Panthenol/ja

Panthenol/ja

D-パンテノール
Names
Preferred IUPAC name 2,4-Dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutanamide
Other names Pantothenol Pantothenyl alcohol N-Pantoylpropanolamine Bepanthen (trade name) Dexpanthenol (D form)
Identifiers
CAS Number	16485-10-2 Y 81-13-0 R Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
3DMet	B00882
Beilstein Reference	1724945, 1724947 R
ChEBI	CHEBI:27373 N
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1200979 N
ChemSpider	4516 Y 115991 R N 4677984 S N
EC Number	240-540-6
KEGG	D03726 Y D00193
MeSH	dexpanthenol
PubChem CID	4678 131204 R 5748487 S
RTECS number	ES4316500
UNII	WV9CM0O67Z Y 1O6C93RI7Z (R) Y
InChI InChI=1S/C9H19NO4/c1-9(2,6-12)7(13)8(14)10-4-3-5-11/h7,11-13H,3-6H2,1-2H3,(H,10,14) Y Key: SNPLKNRPJHDVJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
SMILES CC(C)(CO)C(O)C(=O)NCCCO
Properties
Chemical formula	C9H19NO4
Molar mass	205.254 g·mol−1
Appearance	Highly viscous, colourless liquid
Density	1.2 g mL−1 (at 20 °C)
Melting point	66 to 69 °C (151 to 156 °F; 339 to 342 K)
Boiling point	118 to 120 °C (244 to 248 °F; 391 to 393 K) at 2.7 Pa
log P	−0.989
Acidity (pKa)	13.033
Basicity (pKb)	0.964
Chiral rotation ([α]D)	+29° to +30°
Refractive index (nD)	1.499
Pharmacology
ATC code	A11HA30 (WHO) D03AX03 (WHO), S01XA12 (WHO)
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	1 1 0
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	10,100 mg kg−1 (intraperitoneal, mouse); 15,000 mg kg−1 (oral, mouse)
Related compounds
Related compounds	Arginine/ja Theanine/ja パントテン酸 Hopantenic acid/ja

パンテノール（pantothenolとも呼ばれる）はパントテン酸（ビタミンB₅）のアルコールアナログである。また、ビタミンB₅のプロビタミンである。生体内ではすぐに酸化されてパントテン酸になる。室温では粘性のある透明な液体である。パンテノールは保湿剤として、また創傷治癒を改善するために医薬品や化粧品に使用されている。

Uses

Bepanthen eye and nose ointment (Germany)

In pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and personal-care products, panthenol is a moisturizer and humectant, used in ointments, lotions, shampoos, nasal sprays, eye drops, lozenges, and cleaning solutions for contact lenses.

In ointments it is used for the treatment of sunburns, mild burns, minor skin injuries, and disorders (in concentrations of up to 2–5%). It improves hydration, reduces itching and inflammation of the skin, improves skin elasticity, and accelerates epidermal wounds' rate of healing. For this purpose, it is sometimes combined with allantoin.

It binds to the hair shaft readily, so, it is a common component of commercial shampoos and hair conditioners (in concentrations of 0.1–1%). It coats the hair and seals its surface, lubricating the hair shaft and giving it a shiny appearance.

It is also recommended by tattoo artists as a post-tattooing moisturising cream.

Adverse effects

Panthenol is generally well tolerated. In rare cases, skin irritation and contact allergies have been reported.

Pharmacology

Panthenol readily penetrates into the skin and mucous membranes (including the intestinal mucosa), where it is quickly oxidized to pantothenic acid. Pantothenic acid is extremely hygroscopic. It is also used in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A, which plays a role in a wide range of enzymatic reactions and in cell growth.

Physical and chemical properties

Dexpanthenol

Panthenol is an odourless, slightly bitter, highly viscous, transparent, and colourless liquid at room temperature, but salts of pantothenic acid (for example sodium pantothenate) are powders that are typically white. It is easily soluble in water and alcohol, moderately soluble in diethyl ether, soluble in chloroform (1:100), in propylene glycol, and slightly soluble in glycerin.

Panthenol's expanded chemical formula is HO–CH₂–C(CH₃)₂–CH(OH)–CONH–CH₂CH₂CH₂–OH.

Stereochemistry

Panthenol comes in two enantiomers: D, and L. Only D-panthenol (dexpanthenol) is biologically active, however both forms have moisturizing properties. For cosmetic use, panthenol comes either in D form, or as a racemic mixture of D and L (DL-panthenol).