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Blood sugar level/ja: Difference between revisions

Blood sugar level/ja
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Created page with "{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- ! colspan="3" style="background:orange; color:black;" | I. 化学的手法 |- ! colspan="3" style="background:lightblue; color:black;" | A. 酸化還元反応 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:white; color:black;" | <math>\mathrm{Glucose} + \mathrm{Alkaline\ copper\ tartarate}\xrightarrow{\mathrm{Reduction}} \mathrm{Cuprous\ oxide} </math> |- ! width="900pt" colspan="3" | 1. アルカリ銅還元 |- | フォリン..."
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===臨床的相関===
===Clinical correlation===
空腹時血糖値は、8時間の絶食後に測定され、全体的なグルコースホメオスタシスを示す最も一般的な指標である。グルコース値に影響を及ぼす病態を下表に示す。これらの検査結果の異常は、グルコース調節の多重制御機構に問題があるためである。
The fasting blood glucose level, which is measured after a fast of 8 hours, is the most commonly used indication of overall glucose homeostasis, largely because disturbing events such as food intake are avoided. Conditions affecting glucose levels are shown in the table below. Abnormalities in these test results are due to problems in the multiple control mechanism of glucose regulation.
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糖質負荷に対する代謝反応は、食事またはブドウ糖負荷の2時間後に測定される食後グルコース値によって簡便に評価される。さらに、標準化された量の経口ブドウ糖摂取後の数回の時間測定からなるブドウ糖負荷試験は、[[diabetes/ja|糖尿病]]の診断の補助に使用される。
The metabolic response to a carbohydrate challenge is conveniently assessed by a postprandial glucose level drawn 2 hours after a meal or a glucose load. In addition, the glucose tolerance test, consisting of several timed measurements after a standardized amount of oral glucose intake, is used to aid in the diagnosis of [[diabetes]].
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血糖測定システムの誤差率は、検査室や使用される方法によって異なる。比色測定法は、試験片の色の変化（おそらく空気中や指に付着した汚染物質による）、または光源や光センサーとの干渉（着色汚染物質など）によって偏る可能性がある。電気技法はこれらの誤差の影響を受けにくいが、他の誤差の影響を受けやすいわけではない。家庭で使用する場合、最も重要な問題は精度ではなく、傾向である。したがって、測定器／試験紙システムが常に10％間違っていたとしても、変化（例えば、運動や医薬品の調整による）が適切に追跡される限り、ほとんど影響はない。米国では、家庭用血液検査メーターを販売するには、連邦[[Food and Drug Administration/ja|食品医薬品局]]の承認を得なければならない。
Error rates for blood glucose measurements systems vary, depending on laboratories, and on the methods used. Colorimetry techniques can be biased by color changes in test strips (from airborne or finger-borne contamination, perhaps) or interference (e.g., tinting contaminants) with light source or the light sensor. Electrical techniques are less susceptible to these errors, though not to others. In home use, the most important issue is not accuracy, but trend. Thus if a meter / test strip system is consistently wrong by 10%, there will be little consequence, as long as changes (e.g., due to exercise or medication adjustments) are properly tracked. In the US, home use blood test meters must be approved by the federal [[Food and Drug Administration]] before they can be sold.
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最後に、食事摂取以外にも血糖値に影響を与えるものがいくつかある。例えば、感染症は血糖値を変化させる傾向があるし、肉体的あるいは心理的なストレスも同様である。運動、特に長時間の運動や最近の食後長時間経過した運動も影響を及ぼす。一般的な人であれば、血糖値をほぼ一定に保つことは非常に効果的である。
Finally, there are several influences on blood glucose level aside from food intake. Infection, for instance, tends to change blood glucose levels, as does stress either physical or psychological. Exercise, especially if prolonged or long after the most recent meal, will have an effect as well. In the typical person, maintenance of blood glucose at near constant levels will nevertheless be quite effective.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ '''Causes of abnormal glucose levels'''
|+ '''グルコース値異常の原因'''
! style="background:#ffdfae;" | Persistent hyperglycemia
! style="background:#ffdfae;" | 持続性高血糖
! style="background:#ffdfae;" | Transient hyperglycemia
! style="background:#ffdfae;" | 一過性高血糖
! style="background:#ffdfae;" | Persistent hypoglycemia
! style="background:#ffdfae;" | 持続性低血糖
! style="background:#ffdfae;" | Transient hypoglycemia
! style="background:#ffdfae;" | 一過性高血糖
|-
|-
| colspan="4" style="background-color:lightblue; color:black;" | Reference range, [[fasting blood glucose]] (FBG): 70–110&nbsp;mg/dL
| colspan="4" style="background-color:lightblue; color:black;" | 基準範囲、[[fasting blood glucose/ja|空腹時血糖]]（FBG）：70～110&nbsp;mg/dL
|-
|-
| [[Diabetes]] mellitus
| [[Diabetes/ja]]
| [[Pheochromocytoma]]
| [[Pheochromocytoma/ja]]
| [[Insulinoma]]
| [[Insulinoma/ja]]
