Endocrinology: Difference between revisions
Created page with "{{Short description|Branch of medicine dealing the endocrine system}} {{Infobox medical speciality | title = Endocrinology | subdivisions = | image = 225px | caption = Illustration depicting the primary endocrine organs of a female | system = Endocrine | diseases = Diabetes, Thyroid disease, Androgen excess | tests = Thyroid function tests, Blood s..." |
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====Peptide and protein==== | ====Peptide and protein==== | ||
[[Peptide hormones]] and protein hormones consist of three (in the case of [[thyrotropin-releasing hormone]]) to more than 200 (in the case of [[follicle-stimulating hormone]]) amino acid residues and can have a molecular mass as large as 31,000 grams per mole. All hormones secreted by the pituitary gland are peptide hormones, as are [[leptin]] from adipocytes, [[ghrelin]] from the stomach, and [[insulin]] from the [[pancreas]]. | [[Peptide hormones]] and protein hormones consist of three (in the case of [[thyrotropin-releasing hormone]]) to more than 200 (in the case of [[follicle-stimulating hormone]]) amino acid residues and can have a molecular mass as large as 31,000 grams per mole. All hormones secreted by the pituitary gland are peptide hormones, as are [[leptin]] from adipocytes, [[ghrelin]] from the stomach, and [[insulin]] from the [[pancreas]]. | ||
====Steroid==== | ====Steroid==== | ||
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===Work=== | ===Work=== | ||
The medical specialty of endocrinology involves the diagnostic evaluation of a wide variety of symptoms and variations and the long-term management of disorders of deficiency or excess of one or more hormones. | The medical specialty of endocrinology involves the diagnostic evaluation of a wide variety of symptoms and variations and the long-term management of disorders of deficiency or excess of one or more hormones. | ||
The diagnosis and treatment of endocrine diseases are guided by [[laboratory]] tests to a greater extent than for most specialties. Many diseases are investigated through ''excitation/stimulation'' or ''inhibition/suppression'' testing. This might involve injection with a stimulating agent to test the function of an endocrine organ. Blood is then sampled to assess the changes of the relevant hormones or metabolites. An endocrinologist needs extensive knowledge of [[clinical chemistry]] and [[biochemistry]] to understand the uses and limitations of the investigations. | The diagnosis and treatment of endocrine diseases are guided by [[laboratory]] tests to a greater extent than for most specialties. Many diseases are investigated through ''excitation/stimulation'' or ''inhibition/suppression'' testing. This might involve injection with a stimulating agent to test the function of an endocrine organ. Blood is then sampled to assess the changes of the relevant hormones or metabolites. An endocrinologist needs extensive knowledge of [[clinical chemistry]] and [[biochemistry]] to understand the uses and limitations of the investigations. | ||
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===Training=== | ===Training=== | ||
Endocrinologists are specialists of [[internal medicine]] or [[pediatrics]]. Reproductive endocrinologists deal primarily with problems of [[fertility]] and menstrual function—often training first in obstetrics. Most qualify as an [[internist]], [[pediatrician]], or [[gynecologist]] for a few years before specializing, depending on the local training system. In the U.S. and Canada, training for board certification in internal medicine, [[pediatrics]], or [[gynecology]] after medical school is called residency. Further formal training to subspecialize in adult, [[pediatric endocrinology|pediatric]], or reproductive endocrinology is called a fellowship. Typical training for a North American endocrinologist involves 4 years of college, 4 years of medical school, 3 years of residency, and 2 years of fellowship. In the US, adult endocrinologists are board certified by the [[American Board of Internal Medicine]] (ABIM) or the [[American Osteopathic Board of Internal Medicine]] (AOBIM) in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism. | Endocrinologists are specialists of [[internal medicine]] or [[pediatrics]]. Reproductive endocrinologists deal primarily with problems of [[fertility]] and menstrual function—often training first in obstetrics. Most qualify as an [[internist]], [[pediatrician]], or [[gynecologist]] for a few years before specializing, depending on the local training system. In the U.S. and Canada, training for board certification in internal medicine, [[pediatrics]], or [[gynecology]] after medical school is called residency. Further formal training to subspecialize in adult, [[pediatric endocrinology|pediatric]], or reproductive endocrinology is called a fellowship. Typical training for a North American endocrinologist involves 4 years of college, 4 years of medical school, 3 years of residency, and 2 years of fellowship. In the US, adult endocrinologists are board certified by the [[American Board of Internal Medicine]] (ABIM) or the [[American Osteopathic Board of Internal Medicine]] (AOBIM) in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism. | ||
== Diseases and medicine == | == Diseases and medicine == | ||
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=== Societies and organisations === | === Societies and organisations === | ||
Because endocrinology encompasses so many conditions and diseases, there are many organizations that provide education to patients and the public. [[The Hormone Foundation]] is the public education affiliate of [[The Endocrine Society]] and provides information on all endocrine-related conditions. Other educational organizations that focus on one or more endocrine-related conditions include the [[American Diabetes Association]], [[Human Growth Foundation]], American Menopause Foundation, Inc., and Thyroid Foundation of America. | Because endocrinology encompasses so many conditions and diseases, there are many organizations that provide education to patients and the public. [[The Hormone Foundation]] is the public education affiliate of [[The Endocrine Society]] and provides information on all endocrine-related conditions. Other educational organizations that focus on one or more endocrine-related conditions include the [[American Diabetes Association]], [[Human Growth Foundation]], American Menopause Foundation, Inc., and Thyroid Foundation of America. | ||
In North America the principal professional organizations of endocrinologists include The Endocrine Society, the [[American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE)|American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists]], the American Diabetes Association, the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society, | In North America the principal professional organizations of endocrinologists include The Endocrine Society, the [[American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE)|American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists]], the American Diabetes Association, the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society, | ||
