Asian cuisine/ja: Difference between revisions

{{Short description|Culinary traditions of Asia}}

{{Culture of Asia sidebar}}

[[File:Asia (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|Location of [[Asia]]]]

'''Asian cuisine''' encompasses several significant regional cooking styles of [[Asia]]: Central Asian, East Asian, North Asian, South Asian, Southeast Asian, and West Asian. Cuisine is a distinctive way of cooking practices and customs, usually associated with a specific [[culture]]. Asia, as the largest and most populous [[continent]], is home to many cultures, each with its own characteristic cuisine. Asian cuisine, also known as Eastern cuisine, is considered the "culture of food within a society" due to the beliefs, cooking methods, and the specific ingredients used throughout the entire process. Asian cuisines are also renowned for their spices. A key taste factor in Asian cuisine is “umami” flavor, a strong savoriness prominent  in Asian cooking, which can be achieved through fermented food or meat extract.

Ingredients common to many cultures in [[East Asia|East]] and [[Southeast Asia]] include rice, ginger, garlic, sesame seeds, chilis, dried onions, soy, and tofu. [[Stir frying]], steaming, and [[deep frying]] are common cooking methods.

While rice is common to most Asian cuisines, different varieties are popular in the various regions. [[Glutinous rice]] is ingrained in the culture, religious tradition and national identity of [[Laos]]. Basmati rice is popular in the [[Indian subcontinent]], [[jasmine rice]] is often found across [[Southeast Asia]], while long-grain rice is popular in China and short-grain in Japan and Korea.

[[Curry]] is a common dish in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia. Curry dishes have their origins in the Indian subcontinent. Countries in Indochina typically use a coconut milk base in their curries; countries in Southwest Asia typically use a yogurt base.

== Historical timeline ==

== Central Asian cuisine ==

{{Main|Central Asian cuisine}}

Central Asia (orthographic projection).svg|Location of [[Central Asia]].

Most Central Asian nations have similar cuisines to each other as well as their neighbors, taking many features of the neighboring cuisines of West and East Asia, particularly [[Iran]] and [[Mongolia]].  A dish known as "plov", or "osh", for example, is a widespread variation of [[pilaf]]. However, many of the same countries use [[horse meat]] and [[mutton]] as the most common meats, similar to [[beef]]. This is owing to [[Mongolian cuisine]]. In [[Kazakhstan]] and [[Kyrgyzstan]], the cuisine has evolved to meet the needs of a nomad lifestyle.

[[Kumis]] is a widespread drink among [[Turkic peoples]], especially in Central Asia.

Central Asia is also noted for being the birthplace of [[yogurt]]. Like kumis, it is widespread among Turkic peoples.

== East Asian cuisine ==

{{Main|East Asian cuisine}}

East Asia (orthographic projection).svg|Location of [[East Asia]].

East Asian cuisine includes [[Chinese cuisine|Chinese]], [[Hong Kong cuisine|Hong Kong]], [[Japanese cuisine|Japanese]], [[Korean cuisine|Korean]], [[Macanese cuisine|Macanese]], [[Mongolian cuisine|Mongolian]], [[Taiwanese cuisine|Taiwanese]], and [[Tibetan cuisine|Tibetan]] food. Considering this is the most populated region of the world, it has many regional cuisines (especially in China). Examples of staple foods include [[rice]], [[noodle]]s, [[mung bean]]s, [[soybean]]s, [[seafood]] (Japan has the highest per capita consumption of seafood), [[mutton]] (Mongolia), [[bok choy]] (Chinese cabbage), and [[tea]].

== North Asian cuisine==

North Asia (orthographic projection).svg|Location of [[North Asia]].

North Asian cuisine is often synonymous with [[Russian cuisine]], due to all of North Asia being a part of the Russian Federation. However, some cultures or areas of Siberia have in-depth cuisine, such as the [[Yakuts]] (or Sakha) and [[Yamal cuisine]]. [[Buryats]] also have their own cuisine, although it is very similar to that of the related [[Mongolian cuisine|Mongolians]].

