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Message definition (Poultry ) Since their domestication, a large number of breeds of chickens have been established, but with the exception of the [[Leghorn (chicken)|white Leghorn]], most commercial birds are of [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrid]] origin. In about 1800, chickens began to be kept on a larger scale, and modern high-output poultry farms were present in the United Kingdom from around 1920 and became established in the United States soon after the [[World War II|Second World War]]. By the mid-20th century, the [[poultry industry|poultry meat-producing industry]] was of greater importance than the egg-laying industry. Poultry breeding has produced breeds and strains to fulfil different needs; light-framed, egg-laying birds that can produce 300 eggs a year; fast-growing, fleshy birds destined for consumption at a young age, and utility birds which produce both an acceptable number of eggs and a well-fleshed carcase. Male birds are unwanted in the egg-laying industry and can often be identified as soon as they are hatch for subsequent culling. In meat breeds, these birds are sometimes castrated (often chemically) to prevent aggression. The resulting bird, called a [[capon]], has more tender and flavorful meat, as well. [[File:Cockfight Santangelo MAN Napoli.jpg|thumb|right|Roman mosaic depicting a cockfight]] A [[Bantam (poultry)|bantam]] is a small variety of domestic chicken, either a miniature version of a member of a standard [[breed]], or a "true bantam" with no larger counterpart. The name derives from the town of [[Banten (town)|Bantam]] in Java where European sailors bought the local small chickens for their shipboard supplies. Bantams may be a quarter to a third of the size of standard birds and lay similarly small eggs. They are kept by small-holders and hobbyists for egg production, use as broody hens, ornamental purposes, and showing.
家畜化以来、数多くのニワトリ品種が確立されたが、白色レグホーン を除き、商業鶏の大半は雑種 起源である。およそ1800年に飼育は大規模化し、近代的な高生産の養鶏場は1920年頃にはイギリスに存在し、第二次世界大戦 後まもなくアメリカ合衆国でも確立した。20世紀半ばまでには、家禽肉生産産業 が採卵産業より重要になった。家禽育種は多様な需要を満たす品種・系統を生み出しており、年間300個の卵を産む軽量の採卵鶏、若齢での消費を目的とした急成長で肉付きの良い鶏、そして卵数と肉付きの双方が実用的な鶏などがある。雄鶏は採卵産業では望まれず、孵化直後に識別され淘汰されることが多い。肉用種では攻撃性を防ぐため、しばしば(化学的去勢を含め)去勢されることがあり、その結果生じる鳥はカポン と呼ばれ、肉はより柔らかく風味も良い。
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チャボ は家禽ニワトリの小型品種であり、標準品種 のミニチュア版か、対応する大型種をもたない「真のチャボ」である。この名称はジャワのバンテン の町に由来し、そこで欧州の船乗りが船上補給のために地元の小型鶏を購入したことにちなむ。チャボは標準種の4分の1から3分の1の大きさで、同様に小さな卵を産む。小規模農家や愛好家により、採卵、抱卵用、観賞用、ショー用として飼育されている。