Pyridoxine: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Chemical compound}}

{{Infobox drug

| caption          = Pyridoxine

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| pronounce        =

| ATC_supplemental  =

| legal_AU = <!-- S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled-->

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| legal_status      = <!--For countries not listed above-->

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| CAS_number        = 65-23-6

}}

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'''Pyridoxine''', is a form of [[vitamin B6|vitamin B₆]] found commonly in food and used as a [[dietary supplement]]. As a supplement it is used to treat and prevent [[pyridoxine deficiency]], [[sideroblastic anaemia]], [[pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy]], certain [[metabolic disorders]], side effects or complications of [[isoniazid]] use, and certain types of [[mushroom poisoning]]. It is used by mouth or by injection.

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It is usually well tolerated. Occasionally side effects include headache, numbness, and sleepiness. Normal doses are safe during [[pregnancy]] and [[breastfeeding]]. Pyridoxine is in the [[vitamin B]] family of vitamins. It is required by the body to metabolise [[amino acids]], [[carbohydrates]], and [[lipids]]. Sources in the diet include [[fruit]], [[vegetables]], and [[food grain|grain]].

As a treatment (oral or injection), it is used to treat or prevent [[pyridoxine deficiency]], [[sideroblastic anaemia]], [[pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy]], certain [[metabolic disorders]], side effects of [[isoniazid]] treatment and certain types of [[mushroom poisoning]]. Isoniazid is an [[antibiotic]] used for the treatment of [[tuberculosis]]. Common side effect include [[peripheral neuropathy|numbness in the hands and feet]]. Co-treatment with vitamin B₆ alleviates the numbness. Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy is a type of rare infant epilepsy that does not improve with typical anti-seizure medications.

Pyridoxine in combination with [[doxylamine]] is used as a treatment for [[morning sickness]] in pregnant women.

It is usually well tolerated, though overdose toxicity is possible. Occasionally side effects include headache, numbness, and sleepiness.  Pyridoxine overdose can cause a peripheral sensory neuropathy characterized by poor coordination, numbness, and decreased sensation to touch, temperature, and vibration. Healthy human blood levels of pyridoxine are 2.1–21.7&nbsp;ng/mL. Normal doses are safe during [[pregnancy]] and [[breastfeeding]].

Pyridoxine is in the [[vitamin B]] family of vitamins. It is required by the body to make [[amino acids]], [[carbohydrates]], and [[lipids]]. Sources in the diet include [[fruit]], [[vegetables]], and [[food grain|grain]].

It is also required for muscle phosphorylase activity associated with glycogen metabolism.

The half-life of pyridoxine varies according to different sources: one source suggests that the half-life of ''pyridoxine'' is up to 20 days, while another source indicates half-life of ''vitamin B₆'' is in range of 25 to 33 days. After considering the different sources, it can be concluded that the half-life of pyridoxine is typically measured in several weeks.

Pyridoxine was discovered in 1934, isolated in 1938, and first made in 1939. It is on the [[WHO Model List of Essential Medicines|World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines]]. Pyridoxine is available both as a [[generic medication]] and [[over the counter]] product. Foods, such as [[breakfast cereal]] have pyridoxine added in some countries.

* {{Commons category-inline}}

* {{cite web| url = https://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov/drugportal/name/pyridoxine | publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine| work = Drug Information Portal| title = Pyridoxine }}

* [http://gmd.mpimp-golm.mpg.de/Spectrums/73e34958-2680-41b1-a8d7-40e1650703bc.aspx Pyridoxine mass spectrum]

{{Vitamin}}

{{Portal bar|Medicine}}

{{二次利用|date=2 April 2024}}

[[Category:B vitamins]]