ジペプチジルペプチダーゼ-4阻害剤

Revision as of 19:37, 12 March 2024 by Fire (talk | contribs) (Created page with "==事例== {{Anchor|Examples}} このクラスに属する薬物は以下の通りである: * シタグリプチン (FDAは2006年に承認、Merck & Co.Januvia/jaとして販売している) * ビルダグリプチン(2007年EU承認、EUではNovartisがGalvusとして販売している) * サキサグリプチン(2009年FDA承認、オングリザとして販売されている) * Linaglipti...")

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor/ja

ジペプチジルペプチダーゼ4阻害薬DPP-4 inhibitorまたはgliptins)は、経口血糖降下薬の一種であり、ブロック薬である。酵素ジペプチジルペプチダーゼ-4(DPP-4)を阻害する。これらは2型糖尿病の治療に使用できる。

DPP-4阻害薬とGLP-1

このクラスの最初の薬物であるシタグリプチンは、2006年にFDAによって承認された。

グルカゴン血糖値を上昇させ、DPP-4阻害薬はグルカゴンと血糖値を低下させる。DPP-4阻害薬の機序は、インクレチンレベル(GLP-1GIP)を増加させ、グルカゴン放出を阻害し、その結果、インスリン分泌を増加させ、胃排出を減少させ、血糖値を低下させる。

2018年のメタアナリシスでは、2型糖尿病患者の全死亡、心血管死亡、心筋梗塞脳卒中に対するDPP-4阻害薬の好ましい効果は認められなかった。

事例

このクラスに属する薬物は以下の通りである:

Other chemicals which may inhibit DPP-4 include:

  • Berberine, an alkaloid found in plants of the genus Berberis, inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase-4 which may at least partly explains its antihyperglycemic activity.

Adverse effects

In those already taking sulphonylureas, there is an increased risk of low blood sugar when taking a medicine in the DPP-4 drug class.

Adverse effects include nasopharyngitis, headache, nausea, heart failure, hypersensitivity and skin reactions.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is warning that the type 2 diabetes medicines like sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin may cause joint pain that can be severe and disabling. FDA has added a new Warning and Precaution about this risk to the labels of all medicines in this drug class, called dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. However, studies assessing risk of rheumatoid arthritis among DPP-4 inhibitor users have been inconclusive.

A 2014 review found increased risk of heart failure with saxagliptin and alogliptin, prompting the FDA in 2016 to add warnings to the relevant drug labels.

A 2018 meta analysis showed that use of DPP-4 inhibitors was associated with a 58% increased risk of developing acute pancreatitis compared with placebo or no treatment.

A 2018 observational study suggested an elevated risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (specifically, ulcerative colitis), reaching a peak after three to four years of use and decreasing after more than four years of use.

A 2020 Cochrane systematic review did not find enough evidence of reduction of all-cause mortality, serious adverse events, cardiovascular mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke or end-stage renal disease when comparing metformin monotherapy to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Cancer

In response to a report of precancerous changes in the pancreases of rats and organ donors treated with the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin, the United States FDA and the European Medicines Agency each undertook independent reviews of all clinical and preclinical data related to the possible association of DPP-4 inhibitors with pancreatic cancer. In a joint letter to the New England Journal of Medicine, the agencies stated that they had not yet reached a final conclusion regarding a possible causative relationship.

A 2014 meta-analysis found no evidence for increased pancreatic cancer risk in people treated with DPP-4 inhibitors, but owing to the modest amount of data available, was not able to completely exclude possible risk.

Combination drugs

Some DPP-4 inhibitor drugs have received approval from the FDA to be used with metformin concomitantly with additive effect to increase the level of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) which also decreases hepatic glucose production.