Translations:Blood sugar level/39/ja: Difference between revisions

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Created page with "{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- ! colspan="3" style="background:orange; color:black;" | I. 化学的手法 |- ! colspan="3" style="background:lightblue; color:black;" | A. 酸化還元反応 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:white; color:black;" | <math>\mathrm{Glucose} + \mathrm{Alkaline\ copper\ tartarate}\xrightarrow{\mathrm{Reduction}} \mathrm{Cuprous\ oxide} </math> |- ! width="900pt" colspan="3" | 1. アルカリ銅還元 |- | フォリン..."
 
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Latest revision as of 15:09, 21 February 2024

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Message definition (Blood sugar level)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! colspan="3" style="background:orange; color:black;" | I. Chemical methods
|-
! colspan="3" style="background:lightblue; color:black;" | A. Oxidation-reduction reaction
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:white; color:black;" | <math>\mathrm{Glucose} + \mathrm{Alkaline\ copper\ tartarate}\xrightarrow{\mathrm{Reduction}} \mathrm{Cuprous\ oxide} </math>
|-
! width="900pt" colspan="3" | 1. Alkaline copper reduction
|-
| Folin-Wu method
| style="background-color:white; color:black;" | <math>\mathrm{Cu}^{2+} + \mathrm{Phosphomolybdic\ acid}\xrightarrow{\mathrm{Oxidation}} \mathrm{Phosphomolybdenum\ oxide}</math>
| Blue end-product
|-
| Benedict's method
| colspan="2" style="background-color:white; color:black;" |
* Modification of Folin–Wu method for qualitative urine glucose.
|-
| Nelson–Somogyi method
| style="background-color:white; color:black;" | <math>\mathrm{Cu}^{2+} + \mathrm{Arsenomolybdic\ acid}\xrightarrow{\mathrm{Oxidation}} \mathrm{Arsenomolybdenum\ oxide}</math>
| Blue end-product.
|-
| Neocuproine method
| style="background-color:white; color:black;" | <math>\mathrm{Cu}^{2+} + \mathrm{Neocuproine}\xrightarrow{\mathrm{Oxidation}} \mathrm{Cu}^{2+} \mathrm{neocuproine\ complex} </math>*
| Yellow-orange color neocuproine
|-
| Shaeffer–Hartmann–Somogyi
| style="background-color:white; color:black;" |
* Uses the principle of [[iodine]] reaction with cuprous byproduct.
* Excess I<sub>2</sub> is then titrated with [[thiosulfate]].
|-
! colspan="3" | 2. Alkaline Ferricyanide reduction
|-
| Hagedorn–Jensen
| style="background-color:white; color:black;" | <math>\mathrm{Glucose} + \mathrm{Alkaline\ ferricyanide}\longrightarrow \mathrm{Ferrocyanide}</math>
| Colorless end product; other reducing substances interfere with reaction.
|-
| colspan="3" style="background:lightblue; color:black;" | B. Condensation
|-
| Ortho-toluidine method
| colspan="2" style="background-color:white; color:black;" |
* Uses [[aromatic amine]]s and hot [[acetic acid]].
* Forms [[glycosylamine]] and Schiff's base which is emerald green in color.
* This is the most specific method, but the reagent used is toxic.
|-
| Anthrone (phenols) method
| colspan="2" style="background-color:white; color:black;" |
* Forms hydroxymethyl furfural in hot acetic acid
|-
! colspan="3" style="background:orange; color:black;" | II. Enzymatic methods
|-
! colspan="3" style="background:lightblue; color:black;" | A. Glucose oxidase
