Biguanide: Difference between revisions
Created page with "{{short description|Chemical compound}} {{chembox | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 444387711 | ImageFile = Biguanide.svg | ImageFile_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}} | ImageSize = 160 | ImageName = Skeletal formula of biguanide | ImageFile1 = Biguanide-from-xtal-3D-bs-17.png | ImageFile1_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}} | ImageSize1 = 160 | ImageName1 = Ball and stick model of biguanide | PIN = Imidodicarbonimidic diamide |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers | CA..." |
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The [[mechanism of action]] of biguanides is not fully understood, and many mechanisms have been proposed for metformin. | The [[mechanism of action]] of biguanides is not fully understood, and many mechanisms have been proposed for metformin. | ||
Biguanides do not affect the output of insulin, unlike other [[hypoglycemic agent]]s such as [[sulfonylurea]]s and [[meglitinide]]s. Therefore, they are effective in Type 2 diabetics; and in Type 1 diabetes when used in conjunction with insulin therapy. | Biguanides do not affect the output of insulin, unlike other [[hypoglycemic agent]]s such as [[sulfonylurea]]s and [[meglitinide]]s. Therefore, they are effective in Type 2 diabetics; and in Type 1 diabetes when used in conjunction with insulin therapy. | ||
Mainly used in Type II diabetes, metformin is considered to increase insulin sensitivity in vivo, resulting in reduced plasma glucose concentrations, increased glucose uptake, and decreased gluconeogenesis. | Mainly used in Type II diabetes, metformin is considered to increase insulin sensitivity in vivo, resulting in reduced plasma glucose concentrations, increased glucose uptake, and decreased gluconeogenesis. | ||
However, in hyperinsulinemia, biguanides can lower fasting levels of insulin in plasma. Their therapeutic uses derive from their tendency to reduce [[gluconeogenesis]] in the liver, and, as a result, reduce the level of glucose in the blood. Biguanides also tend to make the cells of the body more willing to absorb glucose already present in the bloodstream, and there again reducing the level of glucose in the plasma. | However, in hyperinsulinemia, biguanides can lower fasting levels of insulin in plasma. Their therapeutic uses derive from their tendency to reduce [[gluconeogenesis]] in the liver, and, as a result, reduce the level of glucose in the blood. Biguanides also tend to make the cells of the body more willing to absorb glucose already present in the bloodstream, and there again reducing the level of glucose in the plasma. | ||
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[[Category:Guanidines]] | [[Category:Guanidines]] | ||
[[Category:Substances discovered in the 19th century]] | [[Category:Substances discovered in the 19th century]] | ||
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