Translations:Vitamin B12/54/en

Drug interactions

H₂-receptor antagonists and proton-pump inhibitors

Gastric acid is needed to release vitamin B₁₂ from protein for absorption. Reduced secretion of gastric acid and pepsin, from the use of H₂ blocker or proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) drugs, can reduce absorption of protein-bound (dietary) vitamin B₁₂, although not of supplemental vitamin B₁₂. H₂-receptor antagonist examples include cimetidine, famotidine, nizatidine, and ranitidine. PPIs examples include omeprazole, lansoprazole, rabeprazole, pantoprazole, and esomeprazole. Clinically significant vitamin B₁₂ deficiency and megaloblastic anemia are unlikely, unless these drug therapies are prolonged for two or more years, or if in addition the person's dietary intake is below recommended levels. Symptomatic vitamin deficiency is more likely if the person is rendered achlorhydric (a complete absence of gastric acid secretion), which occurs more frequently with proton pump inhibitors than H₂ blockers.