ハンディ
Handi/ja
ハンディ (ヒンディー語: हांड़ी) は、インド亜大陸発祥の銅または土（鍋）でできた調理用容器である。主にインド料理、パキスタン料理、バングラデシュ料理で使われている。
この器は深くて口が広く、インド亜大陸全体でハンディを使って調理される料理が多岐にわたるため、その名称も使用法に応じて様々である。例えば、チキン・ハンディ、ハンディ・パニール、ハンディ・コムディなどがある。
インド亜大陸では地域によって言語や文化に大きな違いがあるため、ハンディにも様々な名称がつけられている。これには「タスラ」、「タスリ」、「カラヒ」、「デグチ」、そして「アハナ」などが含まれる。
ハンディは、アメリカのビーンポット、メキシコやスペインの「オージャ」、フランスの「スピーエル」とも物理的に似ており、これらも調理に関してハンディと同様の方法で利用されている。
また、ヒンドゥー教の神であるクリシュナの誕生を祝うために毎年開催されるダヒ・ハンディ祭りの主要な要素でもある。
ハンディの用途Template:ANchor
ハンディは主に調理目的、特に煮込み料理に利用される。例えば、ハンディで料理を作る場合、蓋は生地で密閉されるため蒸気が逃げず、食品の栄養分が保持される。これにより、食品が自身の水分で調理されることが可能になり、その風味と酸味が強調される。
ハンディで調理される料理
ハンディを使って調理される料理はたくさんあります。多くの料理名には「ハンディ」という言葉が実際に含まれている。これらの料理には次のようなものがある。
ダヒ・ハンディ祭りの意義
ダヒ・ハンディ祭りは、クリシュナ（ヒンドゥー教の神）の誕生を祝うヒンドゥー教の祭事であり、クリシュナ・ジャナマシュタミとしても知られている。この祭りは毎年8月から9月頃に行われ、日付は年によって異なる。
Krishna is believed to be the eighth avatar of the Lord Vishnu, who was born to get Mathura saved from the cruel king Kamsa. He was born of Kamsa’s sister; Devaki, and her husband Vasudeva. However, in order to survive from Kamsa’s cruel and wrathful ways, Krishna was raised by his foster parents Nanda and Yashoda in the village of Gokul, Vrindavan.
There is a legend regarding Lord Krishna. Krishna was raised in a village in northern India, called Vrindavan, in the state of Uttar Pradesh. He used to love a variety of dairy products, especially white butter (Makhan) whilst growing up as a child. Because of this, he even used to steal dairy produce from neighbours in the village, and from surrounding villages too. Due to these activities, Krishna gained the reputation of being a Makhan Chor or Navneet Chor (thief of butter). His foster mother Yashoda started to get frustrated by his stealing habits. Thus she told the women in the village and surrounding villages to tie their dairy produce in a handi, especially Makhan at a height Krishna would not be able to reach. Yashoda also used to restrain him as much as she could. However, Krishna using his wit would gather his friends and other children to form a human pyramid (as they do now every year) to break handis hanging on the ceilings in houses of the neighbourhood to steal curd and butter – which is why they have yoghurt or other dairy hanging in the handi during present festivals.
Another legend that exists is that supposedly, the king Kamsa during Krishna’s times denied children sufficient nourishment through the seizing of dairy products, even though there was an abundance of it. Hence, Krishna and his peers would steal and distribute the dairy products among themselves. A major event that occurs during the festival is the sport that is played – called Dahi Handi. It involves the hanging of the handi that is filled with Dahi (yoghurt) at a difficult height to reach – usually at 30 ft.
Then young boys and men create teams to form a large human pyramid to try to reach and break open the pot. Girls on the ground form circles around the pyramid – sing songs and dance. It often becomes very competitive between teams, with the winning team achieving some sort of prize for breaking the pot. The teams that play this sport are highly dedicated, especially in the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat. They practice weeks ahead of the festival, often involving lots of focus, coordination and most of all enthusiasm.
One human pyramid can have as many as nine layers to it. The lower levels or layers have the stronger, sturdier people who can bear lots of mass on their shoulders. As you go up the levels, the lighter the boys get, with the top-most boy being the lightest, smallest and has the most energy who can break open the handi. The persons that form the pyramid are called ‘Govinda Pathak’ or ‘Govinda.’ Every year at this festival, many a team participate mostly in the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat, with the winning team being rewarded usually in the form of money, sweets or other prizes. The Dahi Handi itself usually contains yoghurt, ghee, sometimes milk and some forms of nuts like almonds.
Not all attempts for every group are successful. People often end up tumbling down from the top to the bottom of the human pyramid, which not only is very painful but can be quite dangerous, sometimes causing serious injury.
The community including the neighbourhood where the event occurs gather in large numbers. Many of them throw water balloons, and buckets of water down on the participating teams adding a modern touch to the festival. Due to the atmospheric pressure and excitement leading up to the festival, the teams have lots of adrenaline running through their blood, motivating them to break the Dahi Handi.
Prior to and following the ceremony of breaking open the handi, folk dances are performed by members of the team and surrounding people. One such dance ‘Jhaanki,’ which is a special dance to admire Lord Krishna. Others include ‘Lavani,’ which are organised and performed to keep the spectators entertained and add variation to the event. Lavani is a form of dance popular in Maharashtra, India typically performed to the Dholki, an Indian percussion instrument.
There are however many issues that have arisen due to this festival. This includes excessive littering by the public every year. There is also lots of congestion in traffic that is caused during the day of the Dahi Handi festival. Another issue is that of significant sound pollution, which is enhanced with large crowds. The biggest issue of this festival is the increased risk of mortality amongst participants. Ever since 2000, because the festival became much more competitive, the number of injuries incurred has risen greatly compared to previous years. To reduce the risk of injury it has been proposed on multiple occasions to lower the height of the handi, whilst also making it mandatory for participants to wear protective gear. In 2014 Maharashtra's government placed a ban on children under the age of 12 participating in the Dahi Handi festival.
関連項目
 | この記事は、クリエイティブ・コモンズ・表示・継承ライセンス3.0のもとで公表されたウィキペディアの項目Handi(21 October 2024, at 18:15編集記事参照)を翻訳して二次利用しています。 |