[[Pelmeni]], originally a [[Great Perm|Permic]] or [[Yugra|Ugric]] dish, has entered into mainstream Russian cuisine as a well-known dish, but it can still be considered part of the Yamal cuisine for its area of origin.  Some speculate them to be a simplified version of the Chinese [[wonton]].  In [[Siberia]], pelmeni is frozen outdoors to preserve the meat inside throughout the long winter.  In [[Yamal Peninsula|Yamal]], other types of drying and preservation are common.  Key ingredients in most northern Siberian cuisine include fish and [[Vaccinium vitis-idaea|cowberries]], sometimes known as lingonberries in Europe and North America.  Yakuts, like many other [[Turkic peoples|Turkic-speaking peoples]], traditionally enjoy [[kumis]] as a common drink.

== South Asian cuisine ==

{{Main|South Asian cuisine}}

File:South Asia (orthographic projection) without national boundaries, with ambiguities indicated.svg|Location of South Asia

South Asian cuisine includes [[cuisine]]s from the [[Indian subcontinent]]. Food items in this region are generally rich in spices, however it also caters a blend of multi-cuisine culture from all across the world. Food is flavored with various types of chili, black pepper, cloves, condiments and other herbs and spices. Use of flavored butter and [[ghee]] is prominent in many places. Turmeric, coriander, and cumin are often used to make curries.

The multitude is inclined more towards the usage of mustard, groundnut, sunflower and soybean oil for cooking. Usage of refined oil to make [[Puri (food)|pooris]] is quite famous.  [[Puri bhaji]], [[idli]], [[Dosa (food)|dosa]], [[dal baati]], and [[Litti (cuisine)|litti]] are among the most popular and representative dishes of Indian cuisines.

Vegetables are generally eaten with a type of bread called [[chapati]], which is the staple food of the region. Rice is generally taken with [[dal]] to moisten it in northern India, or with curd in southern India.

Common meats include lamb, goat, fish, and chicken. As cattle are considered sacred in [[Hinduism]], [[beef]] is less common than in [[Western world|Western]] cuisines. Prohibitions against beef extend to the meat of cows, and [[yak]]s to some extent. [[Pork]] is considered a [[haram]] by all Muslims, and is avoided by some Hindus. Other minorities also prohibit the use of meat to abjure violence. Fish is commonly used in South India, Sri Lanka and the Bengal region, i.e. Bangladesh and the West Bengal state of India. The Northern region diet mostly consists of wheat and other major crops.

== Southeast Asian cuisine ==

{{Main|Southeast Asian cuisine}}

Southeast Asia (orthographic projection).svg|Location of [[Southeast Asia]].

Southeast Asian cuisine includes a strong emphasis on lightly prepared dishes with a strong aromatic component that features such flavors as citrus and herbs such as [[Kaffir lime|lime]], [[coriander]]/[[cilantro]] and [[basil]]. Ingredients in the region contrast with the ones in the East Asian cuisines, substituting [[fish sauce]]s for sauce and the inclusion of ingredients such as [[galangal]], [[tamarind]] and [[lemongrass]]. Cooking methods include a balance of [[stir-frying]], boiling and steaming.

== West Asian cuisine ==

{{Main|West Asian cuisine}}

Western Asia (orthographic projection).svg|Location of [[West Asia]].

West Asian cuisine significantly overlaps with the Middle Eastern cuisine and the inclusion of the [[South Caucasus]].

West Asian cuisine is the [[cuisine]] of the various countries and peoples of West Asia. The cuisine of the region is diverse while having a degree of homogeneity. Some commonly used ingredients include [[olive]]s and [[olive oil]], [[pita]]s, [[honey]], [[sesame]] seeds, [[Phoenix dactylifera|date]]s, [[sumac]], [[chickpea]]s, [[mentha|mint]] and [[parsley]]. Some popular dishes include [[kibbeh]] and [[shawarma]].

Cereals constitute the basis of West Asian diet, both historically and today. [[Wheat]] and [[rice]] are the major and preferred sources of staple foods. [[Barley]] is also widely used in the region and [[maize]] has become common in some areas as well. Bread is a universal staple, eaten in one form or another by all classes and groups practically at every meal.

Lamb and mutton have always been the favored meats of West Asia. Pork is prohibited in both Islam and Judaism, and as such is rarely eaten in the region. Prominent among the meat preparations are grilled meats, or [[kebab]]s. Meat and vegetable stews, served with rice, bulgur, or bread, are another form of meat preparation in the region.

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== See also ==

* [[List of Asian cuisines]]

{{Asian topic|| cuisine}}{{Asia topics}}{{Cuisine}}

{{二次利用|date=24 May 2025, at 09:54}}