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:white; color:black;" |<math>\mathrm{Glucose} + \mathrm{O}_{2}\xrightarrow[\mathrm{Oxidation}] {\mathrm{glucose\ oxidase}}\textrm{D-glucono-1,5-lactone} + \mathrm{H_{2}O_{2}} </math>
|-
| Saifer–Gerstenfeld method
| style="background-color:white; color:black;" | <math>\mathrm{H_{2}O_2} + \textit{O}\text{-dianisidine}\xrightarrow[\mathrm{Oxidation}] {\mathrm{peroxidase}} \mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{oxidized\ chromogen}</math>
| Inhibited by reducing substances like BUA, [[bilirubin]], [[glutathione]], [[ascorbic acid]].
|-
| Trinder method
| colspan="2" style="background-color:white; color:black;" |
* Uses [https://web.archive.org/web/20061214205244/http://www.online-medical-dictionary.org/4-Aminophenazone.asp?q=4-Aminophenazone 4-aminophenazone] oxidatively coupled with phenol.
* Subject to less interference by increases serum levels of [[creatinine]], [[uric acid]] or [[hemoglobin]].
* Inhibited by [[catalase]].
|-
| Kodak Ektachem
| colspan="2" style="background-color:white; color:black;" |
* A dry chemistry method.
* Uses [[spectrophotometry]] to measure the intensity of color through a lower transparent film.
|-
| Glucometer
| colspan="2" style="background-color:white; color:black;" |
* Home monitoring blood glucose assay method.
* Uses a strip impregnated with a glucose oxidase reagent.
|-
! colspan="3" style="background:lightblue; color:black;" | B. Hexokinase
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:white; color:black;" |
<math>\begin{alignat}{2}
  & \mathrm{Glucose} + \mathrm{ATP}\xrightarrow[\mathrm{Phosphorylation}] {\mathrm{Hexokinase} + \mathrm{Mg}^{2+}} \textrm{G-6PO}_4 + \mathrm{ADP} \\
  & \textrm{G-6PO}_4 + \mathrm{NADP}\xrightarrow[\mathrm{Oxidation}] {\textrm{G-6PD}} \textrm{6-Phosphogluconate} + \mathrm{NADPH} + \mathrm{H}^{+} \\
\end{alignat}</math>
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:white; color:black;" |
* [[NADP]] as cofactor.
* NADPH (reduced product) is measured in 340&nbsp;nm.
* More specific than glucose oxidase method due to G-6PO<sub>4</sub>, which inhibits interfering substances except when sample is hemolyzed.
|}
I. 化学的手法
A. 酸化還元反応
Glucose+AlkalinecoppertartarateReductionCuprousoxide
1. アルカリ銅還元
フォリン・ウー法 Cu2++PhosphomolybdicacidOxidationPhosphomolybdenumoxide Blue end-product
ベネディクト法
  • 尿中グルコース定性のためのフォリン・ウーの改良
ネルソン・ソモジ法 Cu2++ArsenomolybdicacidOxidationArsenomolybdenumoxide Blue end-product.
ネオキュプロイン法 Cu2++NeocuproineOxidationCu2+neocuproinecomplex* 黄橙色のネオクプロイン
シェーファー-ハルトマン-ソモギ
2. アルカリ性フェリシアン化物還元
ハゲドーン・イェンセン Glucose+AlkalineferricyanideFerrocyanide 無色の最終生成物。他の還元性物質は反応を妨害する
B. 結露
オルソトルイジン法
アントロン(フェノール)法
  • 高温の酢酸中でヒドロキシメチルフルフラールを生成する
II. 酵素法
A. グルコース酸化酵素
Glucose+O2OxidationglucoseoxidaseDglucono1,5lactone+H2O2
サイファーゲルステンフェルト法 H2O2+O-dianisidineOxidationperoxidaseH2O+oxidizedchromogen BUA、ビリルビングルタチオンアスコルビン酸などの還元性物質によって阻害される
トリンダー法
コダック・エクタセム
  • 乾式化学法
  • 分光光度計を使って、下層の透明フィルムを通して色の強度を測定する
糖度計
  • 在宅モニタリング血糖測定法
  • グルコースオキシダーゼ試薬を含浸させたストリップを使用する
B. ヘキソキナーゼ

Glucose+ATPPhosphorylationHexokinase+Mg2+G6PO4+ADPG6PO4+NADPOxidationG6PD6Phosphogluconate+NADPH+H+

  • NADPを補酵素とする
  • NADPH(還元生成物)は340 nmで測定される
  • G-6PO4によりグルコースオキシダーゼ法よりも特異性が高く、試料が溶血している場合を除いて妨害物質を抑制する