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{{short description|Person's mass or weight}}
{{short description|Person's mass or weight}}
{{Human body weight}}
{{Human body weight}}


<!--T:2-->
'''Human body weight''' is a person's [[Mass versus weight|mass or weight]].
'''Human body weight''' is a person's [[Mass versus weight|mass or weight]].


<!--T:3-->
Strictly speaking, body weight is the measurement of [[weight]] without items located on the person. Practically though, body weight may be measured with clothes on, but without shoes or heavy accessories such as mobile phones and wallets, and using manual or digital [[Weighing scale|weighing scales]]. Excess or reduced body weight is regarded as an indicator of determining a person's health, with body volume measurement providing an extra dimension by calculating the distribution of body weight.
Strictly speaking, body weight is the measurement of [[weight]] without items located on the person. Practically though, body weight may be measured with clothes on, but without shoes or heavy accessories such as mobile phones and wallets, and using manual or digital [[Weighing scale|weighing scales]]. Excess or reduced body weight is regarded as an indicator of determining a person's health, with body volume measurement providing an extra dimension by calculating the distribution of body weight.


<!--T:4-->
Average adult human weight varies by continent, from about {{cvt|60|kg|lb}} in Asia and Africa to about {{cvt|80|kg|lb}} in North America, with men on average weighing more than women.
Average adult human weight varies by continent, from about {{cvt|60|kg|lb}} in Asia and Africa to about {{cvt|80|kg|lb}} in North America, with men on average weighing more than women.


== Estimation in children ==
== Estimation in children == <!--T:5-->
There are a number of methods to estimate weight in children for circumstances (such as emergencies) when actual weight cannot be measured. Most involve a [[parent]] or health care provider guessing the child's weight through weight-estimation formulas. These formulas base their findings on the child's age and tape-based systems of weight estimation. Of the many formulas that have been used for estimating body weight, some include the [[Advanced Pediatric Life Support]] formula, the Leffler formula, and Theron formula. There are also several types of tape-based systems for estimating children's weight, with the best-known being the [[Broselow tape]]. The Broselow tape is based on length with weight read from the appropriate color area. Newer systems, such as the PAWPER tape, make use of a simple two-step process to estimate weight: the length-based weight estimation is modified according to the child's body [[habit (biology)|habit]]us to increase the accuracy of the final weight prediction.
There are a number of methods to estimate weight in children for circumstances (such as emergencies) when actual weight cannot be measured. Most involve a [[parent]] or health care provider guessing the child's weight through weight-estimation formulas. These formulas base their findings on the child's age and tape-based systems of weight estimation. Of the many formulas that have been used for estimating body weight, some include the [[Advanced Pediatric Life Support]] formula, the Leffler formula, and Theron formula. There are also several types of tape-based systems for estimating children's weight, with the best-known being the [[Broselow tape]]. The Broselow tape is based on length with weight read from the appropriate color area. Newer systems, such as the PAWPER tape, make use of a simple two-step process to estimate weight: the length-based weight estimation is modified according to the child's body [[habit (biology)|habit]]us to increase the accuracy of the final weight prediction.


<!--T:6-->
The Leffler formula is used for children 0–10&nbsp;years of age.  In those less than a year old, it is
The Leffler formula is used for children 0–10&nbsp;years of age.  In those less than a year old, it is


<!--T:7-->
<math>m = \tfrac{1}{2}a_m + 4</math>
<math>m = \tfrac{1}{2}a_m + 4</math>


<!--T:8-->
and for those 1–10 years old, it is
and for those 1–10 years old, it is


<!--T:9-->
<math>m = 2a_y + 10</math>
<math>m = 2a_y + 10</math>


<!--T:10-->
where ''m'' is the number of kilograms the child weighs and ''a<sub>m</sub>'' and ''a<sub>y</sub>'' respectively are the number of months or years old the child is.
where ''m'' is the number of kilograms the child weighs and ''a<sub>m</sub>'' and ''a<sub>y</sub>'' respectively are the number of months or years old the child is.


<!--T:11-->
The Theron formula is
The Theron formula is


<!--T:12-->
<math>m = e^{0.175571a_y + 2.197099}</math>
<math>m = e^{0.175571a_y + 2.197099}</math>


<!--T:13-->
where ''m'' and ''a<sub>y</sub>'' are as above.
where ''m'' and ''a<sub>y</sub>'' are as above.


