Ergocalciferol/ja: Difference between revisions

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Created page with "<!-- Identifiers --> | CAS_number = 50-14-6 | CAS_supplemental = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | PubChem = 5280793 | PubChemSubstance = | IUPHAR_ligand = | DrugBank = DB00153 | ChemSpiderID = 4444351 | UNII = VS041H42XC | KEGG = C05441 | ChEBI = 28934 | ChEMBL = 1536 | NIAID_ChemDB = | synonyms = viosterol"
Created page with "<!-- Side effects and mechanism --> 過剰投与は、尿量の増加、高血圧、腎結石、腎不全、脱力感、便秘をもたらす。高用量を長期間服用すると、組織石灰化が起こることがある。通常量は妊娠中でも安全である。腸および腎臓で吸収されるカルシウムの量を増加させ..."
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'''エルゴカルシフェロール'''（'''Ergocalciferol'''）は、'''ビタミンD<sub>2</sub>'''および非特異的に'''カルシフェロール'''としても知られる[[vitamin D/ja|ビタミンD]]の一種で、食品に含まれ、[[dietary supplement/ja|栄養補助食品]]として使用される。サプリメントとしては[[vitamin D deficiency/ja|ビタミンD欠乏症]]の予防や治療に用いられる。これには、[[malabsorption/ja||腸での吸収不良]]や[[liver disease/ja|肝疾患]]によるビタミンD欠乏が含まれる。また、[[hypoparathyroidism/ja|副甲状腺機能低下症]]による[[hypocalcemia/ja|低血中カルシウム血症]]にも用いられることがある。経口または[[intramuscular/ja|筋肉への注射]]で使用される。
'''エルゴカルシフェロール'''（'''Ergocalciferol'''）は、'''ビタミンD<sub>2</sub>'''および非特異的に'''カルシフェロール'''としても知られる[[vitamin D/ja|ビタミンD]]の一種で、食品に含まれ、[[dietary supplement/ja|栄養補助食品]]として使用される。サプリメントとしては[[vitamin D deficiency/ja|ビタミンD欠乏症]]の予防や治療に用いられる。これには、[[malabsorption/ja||腸での吸収不良]]や[[liver disease/ja|肝疾患]]によるビタミンD欠乏が含まれる。また、[[hypoparathyroidism/ja|副甲状腺機能低下症]]による[[hypocalcemia/ja|低血中カルシウム血症]]にも用いられることがある。経口または[[intramuscular/ja|筋肉への注射]]で使用される。


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Excessive doses can result in increased urine production, [[high blood pressure]], [[kidney stones]], [[kidney failure]], weakness, and constipation. If high doses are taken for a long period of time, [[tissue calcification]] may occur. Normal doses are safe in [[pregnancy]]. It works by increasing the amount of [[calcium]] absorbed by the intestines and kidneys. Food in which it is found include some [[mushrooms]].
過剰投与は、尿量の増加、[[high blood pressure/ja|高血圧]]、[[kidney stones/ja|腎結石]]、[[kidney failure/ja|腎不全]]、脱力感、便秘をもたらす。高用量を長期間服用すると、[[tissue calcification/ja|組織石灰化]]が起こることがある。通常量は[[pregnancy/ja|妊娠中]]でも安全である。腸および腎臓で吸収される[[calcium/ja|カルシウム]]の量を増加させることによって作用する。これが含まれる食品には、いくつかの[[mushrooms/ja|キノコ]]がある。
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Revision as of 22:39, 10 April 2024

Other languages:
Ergocalciferol/ja
エルゴカルシフェロールの骨格式
エルゴカルシフェロール分子のボール＆スティックモデル
Clinical data
Trade namesDrisdol, Calcidol, others
Other namesviosterol
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa616042
License data
Routes of
administration		口から, intramuscular/ja
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC28H44O
Molar mass396.659 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Melting point114 to 118 °C (237 to 244 °F)

エルゴカルシフェロール（Ergocalciferol）は、ビタミンD2および非特異的にカルシフェロールとしても知られるビタミンDの一種で、食品に含まれ、栄養補助食品として使用される。サプリメントとしてはビタミンD欠乏症の予防や治療に用いられる。これには、|腸での吸収不良や肝疾患によるビタミンD欠乏が含まれる。また、副甲状腺機能低下症による低血中カルシウム血症にも用いられることがある。経口または筋肉への注射で使用される。

過剰投与は、尿量の増加、高血圧、腎結石、腎不全、脱力感、便秘をもたらす。高用量を長期間服用すると、組織石灰化が起こることがある。通常量は妊娠中でも安全である。腸および腎臓で吸収されるカルシウムの量を増加させることによって作用する。これが含まれる食品には、いくつかのキノコがある。

Ergocalciferol was first described in 1936. Ergocalciferol is available as a generic medication and over the counter. Certain foods such as breakfast cereal and margarine have ergocalciferol added to them in some countries.

