Coffee production in Peru: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Peruvian Coffee Beans.jpg|thumbnail|left|220px|Terra Nera coffee beans]]

In 1895, the ''[[Royal Society of Arts|Journal of the Society of Arts]]'' recorded that Peru was known for many years as a coffee-producing country, but the coffee grown on the coast was used primarily for domestic consumption, and it was only later that it developed as an exporting nation.{{sfn|The Society|1895|p=832}} Coffee planting began, and coffee is still cultivated near the port of [[Pacasmayo]]. Coffee has been cultivated in the south, in the districts of [[Sandia, Peru|Sandia]] and [[Carabaya Province|Carabaya]], and in the centre of Peru in the valleys of [[Chanchamayu]], Viloc, and [[Aqumayu (Huánuco)|Huánuco]]. Production in Chanchamayo district was facilitated by the completion of the Central (or [[Rail transport in Peru|Oroya Railway]]) by the [[Peruvian Corporation]].

The Chanchamayu Valley, itself about {{convert|10|miles}} long, was in the hands of private plantation owners, while the [[Perené River|Perené]], Paucartambo, and Rio Colorado valleys, were later linked by railway.~~{{sfn|The Society|1895|p=832}}~~ The first exports of coffee, to Germany and England, did not begin until 1887.

The Chanchamayu Valley, itself about {{convert|10|miles}} long, was in the hands of private plantation owners, while the [[Perené River|Perené]], Paucartambo, and Rio Colorado valleys, were later linked by railway. The first exports of coffee, to Germany and England, did not begin until 1887.

In the 1970s, large dry mills were sited near ports, the transportation network along the [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] was considered ideal, a model where quantity of production rather than quality was important. This model has changed in recent times with the Agricultural Ministry introducing modern methods, encouraging farmer organizations such as the CENFROCAFE in [[Jaén Province, Peru|Jaén]], a mountainous area of the [[Andes]].

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==Production==

[[File:Coffee plantations in Peru.jpg|thumb |right|A coffee plantation and a coffee farmer in [[Piura]]]]

The three prominent coffee growing areas, located in the eastern slopes of the [[Andes]], are [[Chanchamayo, Junín|Chanchamayo]], the [[Amazonas (Peruvian department)|Amazonas]] and [[San Martín Region|San Martin]] regions, and the southern highlands. St Ignacio, close to the Ecuadorian border, is the centralized area of coffee plantations in northern Peru. Arabica is the dominant coffee crop, 70% of which is Typica, 20% is ''[[List of coffee varieties|caturra]]'', and the remainder being of other types. About 75% of the coffee growing area lies at an elevation range of {{Convert|1000|-|1800|m}}, and planting done in the shaded areas is to the extent of 2,000 plants per ha.~~<ref name=Annual/>~~ Farming is done largely by small farmers, and coffee is handpicked. Organic coffee is grown on {{Convert|90000|ha}}.

The three prominent coffee growing areas, located in the eastern slopes of the [[Andes]], are [[Chanchamayo, Junín|Chanchamayo]], the [[Amazonas (Peruvian department)|Amazonas]] and [[San Martín Region|San Martin]] regions, and the southern highlands. St Ignacio, close to the Ecuadorian border, is the centralized area of coffee plantations in northern Peru. Arabica is the dominant coffee crop, 70% of which is Typica, 20% is ''[[List of coffee varieties|caturra]]'', and the remainder being of other types. About 75% of the coffee growing area lies at an elevation range of {{Convert|1000|-|1800|m}}, and planting done in the shaded areas is to the extent of 2,000 plants per ha. Farming is done largely by small farmers, and coffee is handpicked. Organic coffee is grown on {{Convert|90000|ha}}.

Coffee production in 1893 was about 1,500 tons.{{sfn|The Society|1895|p=832}} According to [[FAO]] statistics for 2013, coffee production was 256,241 tons from an area of {{Convert|399523|ha}} with a yield level of 6,414 hectogram per ha.

