Protein poisoning/ja: Difference between revisions

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Created page with "'''タンパク質中毒'''(口語では'''ウサギ飢餓'''、'''マル・ド・カリブー'''、'''脂肪飢餓'''とも呼ばれる、 または'''脂肪飢餓''')とは、脂肪炭水化物が欠乏した食事によって引き起こされる栄養失調急性型であり、生物学的に利用可能なカロリーのほとんどすべてがlean meat/ja|赤身肉..."
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Created page with "''ウサギの飢餓''"という用語は、ウサギの肉が脂肪が非常に少なく、そのほとんどが骨格筋タンパク質から消化されたアミノ酸に由来するカロリーであるため、それを単独で摂取するとタンパク質中毒を引き起こす可能性があることから生まれている。報告された症状には初期のnausea/ja|吐..."
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'''タンパク質中毒'''(口語では'''ウサギ飢餓'''、'''マル・ド・カリブー'''、'''脂肪飢餓'''とも呼ばれる、 または'''脂肪飢餓''')とは、[[fat/ja|脂肪]]と[[carbohydrate/ja|炭水化物]]が欠乏した食事によって引き起こされる[[malnutrition/ja|栄養失調]]の[[acute (medicine)/ja|急性]]型であり、生物学的に利用可能な[[calorie/ja|カロリー]]のほとんどすべてが[[lean meat/ja|赤身肉]]に含まれる[[protein (nutrient)/ja|タンパク質]]に由来する。この概念は[[Paleoanthropology/ja|古人類学]]、特に[[:en:Last Glacial Maximum|最終氷期最盛期]]と高緯度地域における[[Pleistocene human diet/ja|古代人の食事]]の調査の文脈で議論される。
'''タンパク質中毒'''(口語では'''ウサギ飢餓'''、'''マル・ド・カリブー'''、'''脂肪飢餓'''とも呼ばれる、 または'''脂肪飢餓''')とは、[[fat/ja|脂肪]]と[[carbohydrate/ja|炭水化物]]が欠乏した食事によって引き起こされる[[malnutrition/ja|栄養失調]]の[[acute (medicine)/ja|急性]]型であり、生物学的に利用可能な[[calorie/ja|カロリー]]のほとんどすべてが[[lean meat/ja|赤身肉]]に含まれる[[protein (nutrient)/ja|タンパク質]]に由来する。この概念は[[Paleoanthropology/ja|古人類学]]、特に[[:en:Last Glacial Maximum|最終氷期最盛期]]と高緯度地域における[[Pleistocene human diet/ja|古代人の食事]]の調査の文脈で議論される。


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''ウサギの飢餓''"という用語は、[[rabbit/ja|ウサギ]]の肉が脂肪が非常に少なく、そのほとんどが[[skeletal muscle/ja|骨格筋]][[protein/ja|タンパク質]]から消化された[[amino acid/ja|アミノ酸]]に由来するカロリーであるため、それを単独で摂取するとタンパク質中毒を引き起こす可能性があることから生まれている。報告された[[symptom/ja|症状]]には初期の[[nausea/ja|吐き気]][[fatigue/ja|疲労]]、その後の[[diarrhea/ja|下痢]]、最終的には[[death/ja|死亡]]が含まれる。
The term ''rabbit starvation'' originates from the fact that [[rabbit]] meat is very low in fat, with almost all of its [[caloric content]] from the [[amino acid]]s digested out of [[skeletal muscle]] [[protein]], and therefore is a food which, if consumed exclusively, would cause protein poisoning. The reported [[symptom]]s include initial [[nausea]] and [[fatigue]], followed by [[diarrhea]] and ultimately [[death]].
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Revision as of 18:52, 25 February 2024

赤身のうさぎ肉

タンパク質中毒(口語ではウサギ飢餓マル・ド・カリブー脂肪飢餓とも呼ばれる、 または脂肪飢餓)とは、脂肪炭水化物が欠乏した食事によって引き起こされる栄養失調急性型であり、生物学的に利用可能なカロリーのほとんどすべてが赤身肉に含まれるタンパク質に由来する。この概念は古人類学、特に最終氷期最盛期と高緯度地域における古代人の食事の調査の文脈で議論される。

