ペダン料理

ナシカパウ料理の数々。ミナンカバウ州ブキティンギの料理。

パダン料理またはミナンカバウ料理は、インドネシアの西スマトラ州に住むミナンカバウ族の料理である。東南アジア海洋部で最も人気のある料理の一つであり、西スマトラ州の州都パダンにちなんで、インドネシア全土で「masakan Padang」として知られている。インドネシアの都市では主にperantauan（移住した）ミナンカバウ族の人々が所有するレストランで提供されており、パダン料理はインドネシアの都市で至る所で見られ、隣接するマレーシア、フィリピン、ブルネイ、シンガポールでも人気がある。

パダン料理はココナッツミルクと辛い唐辛子の使用で有名である。ミナン料理は主に3つの要素で構成されている。グライ（カレー）、lado（唐辛子）、bareh（米）である。インドネシア料理の伝統の中で、ミナンカバウ料理とほとんどのスマトラ料理は、インド料理や中東料理の影響を受けており、カレーソースとココナッツミルク、そして多種多様なスパイスミックスで調理される料理が特徴である。

パダンレストランのウェイターは、hidangスタイルで料理を提供する際に、複数の皿を両手で運ぶ並外れた技術で知られている。

ほとんどのミナンカバウ族はムスリムであるため、ミナンカバウ料理はハラルの食事規定を厳格に遵守している。ほとんどのタンパク質は牛肉、鶏肉、スイギュウ、ヤギ、子羊、羊肉、家禽、魚から摂取される。ミナンカバウ族は内臓を含む牛の肉製品を好むことで知られており、牛のほとんどすべての部位がミナンカバウ料理に使用される^[4]。魚介類は西スマトラ州の沿岸都市で人気があり、ほとんどが辛い唐辛子ソースやカレーソースでグリルまたは揚げられる。魚、エビ、イカも同様に調理される。ほとんどのミナンカバウ料理は、温かい蒸しご飯またはkatupek（クトゥパット）のような圧縮米と共に食べられる。野菜は、茹でたキャッサバの葉のように茹でられるか、若いジャックフルーツやキャベツのグライのように副菜として薄いカレーで煮込まれることが多い。

語源

インドネシアおよび周辺国で広く使われている俗語としての「パダン料理」という言葉は、しばしば西スマトラのミナンカバウ族の料理の伝統全般を指すことが多い。しかし、西スマトラの料理の中心地であるブキティンギのようなミナンカバウ内陸部の都市では、この言葉はほとんど使われず、代わりに「ミナン料理」または「ミナンフード」と呼ばれる。これは、多くのミナンカバウのnagari（郡）が独自の料理の遺産に誇りを持っていることや、パダンのパダンライスとブキティンギのカパウライスに違いがあるためである。

パダン料理店

パダン料理店では、手で食べるのが一般的である。通常、kobokanと呼ばれる、ライムのスライスが入った水道水のボウルが提供され、さわやかな香りを与える。この水は、食事の前後に手を洗うのに使われる。素手で食べたくない場合は、スプーンとフォークを頼むこともできる。

The food is usually cooked once per day. When eating nasi Padang (Padang rice) in restaurants, customers choose from various dishes which are left on display in high-stacked plates in the windows. In a dine-in hidang style Padang restaurant, after the customers are seated, they do not have to order. Rather, the waiter sets the table with dozens of small dishes filled with various dishes. Customers take only what they want from this array, and they pay only for what they take. The best known Padang dish is rendang, a spicy meat stew. Soto Padang (crispy beef in spicy soup) is commonly eaten for breakfast, while sate (beef satay in curry sauce served with ketupat) is served in the evening.

The serving style is different in nasi kapau food stalls, a Minangkabau Bukittinggi style. After the customer is seated, he or she orders specific dishes, which will be put directly upon the steamed rice or in separate small plates.

There are many Padang food establishments throughout Indonesia and surrounding countries, according to Ikatan Warung Padang Indonesia (Iwapin) or Warung Padang Bonds. In greater Jakarta alone there are at least 20,000 Padang restaurant establishments. Several notable Minangkabau restaurant chains are Sederhana, Garuda, Pagi Sore, Simpang Raya, Sari Ratu, Sari Bundo, Payakumbuah and Natrabu.

