Benfotiamine: Difference between revisions
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'''Benfotiamine''' ([[International Nonproprietary Name|rINN]], or '''''S''-benzoylthiamine ''O''-monophosphate''') is a synthetic, fat-soluble, ''S''-acyl derivative of [[thiamine]] (vitamin B1) that is approved in some countries as a medication or [[dietary supplement]] to treat [[diabetic neuropathy|diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy]]. Benfotiamine was developed in late 1950s in Japan. | '''Benfotiamine''' ([[International Nonproprietary Name|rINN]], or '''''S''-benzoylthiamine ''O''-monophosphate''') is a synthetic, fat-soluble, ''S''-acyl derivative of [[thiamine]] (vitamin B1) that is approved in some countries as a medication or [[dietary supplement]] to treat [[diabetic neuropathy|diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy]]. Benfotiamine was developed in late 1950s in Japan. | ||
==Uses== | ==Uses== <!--T:3--> | ||
Benfotiamine is primarily marketed as an [[over-the-counter drug]] to treat diabetic polyneuropathy. A 2021 review described two clinical trials with positive results for diabetic polyneuropathy and concluded that more research is needed. | Benfotiamine is primarily marketed as an [[over-the-counter drug]] to treat diabetic polyneuropathy. A 2021 review described two clinical trials with positive results for diabetic polyneuropathy and concluded that more research is needed. | ||
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As of 2017, benfotiamine was marketed as a [[pharmaceutical drug]] in many countries under the following brand names: Benalgis, Benfogamma, Benforce, Benfotiamina, Biotamin, Biotowa, Milgamma, and Vilotram. It was also marketed in some jurisdictions as a [[combination drug]] with [[cyanocobalamin]] as Milgamma, in combination with [[pyridoxine]] as Milgamma, in combination with [[metformin]] as Benforce-M, and with [[thiamine]] as Vitafos. | As of 2017, benfotiamine was marketed as a [[pharmaceutical drug]] in many countries under the following brand names: Benalgis, Benfogamma, Benforce, Benfotiamina, Biotamin, Biotowa, Milgamma, and Vilotram. It was also marketed in some jurisdictions as a [[combination drug]] with [[cyanocobalamin]] as Milgamma, in combination with [[pyridoxine]] as Milgamma, in combination with [[metformin]] as Benforce-M, and with [[thiamine]] as Vitafos. | ||
==Adverse effects== | ==Adverse effects== <!--T:5--> | ||
There is little published data on adverse effects. In one study of a combination of benfotiamine, pyridoxine, and cyanocobalamin, around 8% of people taking the drug experienced nausea, dizziness, stomach ache and weight gain. | There is little published data on adverse effects. In one study of a combination of benfotiamine, pyridoxine, and cyanocobalamin, around 8% of people taking the drug experienced nausea, dizziness, stomach ache and weight gain. | ||
==Pharmacology== | ==Pharmacology== <!--T:6--> | ||
Benfotiamine is dephosphorylated to S-benzoylthiamine by ecto-alkaline phosphatases present in the intestinal mucosa, and is then hydrolyzed to thiamine by [[thioesterase]]s in the liver. Benfotiamine is more bioavailable than thiamine salts, providing higher levels of thiamine in muscle, brain, liver, and kidney. | Benfotiamine is dephosphorylated to S-benzoylthiamine by ecto-alkaline phosphatases present in the intestinal mucosa, and is then hydrolyzed to thiamine by [[thioesterase]]s in the liver. Benfotiamine is more bioavailable than thiamine salts, providing higher levels of thiamine in muscle, brain, liver, and kidney. | ||
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Benfotiamine mainly acts on peripheral tissues through an increase in transketolase activity. | Benfotiamine mainly acts on peripheral tissues through an increase in transketolase activity. | ||
==Chemistry== | ==Chemistry== <!--T:8--> | ||
Benfotiamine is a lipid derivative of thiamine, specifically a synthetic S-acyl [[Vitamin B1 analogue|Vitamin B<sub>1</sub> analogue]]; its chemical name is S-benzoylthiamine O-monophosphate. It has very low solubility in water or other aqueous solvents. | Benfotiamine is a lipid derivative of thiamine, specifically a synthetic S-acyl [[Vitamin B1 analogue|Vitamin B<sub>1</sub> analogue]]; its chemical name is S-benzoylthiamine O-monophosphate. It has very low solubility in water or other aqueous solvents. | ||
==Research== | ==Research== <!--T:9--> | ||
Benfotiamine has been studied in laboratory models of [[diabetic retinopathy]], [[neuropathy]], and [[nephropathy]]. A 2021 review of its use for diabetic polyneuropathy described two clinical trials which showed improvements in neuropathic pain and neuropathic symptoms scores, the latter of which showed a dose-response effect. The authors concluded that it could potentially serve as an economical supplement to enhance neuropathy treatment and that more research is needed. | Benfotiamine has been studied in laboratory models of [[diabetic retinopathy]], [[neuropathy]], and [[nephropathy]]. A 2021 review of its use for diabetic polyneuropathy described two clinical trials which showed improvements in neuropathic pain and neuropathic symptoms scores, the latter of which showed a dose-response effect. The authors concluded that it could potentially serve as an economical supplement to enhance neuropathy treatment and that more research is needed. | ||
