Bacillus subtilis/ja: Difference between revisions

Line 202:

~~<div lang~~=~~"en" dir~~=~~"ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">~~

===20世紀===

=~~==20th century~~===

[[Image:Bacillus subtilis Gram.jpg|thumb|right|グラム染色された''枯草菌'']]

[[Image:Bacillus subtilis Gram.jpg|thumb|right|~~Gram-stained~~ ''~~B. subtilis~~'']]

~~Cultures of~~ ''~~B. subtilis~~'' ~~were popular worldwide, before the introduction of~~ [[antibiotics]]~~, as an immunostimulatory agent to aid treatment of~~ [[gastrointestinal]] ~~and~~ [[urinary tract]] ~~diseases. It was used throughout the 1950s as an [[alternative medicine]], which upon digestion has been found to significantly stimulate~~ [[Broad-spectrum therapeutic|~~broad-spectrum immune activity~~]] ~~including activation of secretion of specific~~ [[antibodies]] [[IgM]], [[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]] ~~and~~ [[IgA]] ~~and release of~~ [[CpG dinucleotide]]~~s inducing~~ [[interferon]] [[IFN-α]]/[[IFNγ]] ~~producing activity of~~ [[~~leukocytes~~]] ~~and~~ [[~~cytokines~~]] ~~important in the development of~~ [[cytotoxicity]] ~~towards [[tumor cells]]. It was marketed throughout America and Europe from 1946 as an immunostimulatory aid in the treatment of gut and urinary tract diseases such as~~ [[Rotavirus]] ~~and~~ [[Shigellosis]]~~. In 1966, the U.S. Army dumped~~ ''bacillus subtilis'' onto the grates of New York City subway stations for five days in order to observe people's reactions when coated by a strange dust. Due to its ability to survive, it is thought to still be present there.

~~</div>~~

@@ Line 202: / Line 202: @@
 {{Anchor|Uses}}
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+===20世紀===
-===20th century===
+[[Image:Bacillus subtilis Gram.jpg|thumb|right|グラム染色された''枯草菌'']]
-[[Image:Bacillus subtilis Gram.jpg|thumb|right|Gram-stained ''B. subtilis'']]
+''枯草菌''の培養液は、[[antibiotics/ja|抗生物質]]が登場する以前には、[[gastrointestinal/ja|消化管]]や[[urinary tract/ja|尿路]]疾患の治療を助ける免疫賦活剤として世界的に普及していた。1950年代を通じて代替医療として使用されており、消化されると[[Broad-spectrum therapeutic/ja|広範囲の免疫活性]]を顕著に刺激し、特定の[[antibodies/ja|抗体]]（[[IgM/ja|IgM]]、[[Immunoglobulin G/ja|IgG]]、[[IgA/ja|IgA]]）の分泌の活性化や[[CpG dinucleotide/ja|CpGジヌクレオチド]]の放出による[[leukocytes/ja|白血球]]の[[interferon/ja|インターフェロン]] [[IFN-α/ja|IFN-α]]/[[IFNγ/ja|IFNγ]]産生活性、[[cytokines/ja|サイトカイン]]の放出を含む免疫活性を引き起こし、[[tumor cells/ja|腫瘍細胞]]への[[cytotoxicity/ja|細胞毒性]]の発達に重要な働きをする。1946年からアメリカとヨーロッパで免疫刺激補助剤として販売され、[[Rotavirus/ja|ロタウイルス]]や[[Shigellosis/ja|赤痢]]などの腸管および尿路疾患の治療に使用されました。1966年、米軍はニューヨーク市の地下鉄駅の格子に5日間''bacillus subtilis''を撒き、不思議な塵に覆われた際の人々の反応を観察した。その生存能力から、今もそこに存在していると考えられている。
-Cultures of ''B.&nbsp;subtilis'' were popular worldwide, before the introduction of [[antibiotics]], as an immunostimulatory agent to aid treatment of [[gastrointestinal]] and [[urinary tract]] diseases. It was used throughout the 1950s as an [[alternative medicine]], which upon digestion has been found to significantly stimulate [[Broad-spectrum therapeutic|broad-spectrum immune activity]] including activation of secretion of specific [[antibodies]] [[IgM]], [[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]] and [[IgA]] and release of [[CpG dinucleotide]]s inducing [[interferon]] [[IFN-α]]/[[IFNγ]] producing activity of [[leukocytes]] and [[cytokines]] important in the development of [[cytotoxicity]] towards [[tumor cells]]. It was marketed throughout America and Europe from 1946 as an immunostimulatory aid in the treatment of gut and urinary tract diseases such as [[Rotavirus]] and [[Shigellosis]]. In 1966, the U.S. Army dumped ''bacillus subtilis'' onto the grates of New York City subway stations for five days in order to observe people's reactions when coated by a strange dust. Due to its ability to survive, it is thought to still be present there.
-</div>
 <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">