== Fluctuation ==
== Fluctuation == <!--T:14-->
Body weight varies in small amounts throughout the day, as the amount of water in the body is not constant. It changes due to activities such as drinking, urinating, or exercise. Professional sports participants may deliberately dehydrate themselves to enter a lower weight class, a practice known as [[weight cutting]].
Body weight varies in small amounts throughout the day, as the amount of water in the body is not constant. It changes due to activities such as drinking, urinating, or exercise. Professional sports participants may deliberately dehydrate themselves to enter a lower weight class, a practice known as [[weight cutting]].


==Ideal body weight==
==Ideal body weight== <!--T:15-->
Ideal body weight (IBW) was initially introduced by Ben J. Devine in 1974 to allow estimation of drug [[clearance (pharmacology)|clearances]] in obese patients; researchers have since shown that the [[metabolism]] of certain drugs relates more to IBW than total body weight. The term was based on the use of insurance data that demonstrated the relative mortality for males and females according to different height-weight combinations.
Ideal body weight (IBW) was initially introduced by Ben J. Devine in 1974 to allow estimation of drug [[clearance (pharmacology)|clearances]] in obese patients; researchers have since shown that the [[metabolism]] of certain drugs relates more to IBW than total body weight. The term was based on the use of insurance data that demonstrated the relative mortality for males and females according to different height-weight combinations.


<!--T:16-->
The most common estimation of IBW is by the Devine formula; other models exist and have been noted to give similar results. Other methods used in estimating the ideal body weight are [[body mass index]] and the Hamwi method. The IBW is not the perfect fat measurement, as it does not show the fat or muscle percentage in one's body. For example, athletes' results may show that they are overweight when they are actually very fit and healthy. Machines like the [[dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry]] can accurately measure the percentage and weight of fat, muscle, and bone in a body.
The most common estimation of IBW is by the Devine formula; other models exist and have been noted to give similar results. Other methods used in estimating the ideal body weight are [[body mass index]] and the Hamwi method. The IBW is not the perfect fat measurement, as it does not show the fat or muscle percentage in one's body. For example, athletes' results may show that they are overweight when they are actually very fit and healthy. Machines like the [[dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry]] can accurately measure the percentage and weight of fat, muscle, and bone in a body.


===Devine formula===
===Devine formula=== <!--T:17-->
The Devine formula for calculating ideal body weight in adults is as follows:
The Devine formula for calculating ideal body weight in adults is as follows:
* Male ideal body weight = {{convert|50|kg}} + {{convert|0.9|kg}} × (height (cm) − 152)
* Male ideal body weight = {{convert|50|kg}} + {{convert|0.9|kg}} × (height (cm) − 152)
* Female ideal body weight = {{convert|45.5|kg}} + {{convert|0.9|kg}} × (height (cm) − 152)
* Female ideal body weight = {{convert|45.5|kg}} + {{convert|0.9|kg}} × (height (cm) − 152)


===Hamwi method===
===Hamwi method=== <!--T:18-->
The Hamwi method is used to calculate the ideal body weight of the general adult:
The Hamwi method is used to calculate the ideal body weight of the general adult:
* Male ideal body weight = {{convert|48|kg}} + {{convert|1.1|kg}} × (height (cm) − 152)
* Male ideal body weight = {{convert|48|kg}} + {{convert|1.1|kg}} × (height (cm) − 152)
* Female ideal body weight = {{convert|45.4|kg}} + {{convert|0.9|kg}} × (height (cm) − 152)
* Female ideal body weight = {{convert|45.4|kg}} + {{convert|0.9|kg}} × (height (cm) − 152)


==Usage==
==Usage== <!--T:19-->
===Sports===
===Sports===
Participants in sports such as [[boxing]], [[mixed martial arts]], [[wrestling]], [[Rowing (sport)|rowing]], [[judo]], [[Sambo (martial art)|sambo]], [[Olympic weightlifting]], and [[powerlifting]] are classified according to their body weight, measured in units of mass such as pounds or kilograms. See, e.g., [[wrestling weight classes]], [[boxing weight classes]], [[judo at the 2004 Summer Olympics]], and [[boxing at the 2004 Summer Olympics]].
Participants in sports such as [[boxing]], [[mixed martial arts]], [[wrestling]], [[Rowing (sport)|rowing]], [[judo]], [[Sambo (martial art)|sambo]], [[Olympic weightlifting]], and [[powerlifting]] are classified according to their body weight, measured in units of mass such as pounds or kilograms. See, e.g., [[wrestling weight classes]], [[boxing weight classes]], [[judo at the 2004 Summer Olympics]], and [[boxing at the 2004 Summer Olympics]].


