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| | {{Fats/ja}} |
| {{short description|carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic chain, either saturated or unsaturated}}
| | [[Image:rasyslami.jpg|thumb|right|300px|いくつかの脂肪酸の三次元表現。[[Saturated and unsaturated compounds/ja|飽和]]脂肪酸は完全な直鎖構造を持つ。[[Unsaturated compound/ja|不飽和]]のものは、[[#Unsaturated fatty acids|トランス]]配置でない限り、一般的に曲がっている。]] |
| {{Fats}} | | [[chemistry/ja|化学]]、特に[[biochemistry/ja|生化学]]において、'''脂肪酸'''とは[[aliphatic/ja|脂肪族]]鎖を持つ[[carboxylic acid/ja|カルボン酸]]であり、[[saturated and unsaturated compounds/ja#Organic chemistry|飽和または不飽和]]のいずれかである。天然に存在する脂肪酸のほとんどは、4から28までの偶数の炭素原子を持つ[[Branched chain fatty acids/ja|非分岐鎖]]を持つ。脂肪酸は微細藻類のようないくつかの種では脂質の主要成分（最大70重量％）であるが、他のいくつかの生物では単独の形では見られず、代わりに3つの主要なクラスの[[ester/ja|エステル]]として存在する： [[triglyceride/ja|トリグリセリド]]、[[phospholipid/ja|リン脂質]]、[[cholesteryl ester/ja|コレステリルエステル]]である。これらのいずれの形態においても、脂肪酸は動物にとって重要な[[diet (nutrition)/ja|食事]]燃料源であると同時に、[[cell (biology)/ja|細胞]]にとって重要な構造成分でもある。 |
| [[Image:rasyslami.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Three-dimensional representations of several fatty acids. [[Saturated and unsaturated compounds|Saturated]] fatty acids have perfectly straight chain structure. [[Unsaturated compound|Unsaturated]] ones are typically bent, unless they have a [[#Unsaturated fatty acids|trans]] configuration.]] | |
| In [[chemistry]], particularly in [[biochemistry]], a '''fatty acid''' is a [[carboxylic acid]] with an [[aliphatic]] chain, which is either [[saturated and unsaturated compounds#Organic chemistry|saturated or unsaturated]]. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an [[Branched chain fatty acids|unbranched chain]] of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Fatty acids are a major component of the lipids (up to 70% by weight) in some species such as microalgae but in some other organisms are not found in their standalone form, but instead exist as three main classes of [[ester]]s: [[triglyceride]]s, [[phospholipid]]s, and [[cholesteryl ester]]s. In any of these forms, fatty acids are both important [[diet (nutrition)|dietary]] sources of fuel for animals and important structural components for [[cell (biology)|cells]].
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