History of coffee/ja: Difference between revisions

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[[File:John Frederick Lewis 004.jpg|thumb|[[:en:John Frederick Lewis|ジョン・フレデリック・ルイス]]作「コーヒーを運ぶ人」（1857年）]]

~~{{short description|Coffee since the 15th century}}~~

[[File:John Frederick Lewis 004.jpg|thumb|~~''The Coffee Bearer'' by~~ [[John Frederick Lewis]] ~~(1857)~~]]

[[File:Coffeepot MET DP103144.jpg|thumb|[[~~Coffeepot (~~François-Thomas Germain)|~~Kaffa kalid coffeepot~~]]~~, by French silversmith~~ [[François-Thomas Germain]]~~, 1757, silver with ebony handle,~~ [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]]]

~~The~~ '''~~history of~~ [[~~coffee~~]]''' ~~dates back centuries, first from its origin in~~ [[Ethiopia]] ~~and later in~~ [[Yemen]]~~. It was already known in~~ [[Mecca]] ~~in the 15th century. Also, in the 15th century,~~ [[Zawiya (institution)|~~Sufi Muslim monasteries (khanqahs)~~]] ~~in Yemen employed coffee as an aid to concentration during prayers. [[Coffee]] later spread to the~~ [[Levant]] ~~in the early 16th century; it caused some controversy on whether it was [[halal]] in~~ [[Ottoman Empire|~~Ottoman~~]] ~~and~~ [[Mamluk Sultanate|~~Mamluk~~]] ~~society. Coffee arrived in~~ [[~~Italy~~]] ~~in the second half of the 16th century through commercial~~ [[Mediterranean Sea|~~Mediterranean~~]] ~~trade routes, while Central and Eastern Europeans~~

~~learned of coffee from the Ottomans. By the mid 17th century, it had reached~~ [[India]] ~~and the~~ [[East Indies]].

~~</div>~~

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+[[File:John Frederick Lewis 004.jpg|thumb|[[:en:John Frederick Lewis|ジョン・フレデリック・ルイス]]作「コーヒーを運ぶ人」（1857年）]]
-{{short description|Coffee since the 15th century}}
+[[File:Coffeepot MET DP103144.jpg|thumb|フランスの銀細工師[[:en:François-Thomas Germain|フランソワ＝トーマ・ジェルマン]]による「[[:en:Coffeepot (François-Thomas Germain)|カッファカリッドのコーヒーポット]]」、1757年作、銀製、黒檀の柄、[[:en:Metropolitan Museum of Art|メトロポリタン美術館]]蔵]]
-[[File:John Frederick Lewis 004.jpg|thumb|''The Coffee Bearer'' by [[John Frederick Lewis]] (1857)]]
+'''[[Coffee/ja|コーヒー]]の歴史'''は何世紀にもわたるものであり、その起源は[[:en:Ethiopia|エチオピア]]に、そして後に[[:en:Yemen|イエメン]]にある。15世紀にはすでに[[:en:Mecca|メッカ]]で知られていた。また、15世紀のイエメンの[[:en:Zawiya (institution)|スーフィーのイスラム修道院（ハンカー）]]では、祈りの際の集中力を高めるためにコーヒーが用いられた。コーヒーは後に16世紀初頭に[[:en:Levant|レバント]]に広まった。しかし、[[:en:Ottoman Empire|オスマン帝国]]や[[:en:Mamluk Sultanate|マムルーク朝]]社会では、それが[[halal/ja|ハラール]]であるか否かをめぐって一部論争が起きた。コーヒーは16世紀後半に[[:en:Mediterranean Sea|地中海]]の商業貿易路を通じて[[:en:Italy|イタリア]]に伝わり、一方、中央ヨーロッパと東ヨーロッパの国々はオスマン帝国からコーヒーを知った。17世紀半ばまでには、[[:en:India|インド]]や[[:en:East Indies|東インド諸島]]にまで到達していたである。
-[[File:Coffeepot MET DP103144.jpg|thumb|[[Coffeepot (François-Thomas Germain)|Kaffa kalid coffeepot]], by French silversmith [[François-Thomas Germain]], 1757, silver with ebony handle, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]]]
-The '''history of [[coffee]]''' dates back centuries, first from its origin in [[Ethiopia]] and later in [[Yemen]]. It was already known in [[Mecca]] in the 15th century. Also, in the 15th century, [[Zawiya (institution)|Sufi Muslim monasteries (khanqahs)]] in Yemen employed coffee as an aid to concentration during prayers. [[Coffee]] later spread to the [[Levant]] in the early 16th century; it caused some controversy on whether it was [[halal]] in [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] and [[Mamluk Sultanate|Mamluk]] society. Coffee arrived in [[Italy]] in the second half of the 16th century through commercial [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] trade routes, while Central and Eastern Europeans
-learned of coffee from the Ottomans. By the mid 17th century, it had reached [[India]] and the [[East Indies]].
-</div>
 <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">