| Acute [[alcohol intoxication]] or ingestion
| 急性[[alcohol intoxication/ja|アルコール中毒]]または摂取
|-
|-
| Adrenal cortical hyperactivity [[Cushing's syndrome]]
| 副腎皮質機能亢進症[[Cushing's syndrome/ja|クッシング症候群]]
| Severe [[liver disease]]
| 重度の[[liver disease/ja|肝臓病]]
| Adrenal cortical insufficiency [[Addison's disease]]
| 副腎皮質機能不全[[Addison's disease/ja|アジソン病]]
| Drugs: [[salicylates]], antituberculosis agents
| 薬物： [[salicylates/ja|サリチル酸塩]]、抗結核薬
|-
|-
| [[Hyperthyroidism]]
| [[Hyperthyroidism/ja]]
| [[Stress hyperglycemia|Acute stress reaction]]
| [[Stress hyperglycemia/ja|急性ストレス反応]]
| [[Hypopituitarism]]
| [[Hypopituitarism/ja]]
| Severe [[liver disease]]
| 重度の[[liver disease/ja|肝臓病]]
|-
|-
| [[Acromegaly]]
| [[Acromegaly/ja]]
| [[Shock (circulatory)|Shock]]
| [[Shock (circulatory)/ja|ショック]]
| [[Galactosemia]]
| [[Galactosemia/ja]]
| Several [[glycogen storage diseases]]
| 重度の[[glycogen storage diseases/ja]]
|-
|-
| [[Obesity]]
| [[Obesity/ja]]
| [[Convulsions]]
| [[Convulsions/ja]]
| [[Ectopic hormone]] production from tumors
| 腫瘍からの[[Ectopic hormone/ja|異所性ホルモン]]産生
| [[Hereditary fructose intolerance]]
| [[Hereditary fructose intolerance/ja]]
|}
|}
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== こちらも参照 ==
== See also ==
* [[Blood glucose monitoring/ja]]
* [[Blood glucose monitoring]]
* [[Glycemic index/ja]]
* [[Glycemic index]]
* [[Boronic acid/ja#Boronic acids in supramolecular chemistry|ボロン酸による糖認識]]
* [[Boronic acid#Boronic acids in supramolecular chemistry|Saccharide recognition by boronic acids]]
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&nbsp;
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
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== さらに読む ==
== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |first=John Bernard |last=Henry | name-list-style = vanc |title=Clinical diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods |edition=20th |publisher=Saunders |location=Philadelphia |year=2001 |isbn=978-0721688640 }}
* {{cite book |first=John Bernard |last=Henry | name-list-style = vanc |title=Clinical diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods |edition=20th |publisher=Saunders |location=Philadelphia |year=2001 |isbn=978-0721688640 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Levine R | title = Monosaccharides in health and disease | journal = Annual Review of Nutrition | volume = 6 | pages = 211–24 | year = 1986 | pmid =  3524617| doi = 10.1146/annurev.nu.06.070186.001235 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Levine R | title = Monosaccharides in health and disease | journal = Annual Review of Nutrition | volume = 6 | pages = 211–24 | year = 1986 | pmid =  3524617| doi = 10.1146/annurev.nu.06.070186.001235 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Röder PV, Wu B, Liu Y, Han W | title = Pancreatic regulation of glucose homeostasis | journal = Experimental & Molecular Medicine | volume = 48 | issue = 3, March | pages = e219 | date = March 2016 | pmid = 26964835 | pmc = 4892884 | doi = 10.1038/emm.2016.6 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Röder PV, Wu B, Liu Y, Han W | title = Pancreatic regulation of glucose homeostasis | journal = Experimental & Molecular Medicine | volume = 48 | issue = 3, March | pages = e219 | date = March 2016 | pmid = 26964835 | pmc = 4892884 | doi = 10.1038/emm.2016.6 }}
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==外部リンク==
==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121113144108/http://www.acb.org.uk/docs/NHLM/Glucose.pdf Glucose (blood, serum, plasma): analyte monograph] – The Association for Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121113144108/http://www.acb.org.uk/docs/NHLM/Glucose.pdf グルコース（血液、血清、血漿）：分析物モノグラフ] – 臨床生化学・検査医学会
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{{Disease of the pancreas and glucose metabolism/ja}}
{{Disease of the pancreas and glucose metabolism}}
{{Blood tests/ja}}
{{Blood tests}}
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{{二次利用|date=18 February 2024}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Blood Sugar}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Blood Sugar}}
[[Category:Blood tests]]
[[Category:Blood tests]]
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[[Category:Diagnostic endocrinology]]
[[Category:Diagnostic endocrinology]]
[[Category:Human homeostasis]]
[[Category:Human homeostasis]]
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