Category:Salem, Massachusetts Category:Peppers Category:Trade by commodity")
16:10, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Category:Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (Created page with "{{Commons cat|Monoamine oxidase inhibitors}} {{Cat main|Monoamine oxidase inhibitor}} Category:Antidepressants Category:Psychoactive drugs by mechanism of action Category:Oxidoreductase inhibitors {{CatAutoTOC}}")
16:09, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Category:Essential oils (Created page with "{{Cat main|Essential oil}} This category includes all essential oils such as Tea tree oil, obtained by distillation from plant materials. It does not include specific constituents of those oils (e.g., limonene)- these should be listed under the appropriate sub-category of Category:Organic compounds. {{Commons category|Essential oils}} Category:Vegetable oils Category:Natural products Category:Perfumes Category:Perfume ingredients ...")
16:09, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Category:Crops originating from India (Created page with "Category:History of agriculture in India India Category:Flora of India India")
16:06, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page beermaking (Q22383) (wbeditentity-create:2|en: beermaking, the production of beer, starting with the selection of the ingredients, its fermentation into alcohol, and the bottling of the finished liquid)
16:05, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page brewing (Q22382) (wbeditentity-create:2|en: brewing, process in the production of beer, ale, or other beverages)
16:04, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Piper nigrum (Q22381) (wbeditentity-create:2|en: Piper nigrum, species of plant)
16:02, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Template:Transient receptor potential channel modulators/ja (Created page with "{{Navbox | name = Transient receptor potential channel modulators/ja | title = {{abbr|TRP/ja|一過性受容体電位}}チャネルモジュレーター | state = {{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}} | listclass = hlist | groupstyle = text-align:center; | group1 = {{abbr|TRPA|Transient receptor potential ankyrin channel/ja}}<!--TRPA1, unless otherwise specified--...")
15:24, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Template:Transient receptor potential channel modulators (Created page with "{{Navbox | name = Transient receptor potential channel modulators | title = {{abbr|TRP|Transient receptor potential}} channel modulators | state = {{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}} | listclass = hlist | groupstyle = text-align:center; | group1 = {{abbr|TRPA|Transient receptor potential ankyrin channel}} | list1 = {{Navbox|child...")
15:23, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Template:Wikispecies-inline (Created page with "{{sister-inline|project=wikispecies|list={{{list|}}}|links={{{links|[[Wikispecies:{{{1|Special:Search/{{PAGENAME}}}}}|{{{2|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}]]}}}|extratext={{{extratext|}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude>")
12:21, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Template:Taxonomy/Magnoliids (Created page with "<noinclude> </noinclude>{{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=clade |link=Magnoliids |always_display=true |parent=Angiosperms }}")
12:21, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Template:Taxonomy/Piperales (Created page with "{{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=ordo |link=Piperales |parent=Magnoliids |refs={{Cite journal|author=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group|year=2016|title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=181|issue=1|pages=1–20|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/boj.12385/epdf|format=PDF|issn=00244074|doi=10.1111/boj.12385}} }}")
12:20, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Template:Taxonomy/Piperaceae (Created page with "{{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |parent=Piperales |rank=familia |link=Piperaceae |refs={{Cite journal|author=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group|year=2016|title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=181|issue=1|pages=1–20|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/boj.12385/epdf|format=PDF|issn=00244074|doi=10.1111/boj.12385}} }}")
12:20, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Template:Taxonomy/Piperoideae (Created page with "{{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=subfamilia |link=Piperoideae |parent=Piperaceae |refs= }}")
12:19, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Template:Taxonomy/Piper (Created page with "{{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=genus |link=Piper (plant)|Piper |parent=Piperoideae |refs= }}")
12:19, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Black pepper (Created page with "{{Short description|Ground fruit of the family Piperaceae}} {{Speciesbox | image = Piper_nigrum_-_Köhler–s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-107.jpg | image_caption = Pepper plant with immature peppercorns | genus = Piper | species = nigrum | authority = L. }} '''Black pepper''' ('''''Piper nigrum''''') is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit (the '''peppercorn'''), which is usually dried and used as a...")
12:04, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Translations:Mortar and pestle/40/ja (Created page with "==利点{{Anchor|Advantages}}== 乳鉢と乳棒、すなわち乳棒で叩き潰すという方法は、物質が低いエネルギーで粉砕されるため、物質が熱くならないという利点がある。")
12:04, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Translations:Mortar and pestle/39/ja (Created page with "最初の自動乳鉢粉砕機は、1923年にF.クルト・レッチュによって発明され、彼にちなんで「レッチュミル」と名付けられた。")
12:03, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Translations:Mortar and pestle/38/ja (Created page with "==自動乳鉢粉砕機{{Anchor|Automatic mortar grinder}}== 手動での粉砕では結果の再現性が低いため、ほとんどの研究室では自動乳鉢粉砕機を使用している。粉砕時間と乳鉢の圧力を調整・固定できるため、時間と労力を節約できる。")
12:03, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Translations:Mortar and pestle/37/ja (Created page with "その他に使用される素材には、石（多くは大理石や瑪瑙）、木材（吸収性が高い）、竹、鉄、鋼、真鍮、そして玄武岩がある。古いブドウの木から作られた乳鉢と乳棒のセットは、食卓で塩と胡椒を挽くのに信頼性が高いことが証明されている。乳鉢をきれいにするために、生米が乳鉢...")
12:01, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Translations:Mortar and pestle/36/ja (Created page with "粗いセラミック製の乳鉢と乳棒のセットは、物質を非常に細かい粉末にするのに使えるが、簡単に染色され、脆い。磁器製の乳鉢は、粒子サイズを小さくするのに役立つ粗い表面を与えるために、砂を挽いて使用前に調整されることがある。ガラス製の乳鉢と乳棒は壊れやすいが、染色に強く、液体での使用に適している。しかし、セラミック製ほど細...")