===Medicine===
===Medicine=== <!--T:20-->
Ideal body weight, specifically the [[#Devine formula|Devine formula]], is used clinically for multiple reasons, most commonly in estimating renal function in drug dosing, and predicting [[pharmacokinetics]] in morbidly obese patients.
Ideal body weight, specifically the [[#Devine formula|Devine formula]], is used clinically for multiple reasons, most commonly in estimating renal function in drug dosing, and predicting [[pharmacokinetics]] in morbidly obese patients.


==Average weight around the world==
==Average weight around the world== <!--T:21-->
===By region===
===By region===


<!--T:22-->
Data from 2005:
Data from 2005:


<!--T:23-->
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
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|}
|}


===By country===
===By country=== <!--T:24-->


<!--T:25-->
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|-
|-
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!Year
!Year


<!--T:26-->
|-
|-
|{{AFG}} || {{convert|69.2|kg|abbr=on|1}} || {{convert|62.6|kg|abbr=on|1}} || 18–69 || Measured || 2018  
|{{AFG}} || {{convert|69.2|kg|abbr=on|1}} || {{convert|62.6|kg|abbr=on|1}} || 18–69 || Measured || 2018  
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|}
|}


====Global statistics====
====Global statistics==== <!--T:27-->
Researchers at the [[London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine]] published a study of average weights of adult humans in the journal ''[[BMC Public Health]]'' and at the United Nations conference [[United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development|Rio+20]].
Researchers at the [[London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine]] published a study of average weights of adult humans in the journal ''[[BMC Public Health]]'' and at the United Nations conference [[United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development|Rio+20]].
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed"
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed"
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|}
|}


== See also ==
== See also == <!--T:28-->
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Anthropometry]]
* [[Anthropometry]]
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==External links==
==External links== <!--T:29-->
* {{Commonscatinline}}
* {{Commonscatinline}}
* [http://www.scymed.com/en/smnxpn/pndfc237.htm Online calculator for Hamwi method]
* [http://www.scymed.com/en/smnxpn/pndfc237.htm Online calculator for Hamwi method]


<!--T:30-->
{{二次利用|date=7 February 2024}}
{{二次利用|date=7 February 2024}}
[[Category:Human body weight| ]]
[[Category:Human body weight| ]]

Latest revision as of 16:37, 1 March 2024

Other languages:
Part of a series on
Human body weight
General concepts
Medical concepts
Measurements
Related conditions
Obesity-associated morbidity
Management of obesity
Social aspects

Human body weight is a person's mass or weight.

Strictly speaking, body weight is the measurement of weight without items located on the person. Practically though, body weight may be measured with clothes on, but without shoes or heavy accessories such as mobile phones and wallets, and using manual or digital weighing scales. Excess or reduced body weight is regarded as an indicator of determining a person's health, with body volume measurement providing an extra dimension by calculating the distribution of body weight.

Average adult human weight varies by continent, from about 60 kg (130 lb) in Asia and Africa to about 80 kg (180 lb) in North America, with men on average weighing more than women.

Estimation in children

There are a number of methods to estimate weight in children for circumstances (such as emergencies) when actual weight cannot be measured. Most involve a parent or health care provider guessing the child's weight through weight-estimation formulas. These formulas base their findings on the child's age and tape-based systems of weight estimation. Of the many formulas that have been used for estimating body weight, some include the Advanced Pediatric Life Support formula, the Leffler formula, and Theron formula. There are also several types of tape-based systems for estimating children's weight, with the best-known being the Broselow tape. The Broselow tape is based on length with weight read from the appropriate color area. Newer systems, such as the PAWPER tape, make use of a simple two-step process to estimate weight: the length-based weight estimation is modified according to the child's body habitus to increase the accuracy of the final weight prediction.

The Leffler formula is used for children 0–10 years of age. In those less than a year old, it is

m=12am+4

and for those 1–10 years old, it is

m=2ay+10

where m is the number of kilograms the child weighs and am and ay respectively are the number of months or years old the child is.

The Theron formula is

m=e0.175571ay+2.197099

where m and ay are as above.

Fluctuation

Body weight varies in small amounts throughout the day, as the amount of water in the body is not constant. It changes due to activities such as drinking, urinating, or exercise. Professional sports participants may deliberately dehydrate themselves to enter a lower weight class, a practice known as weight cutting.