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 [[File:Peruvian Coffee Beans.jpg|thumbnail|left|220px|Terra Nera coffee beans]]
 In 1895, the ''[[Royal Society of Arts|Journal of the Society of Arts]]'' recorded that Peru was known for many years as a coffee-producing country, but the coffee grown on the coast was used primarily for domestic consumption, and it was only later that it developed as an exporting nation.{{sfn|The Society|1895|p=832}} Coffee planting began, and coffee is still cultivated near the port of [[Pacasmayo]]. Coffee has been cultivated in the south, in the districts of [[Sandia, Peru|Sandia]] and [[Carabaya Province|Carabaya]], and in the centre of Peru in the valleys of [[Chanchamayu]], Viloc, and [[Aqumayu (Huánuco)|Huánuco]]. Production in Chanchamayo district was facilitated by the completion of the Central (or [[Rail transport in Peru|Oroya Railway]]) by the [[Peruvian Corporation]].
-The Chanchamayu Valley, itself about {{convert|10|miles}} long, was in the hands of private plantation owners, while the [[Perené River|Perené]], Paucartambo, and Rio Colorado valleys, were later linked by railway.{{sfn|The Society|1895|p=832}} The first exports of coffee, to Germany and England, did not begin until 1887.
+The Chanchamayu Valley, itself about {{convert|10|miles}} long, was in the hands of private plantation owners, while the [[Perené River|Perené]], Paucartambo, and Rio Colorado valleys, were later linked by railway. The first exports of coffee, to Germany and England, did not begin until 1887.
 In the 1970s, large dry mills were sited near ports, the transportation network along the [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] was considered ideal, a model where quantity of production rather than quality was important. This model has changed in recent times with the Agricultural Ministry introducing modern methods, encouraging farmer organizations such as the CENFROCAFE in [[Jaén Province, Peru|Jaén]], a mountainous area of the [[Andes]].
@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 ==Production==
 [[File:Coffee plantations in Peru.jpg|thumb |right|A coffee plantation and a coffee farmer in [[Piura]]]]
-The three prominent coffee growing areas, located in the eastern slopes of the [[Andes]], are [[Chanchamayo, Junín|Chanchamayo]], the [[Amazonas (Peruvian department)|Amazonas]] and [[San Martín Region|San Martin]] regions, and the southern highlands. St Ignacio, close to the Ecuadorian border, is the centralized area of coffee plantations in northern Peru. Arabica is the dominant coffee crop, 70% of which is Typica, 20% is ''[[List of coffee varieties|caturra]]'', and the remainder being of other types. About 75% of the coffee growing area lies at an elevation range of {{Convert|1000|-|1800|m}}, and planting done in the shaded areas is to the extent of 2,000 plants per ha.<ref name=Annual/> Farming is done largely by small farmers, and coffee is handpicked. Organic coffee is grown on {{Convert|90000|ha}}.
+The three prominent coffee growing areas, located in the eastern slopes of the [[Andes]], are [[Chanchamayo, Junín|Chanchamayo]], the [[Amazonas (Peruvian department)|Amazonas]] and [[San Martín Region|San Martin]] regions, and the southern highlands. St Ignacio, close to the Ecuadorian border, is the centralized area of coffee plantations in northern Peru. Arabica is the dominant coffee crop, 70% of which is Typica, 20% is ''[[List of coffee varieties|caturra]]'', and the remainder being of other types. About 75% of the coffee growing area lies at an elevation range of {{Convert|1000|-|1800|m}}, and planting done in the shaded areas is to the extent of 2,000 plants per ha. Farming is done largely by small farmers, and coffee is handpicked. Organic coffee is grown on {{Convert|90000|ha}}.
 Coffee production in 1893 was about 1,500 tons.{{sfn|The Society|1895|p=832}} According to [[FAO]] statistics for 2013, coffee production was 256,241 tons from an area of {{Convert|399523|ha}} with a yield level of 6,414 hectogram per ha.