12:01, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Translations:Mortar and pestle/35/ja (Created page with "==素材{{Anchor|Material}}== 優れた乳鉢と乳棒を作る素材は、粉砕される物質によって摩耗するのではなく、それを粉砕できるほど硬くなければならない。また、あまりに脆いと、搗いたり挽いたりする際に壊れてしまうので、脆すぎてもいけない。素材は凝集性がある必要があり、乳鉢や乳棒の小さな破片が材料に混ざらないようにしなければならない。滑...")
11:59, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Translations:Mortar and pestle/34/ja (Created page with "西アフリカでは、何世紀にもわたって大きな木製の乳鉢と乳棒が穀物の脱穀に使われてきた。奴隷にされたアフリカ人がアメリカ大陸に連れてこられた際、彼らはこの技術とその使用法に関する知識を持参した。ミドルパッセージの間、一部の奴隷船は籾殻のついた米を積んでおり、奴隷にされたアフリカ人女性は、消費のためにそれ...")
11:59, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Translations:Mortar and pestle/33/ja (Created page with "フィリピンでは、乳鉢と乳棒は特に米の籾殻取りと関連付けられている。注目すべき伝統的な乳鉢と乳棒は、船の形をした「''bangkang pinawa''」または「''bangkang pangpinawa''」であり、文字通り「精白されていない米のための船（''バンカ''）」を意味し、通常はモラベやその他の硬材のブロックから...")
11:58, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Translations:Mortar and pestle/32/ja (Created page with "===籾殻と脱穀=== {{further/ja|Husk/ja#Husking and dehulling}} alt=上部に木製の杵が横たわる大きな木製の臼。|thumb|[[:en:South Carolina|サウスカロライナ州のブライアーズ農園で発見された木製の臼と杵。米の貯蔵庫で発見され、脱穀に使用されたと推測される。]] 発展途上国では、穀物の籾殻や脱穀に、依然として大きな乳鉢と乳棒が一般的に...")
11:58, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Translations:Mortar and pestle/31/ja (Created page with "マレー語では「''batu lesung''」として知られている。西アジアでは、長い（2〜3フィート）木製の乳棒を持つ大きな石製の乳鉢が、ある種のミートローフやキッベ、またマサバチャとして知られるフムスを作るために肉を挽くのに使われた。:en:Indonesia|インドネシ...")
11:56, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Translations:Mortar and pestle/30/ja (Created page with "日本では、餅を作るのに非常に大きな乳鉢と木製の杵が使われる。通常のサイズの日本の乳鉢と乳棒は、それぞれ「すり鉢」と「すりこぎ」と呼ばれる。花崗岩製の乳鉢と乳棒は東南アジア、パキスタン、インドで使われ...")
11:55, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Translations:Mortar and pestle/29/ja (Created page with "===食材の調理=== thumb|left|upright|インドの伝統的な乳鉢と乳棒 upright|thumb|フィリピンの古代の乳鉢と乳棒、「バンカ・ピナワ」（文字通り「精白米の船」）乳鉢は、ワカモレ、フムス、ペスト（その名前は乳棒で潰すことから派生している）などの湿った、または油っぽい食材の調...")
11:53, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Translations:Mortar and pestle/28/ja (Created page with "乳鉢と乳棒は、薬物器具としても使用され、経口摂取時の吸収を速めるために錠剤を粉砕したり、経鼻摂取の準備のために使用される。液体剤形で入手できない微粉砕された薬剤も、経静脈栄養や経鼻胃管による人工栄養を必要とする患者の場合に...")
11:52, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Translations:Mortar and pestle/27/ja (Created page with "製薬用途では、乳鉢と乳棒の頭部は通常磁器でできており、乳棒の柄は木材でできている。これはウェッジウッドの乳鉢と乳棒として知られており、1759年に誕生した。今日では、材料を混ぜ合わせたり、粒子サイズを小さくしたりする行為はトリチュレーションとして知られている。")
11:52, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Translations:Mortar and pestle/26/ja (Created page with "乳鉢と乳棒は、調合薬を調製する前に様々な材料を砕くために、薬局で伝統的に使用されてきた。乳鉢と乳棒は、アスクレピオスの杖、緑の十字などと並んで、薬学の最も広く普及している象徴の一つである。")
11:51, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Translations:Mortar and pestle/25/ja (Created page with "===医学=== thumb|upright|right|象徴的な[[apothecary/ja|薬局の乳鉢と乳棒。処方箋の記号'''{{not a typo|℞}}'''が表示されている]]")
11:50, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Translations:Mortar and pestle/24/ja (Created page with "== 用途{{Anchor|Uses}} ==")
11:50, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Translations:Mortar and pestle/23/ja (Created page with "現代の薬局、特にドイツでは、今でも乳鉢と乳棒をロゴとして使用している。")
11:50, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Translations:Mortar and pestle/22/ja (Created page with "様々なアジアの神話や民間伝承には、乳鉢と乳棒を使って「不老不死の薬」（または餅を作るための米）の材料を加工する月のウサギという共通のテーマがある。")
11:50, 7 June 2025 Fire talk contribs created page Translations:Mortar and pestle/21/ja (Created page with "ロシアや東欧の民間伝承では、バーバ・ヤーガは大きな木製の乳鉢（ストゥーパ）の中に立って森の中を飛び、片手には目の前の障害物を取り除くための長い木製の乳棒を持ち、もう一方の手には自分の痕跡を消すための箒を持って飛んでいると描写され、絵に描かれている。これは、バーバ・ヤーガの魔女の象徴と、中世の無学な人々に...")

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