Ideal body weight

Ideal body weight (IBW) was initially introduced by Ben J. Devine in 1974 to allow estimation of drug clearances in obese patients; researchers have since shown that the metabolism of certain drugs relates more to IBW than total body weight. The term was based on the use of insurance data that demonstrated the relative mortality for males and females according to different height-weight combinations.

The most common estimation of IBW is by the Devine formula; other models exist and have been noted to give similar results. Other methods used in estimating the ideal body weight are body mass index and the Hamwi method. The IBW is not the perfect fat measurement, as it does not show the fat or muscle percentage in one's body. For example, athletes' results may show that they are overweight when they are actually very fit and healthy. Machines like the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry can accurately measure the percentage and weight of fat, muscle, and bone in a body.

Devine formula

The Devine formula for calculating ideal body weight in adults is as follows:

  • Male ideal body weight = 50 kilograms (110 lb) + 0.9 kilograms (2.0 lb) × (height (cm) − 152)
  • Female ideal body weight = 45.5 kilograms (100 lb) + 0.9 kilograms (2.0 lb) × (height (cm) − 152)

Hamwi method

The Hamwi method is used to calculate the ideal body weight of the general adult:

  • Male ideal body weight = 48 kilograms (106 lb) + 1.1 kilograms (2.4 lb) × (height (cm) − 152)
  • Female ideal body weight = 45.4 kilograms (100 lb) + 0.9 kilograms (2.0 lb) × (height (cm) − 152)

Usage

Sports

Participants in sports such as boxing, mixed martial arts, wrestling, rowing, judo, sambo, Olympic weightlifting, and powerlifting are classified according to their body weight, measured in units of mass such as pounds or kilograms. See, e.g., wrestling weight classes, boxing weight classes, judo at the 2004 Summer Olympics, and boxing at the 2004 Summer Olympics.

Medicine

Ideal body weight, specifically the Devine formula, is used clinically for multiple reasons, most commonly in estimating renal function in drug dosing, and predicting pharmacokinetics in morbidly obese patients.

Average weight around the world

By region

Data from 2005:

Region Adult population
(millions) 		Average weight Overweight population /
total population
Africa 535 60.7 kg (133.8 lb) 28.9%
Asia 2,815 57.7 kg (127.2 lb) 24.2%
Europe 606 70.8 kg (156.1 lb) 55.6%
Latin America and the Caribbean 386 67.9 kg (149.7 lb) 57.9%
North America 263 80.7 kg (177.9 lb) 73.9%
Oceania 24 74.1 kg (163.4 lb) 63.3%
World 4,630 62.0 kg (136.7 lb) 34.7%