ウサギの飢餓"という用語は、ウサギの肉が脂肪が非常に少なく、そのほとんどが骨格筋タンパク質から消化されたアミノ酸に由来するカロリーであるため、それを単独で摂取するとタンパク質中毒を引き起こす可能性があることから生まれている。報告された症状には初期の吐き気疲労、その後の下痢、最終的には死亡が含まれる。

Observations

In Appian's Roman History, Volume I, Book VI: The Wars in Spain, Chapter IX, page 223, the author notes a multitude of Roman soldiers dying of severe diarrhea after eating mostly rabbits while besieging the city Intercatia in approx 150 B.C. Appian wrote:

... strange terror in the Roman camp. Their soldiers were sick from watching and want of sleep, and because of the unaccustomed food which the country afforded. They had no wine, no salt, no vinegar, no oil, but lived on wheat and barley, and quantities of venison and rabbits' flesh boiled without salt, which caused dysentery, from which many died.

The explorer Vilhjalmur Stefansson is said to have lived for years exclusively on game meat and fish, with no ill effects. The same is true for his fellow explorer Karsten Anderson. As part of his promotion of meat-only diet modeled on Inuit cuisine, and to demonstrate the effects, in New York City beginning in February 1928, Stefansson and Anderson "lived and ate in the metabolism ward of Russell Sage Institute of Pathology of Bellevue Hospital, New York" for a year, with their metabolic performance closely observed, all this partly funded by the Institute of American Meat Packers. Researchers hoping to replicate Stefansson's experience with rabbit starvation in the field urged him to cut the fat intake in his all-meat diet to zero. He did, and experienced a much quicker onset of diarrhea than in the field. With fat added back in, Stefansson recovered, although with a 10-day period of constipation afterwards. The study reported finding no previous medical literature examining either the effects of meat-only diets, which appear to be sustainable, or on rabbit starvation, which is fatal.

Stefansson wrote:

The groups that depend on the blubber animals are the most fortunate in the hunting way of life, for they never suffer from fat-hunger. This trouble is worst, so far as North America is concerned, among those forest Indians who depend at times on rabbits, the leanest animal in the North, and who develop the extreme fat-hunger known as rabbit-starvation. Rabbit eaters, if they have no fat from another source—beaver, moose, fish—will develop diarrhea in about a week, with headache, lassitude and vague discomfort. If there are enough rabbits, the people eat till their stomachs are distended; but no matter how much they eat they feel unsatisfied. Some think a man will die sooner if he eats continually of fat-free meat than if he eats nothing, but this is a belief on which sufficient evidence for a decision has not been gathered in the North. Deaths from rabbit-starvation, or from the eating of other skinny meat, are rare; for everyone understands the principle, and any possible preventive steps are naturally taken.

A World War II-era Arctic survival booklet issued by the Flight Control Command of the United States Army Air Forces included this emphatic warning: "Because of the importance of fats, under no conditions limit yourself to a meat diet of rabbit just because they happen to be plentiful in the region where you are forced down. A continued diet of rabbit will produce rabbit starvation -- diarrhea will begin in about a week and if the diet is continued DEATH MAY RESULT."

Physiology

The U.S. and Canadian Dietary Reference Intake review for protein mentions "rabbit starvation", but concluded that there was not sufficient evidence by 2005 to establish a tolerable upper intake level, i.e., an upper limit for how much protein can be safely consumed.

According to Bilsborough and Mann in 2006, protein intake is mainly restricted by the urea cycle, but deriving more than 35% of energy needs from protein leads to health problems. They suggested an upper limit of 25% or 2-2.5 g/kg, "corresponding to 176 g protein per day for an 80 kg individual", but stated that humans can theoretically use much larger amounts than this for energy. For arctic hunter-gatherers, the amount can seasonally increase to 45%.

See also


Further reading

  • Speth, John D. (2010). "The Other Side of Protein". The Paleoanthropology and Archaeology of Big-Game Hunting. Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology. pp. 45–85. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6733-6_4. ISBN 978-1-4419-6732-9.