Use

Vitamin D2 supplements

Ergocalciferol may be used as a vitamin D supplement, whereas cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is produced naturally by the skin when exposed to ultraviolet light. Ergocalciferol (D2) and cholecalciferol (D3) are considered to be equivalent for vitamin D production, as both forms appear to have similar efficacy in ameliorating rickets Conflicting reports exist, however, concerning the relative effectiveness, with some studies suggesting that ergocalciferol has less efficacy based on limitations in absorption, binding, and inactivation. A meta-analysis concluded that evidence usually favors cholecalciferol in raising vitamin D levels in blood, although it stated more research is needed.

Mechanism

Ergocalciferol is a secosteroid formed by a photochemical bond breaking of a steroid, specifically, by the action of ultraviolet light (UV-B or UV-C) on ergosterol, a form of provitamin D2.

Like cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol is inactive by itself. It requires two hydroxylations to become active: the first in the liver by CYP2R1 to form 25-hydroxyergocalciferol (ercalcidiol or 25-OH D2), and the second in the kidney by CYP27B1, to form the active 1,25-dihydroxyergocalciferol (ercalcitriol or 1,25-(OH)2D2), which activates the vitamin D receptor. Unlike cholecalciferol, 25-hydroxylation is not performed by CYP27A1 for ergocalciferol.

Ergocalciferol and metabolites have lower affinity to the vitamin D-binding protein compared to the D3 counterparts. The binding affinity of ercalcitriol to the vitamin D receptor is similar to that of calcitriol. Ergocalciferol itself and metabolites can be deactivated by 24-hydroxylation.

Sources

Fungus, from USDA nutrient database (per 100g), D2 + D3:

  • Mushrooms, Agaricus bisporus:
    • raw portobello: 0.3 μg (10 IU); exposed to ultraviolet light: 11.2 µg (446 IU)
    • raw crimini: 0.1 μg (3 IU); exposed to ultraviolet light: 31.9 µg (1276 IU)
  • Mushrooms, shiitake:
    • raw: Vitamin D (D2 + D3): 0.4 μg (18 IU)
    • dried: Vitamin D (D2 + D3): 3.9 μg (154 IU)

Lichen

  • Cladina arbuscula specimens grown under different natural conditions contain provitamin D2 and vitamin D2, ranges 89-146 and 0.22-0.55 μg/g dry matter respectively. They also contain vitamin D3 (range 0.67 to 2.04 μg/g) although provitamin D3 could not be detected. Vitamin D levels correlate positively with UV irradiation.

Plantae

  • Alfalfa (Medicago sativa subsp. sativa), shoot: 4.8 μg (192 IU) vitamin D2, 0.1 μg (4 IU) vitamin D3

Biosynthesis

The vitamin D2 content in mushrooms and C. arbuscula increase with exposure to ultraviolet light. Ergosterol (provitamin D2) found in these fungi is converted to previtamin D2 on UV exposure, which then turns into vitamin D2. As cultured mushrooms are generally grown in darkness, less vitamin D2 is found compared to those grown in the wild or dried in the sun.

When fresh mushrooms or dried powders are purposely exposed to ultraviolet light, vitamin D2 levels can be concentrated to much higher levels. The irradiation procedure does not cause significant discoloration, or whitening, of mushrooms. Claims have been made that a normal serving (approx. 2 oz or 60 grams) of fresh mushrooms treated with ultraviolet light have increased vitamin D content to levels up to 80 micrograms or 3200 IU if exposed to just five minutes of UV light after being harvested.

Button mushrooms with enhanced vitamin D2 content produced this way functions similarly to a vitamin D2 supplement; both effectively improves vitamin D status. Vitamin D2 from UV-irradiated yeast baked into bread or mushrooms is bioavailable and increases blood levels of 25(OH)D.

Names

Viosterol, the name given to early preparations of irradiated ergosterol, is essentially synonymous with ergocalciferol. However, currently, Viosterol is also the brand name for cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) in some countries.

Ergocalciferol is manufactured and marketed under various names, including Deltalin (Eli Lilly and Company), Drisdol (Sanofi-Synthelabo), and Calcidol (Patrin Pharma).


External links

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