By country

Country Average male weight Average female weight Sample population /
age range 		Methodology Year
 Afghanistan 69.2 kg (152.6 lb) 62.6 kg (138.0 lb) 18–69 Measured 2018
 Algeria 68.7 kg (151.5 lb) 65.1 kg (143.5 lb) 25–64 Measured 2005
 Armenia 74.6 kg (164.5 lb) 66.4 kg (146.4 lb) 18–69 Measured 2016
 Australia 87.0 kg (191.8 lb) 71.8 kg (158.3 lb) 18+ Measured 2018
 Azerbaijan 72.1 kg (159.0 lb) 65.7 kg (144.8 lb) 16+ Measured 2005
 Bangladesh 55.2 kg (121.7 lb) 49.8 kg (109.8 lb) 25+ Measured 2009–2010
 Belarus 69 kg (152.1 lb) 56 kg (123.5 lb) 18+ Measured 2008
 Belize 74.2 kg (163.6 lb) 70.5 kg (155.4 lb) 20+ Measured 2010
 Benin 63.7 kg (140.4 lb) 60.9 kg (134.3 lb) 18–69 Measured 2015
 Bhutan 63.2 kg (139.3 lb) 57.4 kg (126.5 lb) 18–69 Measured 2014
 Botswana 63.6 kg (140.2 lb) 64.3 kg (141.8 lb) 15–69 Measured 2014
 Brazil 72.7 kg (160.3 lb) 62.5 kg (137.8 lb) 20–74 Measured 2008–2009
 Brunei 74.1 kg (163.4 lb) 62.9 kg (138.7 lb) 19+ Measured 2010–2011
 Bulgaria 81.0 kg (178.6 lb) 67.0 kg (147.7 lb) 15+ Self-reported 2014
 Burkina Faso 65.2 kg (143.7 lb) 59.0 kg (130.1 lb) 25–64 Measured 2013
 Cambodia 56.8 kg (125.2 lb) 50.8 kg (112.0 lb) 25–64 Measured 2010
 Cameroon 68.3 kg (150.6 lb) 67.0 kg (147.7 lb) 15+ Measured 2003
 Canada 84.6 kg (187 lb) 70.1 kg (155 lb) 18–79 Measured 2007–2009
 Chile 77.3 kg (170.4 lb) 67.5 kg (148.8 lb) 15+ Measured 2009–2010
 Costa Rica - San José 76.6 kg (168.9 lb) 64.9 kg (143.1 lb) 20+ Measured 2010
 Czech Republic 92.1 kg (203.0 lb) 73.8 kg (162.7 lb) 25–64 Measured 2016–2017
 Estonia 84.4 kg (186.1 lb) 71.2 kg (157.0 lb) 18+ Measured 2003–2010
 France 77.1 kg (170 lb) 62.7 kg (138 lb) 15+ Measured 2005
 Georgia 84.4 kg (186.1 lb) 73.6 kg (162.3 lb) 18–69 Measured 2016
 Germany 85.9 kg (189.4 lb) 69.2 kg (152.6 lb) 18+ Self-reported 2021
 India 65.0 kg (143.3 lb) 55.0 kg (121.3 lb) 16+ Measured 2020
 Norway 86.6 kg (190.9 lb) 71.6 kg (157.9 lb) 18+ Self-reported 2020
 Oman 74.9 kg (165.1 lb) 68.1 kg (150.1 lb) 18+ Measured 2017
 Pakistan 66.0 kg (145.5 lb) 59.0 kg (130.1 lb) 18–69 Measured 2013–2014
 Papua New Guinea 62.5 kg (137.8 lb) 56.8 kg (125.2 lb) 15–64 Measured 2007–2008
 Qatar 84.6 kg (186.5 lb) 73.4 kg (161.8 lb) 18–64 Measured 2012
 Russia 70.6 kg (155.6 lb) 60.2 kg (132.7 lb) 19+ Measured 2018
 Rwanda 58.4 kg (128.7 lb) 55.9 kg (123.2 lb) 15–64 Measured 2012–2013
 Saint Kitts and Nevis 84.5 kg (186.3 lb) 83.0 kg (183.0 lb) 25–64 Measured 2007–2008
 Saudi Arabia 77.3 kg (170.4 lb) 71.7 kg (158.1 lb) 25–64 Measured 2005
 Serbia 84.6 kg (186.5 lb) 70.0 kg (154.3 lb) 20+ Measured 2013
 Sierra Leone 62.0 kg (136.7 lb) 59.0 kg (130.1 lb) 25–64 Measured 2009
 Solomon Islands 75.3 kg (166.0 lb) 70.4 kg (155.2 lb) 25–64 Measured 2006
 South Korea 73.34 kg (161.7 lb) 58.29 kg (128.5 lb) 18+ Measured 2019
 Spain 82.4 kg (181.7 lb) 66.6 kg (146.8 lb) 18–64 Measured 2013
 Sri Lanka 61.4 kg (135.4 lb) 54.6 kg (120.4 lb) 18–69 Measured 2014–2015
 Sudan 65.4 kg (144.2 lb) 61.6 kg (135.8 lb) 18–69 Measured 2016
 Sweden 81.9 kg (180.6 lb) 66.7 kg (147.0 lb) 16–84 Measured 2003–2004
 Togo 63.2 kg (139.3 lb) 60.0 kg (132.3 lb) 15–64 Measured 2010
 Tonga 99.4 kg (219.1 lb) 97.7 kg (215.4 lb) 25–64 Measured 2012
 Trinidad and Tobago 76.7 kg (169.1 lb) 71.1 kg (156.7 lb) 15–64 Measured 2011
 Turkey 78.0 kg (172.0 lb) 70.1 kg (154.5 lb) 15+ Measured 2017
 Turkmenistan 76.6 kg (168.9 lb) 67.4 kg (148.6 lb) 18–69 Measured 2018
 United Kingdom – England 85.4 kg (188.3 lb) 72.1 kg (159.0 lb) 16+ Measured 2019
 United Kingdom – Wales 84.0 kg (185.2 lb) 69.0 kg (152.1 lb) 16+ Measured 2009
 Ukraine 80.0 kg (176.4 lb) 71.0 kg (156.5 lb) 18+ Measured 2020
 United States 90.6 kg (199.7 lb) 77.5 kg (170.9 lb) 20+ Measured 2015–2018

Global statistics

Researchers at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine published a study of average weights of adult humans in the journal BMC Public Health and at the United Nations conference Rio+20.

See also


External links

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