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Administration of benfotiamine may increase intracellular levels of [[thiamine diphosphate]], a cofactor of [[transketolase]]. Based on metabolic theories of [[Alzheimer's disease]], since thiamine-dependent processes are critical in glucose metabolism and are diminished in brains of Alzheimer's disease patients at autopsy, and since treatment of mouse models of Alzheimer's disease with benfotiamine diminishes plaques, decreases phosphorylation of tau and reverses memory deficits, benfotiamine administration has been proposed as a possible intervention to reverse biological and clinical processes of Alzheimer's disease. | Administration of benfotiamine may increase intracellular levels of [[thiamine diphosphate]], a cofactor of [[transketolase]]. Based on metabolic theories of [[Alzheimer's disease]], since thiamine-dependent processes are critical in glucose metabolism and are diminished in brains of Alzheimer's disease patients at autopsy, and since treatment of mouse models of Alzheimer's disease with benfotiamine diminishes plaques, decreases phosphorylation of tau and reverses memory deficits, benfotiamine administration has been proposed as a possible intervention to reverse biological and clinical processes of Alzheimer's disease. | ||
== See also == | == See also == <!--T:11--> | ||
* [[Vitamin B1 analogues|Vitamin B<sub>1</sub> analogues]] | * [[Vitamin B1 analogues|Vitamin B<sub>1</sub> analogues]] | ||
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{{Vitamins}} | {{Vitamins}} | ||
{{Neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia pharmacotherapies}} | {{Neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia pharmacotherapies}} | ||
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{{二次利用|date=6 January 2024}} | {{二次利用|date=6 January 2024}} | ||
[[Category:Aminopyrimidines]] | [[Category:Aminopyrimidines]] | ||
Latest revision as of 09:19, 3 April 2024
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| Clinical data | |
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| Trade names | Milgamma |
| Other names | S-Benzoylthiamine O-monophosphate |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | International Drug Names |
| Routes of administration | Oral |
| ATC code | |
| Legal status | |
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| Identifiers | |
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| CAS Number | |
| PubChem CID | |
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| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C19H23N4O6PS |
| Molar mass | 466.45 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
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  (what is this?) (verify) | |
Benfotiamine (rINN, or S-benzoylthiamine O-monophosphate) is a synthetic, fat-soluble, S-acyl derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) that is approved in some countries as a medication or dietary supplement to treat diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Benfotiamine was developed in late 1950s in Japan.
Uses
Benfotiamine is primarily marketed as an over-the-counter drug to treat diabetic polyneuropathy. A 2021 review described two clinical trials with positive results for diabetic polyneuropathy and concluded that more research is needed.
As of 2017, benfotiamine was marketed as a pharmaceutical drug in many countries under the following brand names: Benalgis, Benfogamma, Benforce, Benfotiamina, Biotamin, Biotowa, Milgamma, and Vilotram. It was also marketed in some jurisdictions as a combination drug with cyanocobalamin as Milgamma, in combination with pyridoxine as Milgamma, in combination with metformin as Benforce-M, and with thiamine as Vitafos.
Adverse effects
There is little published data on adverse effects. In one study of a combination of benfotiamine, pyridoxine, and cyanocobalamin, around 8% of people taking the drug experienced nausea, dizziness, stomach ache and weight gain.
Pharmacology
Benfotiamine is dephosphorylated to S-benzoylthiamine by ecto-alkaline phosphatases present in the intestinal mucosa, and is then hydrolyzed to thiamine by thioesterases in the liver. Benfotiamine is more bioavailable than thiamine salts, providing higher levels of thiamine in muscle, brain, liver, and kidney.
Benfotiamine mainly acts on peripheral tissues through an increase in transketolase activity.
Chemistry
Benfotiamine is a lipid derivative of thiamine, specifically a synthetic S-acyl Vitamin B1 analogue; its chemical name is S-benzoylthiamine O-monophosphate. It has very low solubility in water or other aqueous solvents.
Research
Benfotiamine has been studied in laboratory models of diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. A 2021 review of its use for diabetic polyneuropathy described two clinical trials which showed improvements in neuropathic pain and neuropathic symptoms scores, the latter of which showed a dose-response effect. The authors concluded that it could potentially serve as an economical supplement to enhance neuropathy treatment and that more research is needed.
Administration of benfotiamine may increase intracellular levels of thiamine diphosphate, a cofactor of transketolase. Based on metabolic theories of Alzheimer's disease, since thiamine-dependent processes are critical in glucose metabolism and are diminished in brains of Alzheimer's disease patients at autopsy, and since treatment of mouse models of Alzheimer's disease with benfotiamine diminishes plaques, decreases phosphorylation of tau and reverses memory deficits, benfotiamine administration has been proposed as a possible intervention to reverse biological and clinical processes of Alzheimer's disease.
See also
 | この記事は、クリエイティブ・コモンズ・表示・継承ライセンス3.0のもとで公表されたウィキペディアの項目Benfotiamine(6 January 2024編集記事参照)を素材として二次利用しています。 Item:Q21696  |