• Padang cuisine
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  Padang cuisine served in a beach stall in Gandoriah Beach, Pariaman. Dishes in coastal areas of West Sumatra are mostly sea produce, such as fishes and prawns.
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  The hidang style Padang food served at Sederhana restaurant; all of the bowls of food are laid out in front of customer. The customer only pays for whatever bowl they eat from.
• 
  An array of Padang dishes arranged in a restaurant window.

List of Padang foods

Minangkabau cuisine

Asam padeh

Ayam pop

Dendeng balado

Gulai

Rendang

Lemang

Udang balado

Roti canai

Roti jala

Keripik sanjay

Dakak-dakak

Teh talua

Dishes

The cooking method of gulai, which employing certain ingredients; meat, poultry, vegetables, fish or seafood simmered and slowly cooked in coconut milk, spice mixture and chili pepper, formed the backbone of Minangkabau cooking tradition. The thick golden, yellowish, succulent and spicy gulai sauce has become the hallmark of Padang restaurants' window displays everywhere. In Padang, smart cooking means the capability of preparing gulai. Randang (beef simmered in coconut milk and spices), asam padeh (sour and spicy stew) and kalio (watery and light-colored gravy) are just a few variations of Padang gulai.

• Asam padeh, sour and spicy fish stew dish.
• Ayam bakar, grilled spicy chicken.
• Ayam balado, chicken in chili.
• Ayam bumbu, chicken with spices.
• Ayam goreng, fried chicken with spicy granules.
• Ayam lado ijo, chicken in green chili.
• Ayam percik, grilled chicken with a spicy, curry-like sauce.
• Ayam pop, Padang-style chicken, boiled/steamed and later fried. While fried chicken is golden brown, ayam pop is light-colored.
• Balado, chili paste similar to sambal with large sliced chili pepper, usually stir fried together with main ingredients.
• Baluik goreng, crispy fried small freshwater eel.
• Bubur kampiun, porridge made from rice flour mixed with brown sugar.
• Daun ubi tumbuk, cassava leaves in coconut milk.
• Dendeng, thinly sliced dried meat.
• Dendeng balado, thin crispy beef with chili.
• Dendeng batokok, thin strips of pounded and softened grilled beef .
• Gulai, curry dish with main ingredients might be poultry, goat meat, beef, mutton, various kinds of offal, fish and seafood, and also vegetables such as cassava leaves and unripe jackfruit.
• Gulai ati, gulai of cow liver.
• Gulai ayam, chicken gulai.
• Gulai babek, gulai babat, or gulai paruik kabau, gulai of cow tripes.
• Gulai banak, gulai of cow brain.
• Gulai cancang, gulai of meats and cow internal organs.
• Gulai gajeboh, cow fat gulai.
• Gulai tambusu or gulai usus, gulai of cow intestines usually filled with eggs and tofu.
• Gulai itik, duck gulai.
• Gulai jariang, jengkol stinky bean gulai.
• Gulai kepala ikan, fish head gulai.
• Gulai kambiang, mutton gulai.
• Gulai kepala ikan kakap merah, red snapper's head gulai.
• Gulai limpo, gulai of cow spleen.
• Gulai sumsum, gulai of cow bone marrow.
• Gulai tunjang, gulai of cow foot tendons.
• Gulai talua, boiled eggs gulai.
• Gulai udang, shrimp gulai.
• Ikan bilih, fried small freshwater fish of the genus Mystacoleucus.
• Kalio, similar to rendang; while rendang is rather dry, kalio is watery and light-colored.
• Kepiting saus padang, seafood dish of crab served in hot and spicy Padang sauce.
• Ketupat, rice dumpling made from rice packed inside a diamond-shaped container of woven palm leaf pouch.
• Lele goreng, fried catfish.
• Lemang mixture of sticky rice, coconut milk and pandan in thin bamboo (talang).
• Martabak, stuffed pancake or pan-fried bread, sometimes filled with beef and scallions.
• Martabak kubang, Minangkabau-style of murtabak from Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra. It is Arab–Indian–Minangkabau fusion dish.
• Nasi briyani, flavoured rice dish cooked or served with mutton, chicken, vegetable or fish curry.
• Nasi kapau, steamed rice topped with various choices of dishes originated from Bukittinggi, West Sumatra.
• Nasi kari or nasi gulai, rice and curry.
• Nasi padang, steamed rice served with various choices of pre-cooked dishes.
• Palai, Minangkabau variants of pepes.
• Paru goreng, fried cow lung.
• Pergedel jaguang, corn fritters.
• Petai goreng, fried green stinky bean (Parkia speciosa).
• Rajungan goreng, crispy fried crab.
• Rendang, chunks of beef stewed in spicy coconut milk and chili gravy, cooked well until dried. Other than beef, rendang ayam (chicken rendang), rendang itiak (duck rendang), rendang lokan (mussel rendang), and number of other varieties can be found.
• Roti canai, a thin unleavened bread with a flaky crust, fried on a skillet with oil and served with condiments or curry.
• Roti jala, the name is derived from the Malay word roti (bread) and jala (net). A special ladle with a five-hole perforation used to make the bread looks like a fish net. It is usually eaten as an accompaniment to a curried dish, or served as a sweet with serawa. Serawa is made from a mixture of boiled coconut milk, brown sugar and pandan leaves.
• Sambal lado tanak, sambal with coconut milk, anchovies, green stinky bean and spices.
• Sarikayo, jam made from a base of coconut milk, eggs and sugar.
• Satay, dish of seasoned, skewered and grilled meat, served with a sauce.
• Sate padang, Padang-style of satay, skewered barbecued meat with thick yellow sauce.
• Soto, traditional soup mainly composed of broth, meat and vegetables.
• Soto padang, a soup of beef.
• Talua balado, egg in chili.
• Terong balado, eggplant in chili.
• Udang balado, shrimp in chili.

