Coffee production in Thailand/ja

タイ、ドイチャーンでのコーヒー生産

タイ（旧称シャム）は、2014年時点で世界トップ25に入るコーヒー生産国の一つである。しかし、そのコーヒー原産地としての地位は、これまで広く知られてこなかった。タイは伝統的に主に工業用ロブスタ種を生産してきたが、同国はアラビカ種と上質なロブスタ種のスペシャルティコーヒーの、エキサイティングな新興生産地として急速に台頭している。この原産地の特徴は、コーヒーの輸出量が非常に少なく、そのほとんどが国内で消費されていることにある。そこでは、農家、ロースター、カフェ、そして消費者が共生する、活気あるスペシャルティコーヒーのエコシステムが発展している。タイは、生産されるコーヒーが経済的、環境的観点から持続可能である、機能的なコーヒーエコシステムの好例としてしばしば挙げられるである。

タイチエンラーイ県、メーチャン郡のコーヒー苗床

History

Thailand is a relative late-comer to coffee production. In the 1970s King Bhumibol Adulyadej launched a series of coffee projects in the north to help local communities grow cash crops like coffee as an alternative to growing opium poppies. Thailand became an exporter of coffee in 1976.

Production

In general, Arabica beans are grown in northern Thailand and robusta beans in the south.

Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) is grown chiefly in the provinces of Chumphon, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Krabi, Phang Nga, and Ranong. Coffee is cultivated on 67,832 hectares. Coffee production in the southern part of the country is 80,000 tons of robusta coffee. One-quarter of the robusta coffee is for domestic consumption in the form of soluble, roasted, powdered, and tinned coffee.

According to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) statistics for 2013, coffee production was 50,000 tons grown on 51,000 hectares. Yield was 980 kilograms per hectare, which placed it at 18th in the world rankings. In 2015, two types of coffee, Doi Tung and Doi Chang, received protected designation of origin (PDO) status from the European Union. The designation is comparable to those bestowed on "Champagne", "Parma ham", or "Bordeaux".

Currently, about 10,000 tons of Arabica and roughly 30,000 tons of Robusta are grown in northern Thailand. Coffee production in the northern border region with Burma and Laos, known as the (Golden Triangle). Arabica coffee is a good variety as its yield is profitable to all categories of farmers, including the hill people. Organic coffee is considered suitable for cultivation in the highlands with an elevation range of 800 metres (2,600 ft) to 1,200 metres (3,900 ft). Coffee is grown both in shaded areas and in open areas in full sun. Intercropping is also practised in hill areas along with fruit trees.

Thailand's import tariffs for coffee are the second highest in the world, making it a pricey endeavor for coffee shops to feature beans from abroad. It is more likely to find a Brazil, Colombia or Ethiopia in a blend together with Thai coffee rather than as a single origin.

See also

• List of countries by coffee production

External links

• Media related to Manufacture of coffee in Thailand at Wikimedia Commons