Snacks and desserts

A plate of Minangese snacks, usually served in weddings or family gatherings.

• Galamai, sweets made of rice flour, palm sugar and coconut milk. This snack similar to dodol.
• Keripik balado, cassava cracker coated with hot and sweet chilli paste.
• Keripik sanjai, sliced cassava chips.
• Kerupuk jangek, cow's skin krupuk.
• Kue putu, traditional cylindrical-shaped and green-colored steamed cake.
• Lupis, sweet cake made of glutinous rice, banana leaves, coconut, and palm sugar sauce.
• Peyek, deep-fried savoury crackers.
• Peyek udang, shrimp rempeyek.
• Pinyaram, traditional cake made from mixture of white sugar or palm sugar, white rice flour or black rice, and coconut milk.
• Roti tisu, thinner version of the traditional roti canai.
• Serabi, traditional pancake that is made from rice flour with coconut milk or shredded coconut.
• Tapai, fermented sticky rice.
• Lopek sarikayo, sticky and chewy snack made from glutinous rice.
• Wajik, diamond-shaped compressed sweet glutinous rice cake.

Beverages

Es ampiang dadiah, Minang yogurt served with shaved ice and palm sugar.

• Cindua, sweet dessert that contains droplets of green rice flour jelly, mixed of lupis, durian, ampiang, and doused with palm sugar.
• Dadiah, fermented buffalo milk akin to yogurt.
• Es campur, cold and sweet dessert concoction of fruit cocktails, coconut, tapioca pearls, grass jellies, etc. and served in shaved ice, syrup and condensed milk.
• Es tebak, mixed of avocado, jack fruit, tebak, shredded and iced with sweet thick milk
• Teh talua, mixture of tea and egg.
• Teh tarik, hot milk tea beverage.

In popular culture

• A task of The Amazing Race 21 requires a team member to balance several plates of hidang-style dishes to be delivered to a table of customers of a Padang restaurant in Surabaya.
• Indonesian film Tabula Rasa (2014), describes a Minang family which run a Rumah Makan Padang (Padang food restaurant) that hires an aspiring Papuan football player who struggles in Jakarta as their cook.

See also

• Indonesian cuisine
• Malay cuisine
• Javanese cuisine
• Sundanese cuisine
• Philippine cuisine
• Thai cuisine
• Sri Owen, the primary interpreter of Indonesian cuisine to the English-speaking world, was born at the heart of Minangkabau culture