Medical specialty/ja: Difference between revisions

*Toxicology

*Ultrasound

*Undersea and hyperbaric medicine

*[[Wilderness medicine (practice)|Wilderness medicine]]

| The initial management of emergent medical conditions, often in hospital [[emergency room|emergency departments]] or the field.

| [[Endocrinology]]

| Medicine

| The [[endocrine system]] (i.e., [[endocrine gland]]s and [[hormone]]s) and its diseases, including [[diabetes]] and [[thyroid]] diseases.

| [[Family medicine]]

| Medicine

*Addiction medicine

*Adolescent medicine

*Anesthesia

*[[Emergency medicine]]

*Care of the elderly (geriatric medicine)

*Clinical environmental health

*Global health

*HIV care

*Hospital medicine

*Indigenous health

*Low-risk obstetrics

*Medical education

*Medical oncology

*Medical simulation

*Pain medicine

*Palliative care

*Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS)

*Research

*Sleep medicine

*Sports and exercise medicine

*Women's health

| Continuing, comprehensive healthcare for the individual and family, integrating the biological, clinical and behavioral sciences to treat patients of all ages, sexes, organ systems, and diseases.

| [[Forensic medicine]]

| Medicine

| [[Gastroenterology]]

| Medicine

| The [[alimentary tract]]

| [[General surgery]]

| Surgery

*Colorectal surgery

*Gastrointestinal surgery

*Transplant surgery

*Trauma surgery

| [[Geriatrics]]

| Medicine

| Elderly patients

| [[Gynecology]]

|Female reproductive health

| [[Hepatology]]

| Medicine

| The [[liver]] and [[biliary tract]], usually a part of gastroenterology.

|[[Hospital medicine]]

|Medicine

| [[Infectious disease]]

| Medicine

| Diseases caused by biological agents.

| [[Intensive care medicine]]

| Medicine

| [[Life support]] and management of critically ill patients, often in an [[intensive care unit|ICU]].

| [[Internal medicine]]

| Medicine

| [[Medical research]]

|[[Anatomy]], [[Biochemistry]], [[Embryology]], [[Genetics]], [[Pharmacology]], [[Toxicology]]

|Care of hospitalized patients

| [[Nephrology]]

| Medicine

| Kidney diseases

| [[Neurology]]

| Medicine

*[[Behavioral neurology]]

*[[Clinical neurophysiology]]

*[[Geriatric neurology]]

*Headache medicine

*[[Neuromuscular medicine]]

*[[Neurodevelopmental disorder|Neurodevelopmental disabilities]]

*Neuro-oncology

*[[Neuroradiology]]

*Vascular neurology

*[[Hospice and palliative medicine]]

*[[Pain medicine]]

*[[Sleep medicine]]

| Diseases involving the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems.

| [[Neurosurgery]]

| Surgery

*[[Cerebrovascular]]

*[[Neurosurgical oncology]]

*[[Stereotactic surgery|Stereotactic]] and functional

*[[Vertebral column|Spine]]

*[[Neurotrauma]]

*[[Skull base]]

*[[Peripheral neuropathy|Peripheral nerve]]

*[[Pediatric neurosurgery]]

| Disease of the [[central nervous system]], [[peripheral nervous system]], and [[spinal column]].

| [[Obstetrics and gynecology]]

| Surgery

*[[Maternal-fetal medicine]]

*[[Reproductive medicine]]

*[[Fertility medicine]]

*[[Gynecologic oncology]]

| [[Oncology]]

| Medicine

*[[Radiation oncology]] – pertains to the use of [[radiation therapy]] (the [[medicine|medical]] use of [[ionizing radiation]]) as part of [[cancer]] treatment to control [[malignant]] cells (not to be confused with [[radiology]]).

| [[Cancer]] and other malignant diseases, often grouped with hematology.

| [[Ophthalmology]]

| Surgery

* Anterior segment surgery

* Cornea

* [[Glaucoma]]

* [[Neuro-ophthalmology]]

* [[Ocular oncology]]

* [[Oculoplastics|Oculoplastics and Orbital surgery]]

* [[Ophthalmic pathology]]

* [[Pediatric ophthalmology|Pediatric ophthalmology/strabismus]]

* [[Refractive surgery]]

* [[Retina|Medical retina]]

* [[Uveitis]]

* [[Vitreoretinal surgery|Vitreo-retinal surgery]]

| Diseases of the visual pathways, including the eyes, brain, etc.

| [[Oral and maxillofacial surgery]]

| Surgery

*Oral and Craniofacial surgery (Head and neck)

*Facial cosmetic surgery

*Craniomaxillofacial trauma

| Disease of the head, neck, face, jaws and the hard and soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region.

| [[Orthopedic surgery]]

| Surgery

| [[Hand surgery]], [[surgical sports medicine]], adult reconstruction, spine surgery, foot and ankle, musculoskeletal oncology, orthopedic trauma surgery, pediatric orthopedic surgery

| Injury and disease of the [[musculoskeletal system]].

| [[Otorhinolaryngology]], or ENT

| Surgery

| Head and neck, facial cosmetic surgery, [[Neurotology]], Laryngology

| Treatment of ear, nose, and throat disorders. The term [[head and neck surgery]] defines a closely related specialty that is concerned mainly with [[surgical oncology|the surgical management of cancer]] of the same anatomical structures.

| [[Palliative care]]

| Medicine

| A relatively modern branch of clinical medicine that deals with pain and symptom relief and emotional support in patients with [[terminal illness]]es including [[cancer]] and [[heart failure]].

| [[Pathology as a medical specialty|Pathology]]

| Diagnostic

| Understanding [[disease]] through examination of [[molecule]]s, [[Cell (biology)|cells]], [[Tissue (biology)|tissue]]s and [[Organ (anatomy)|organ]]s. The term encompasses both the medical specialty that uses tissues and body fluids to obtain clinically useful information and the related [[science|scientific]] study of disease processes.

| [[Pediatrics]]

| Medicine

| Children. Like internal medicine, pediatrics has many sub-specialties for specific age ranges, organ systems, disease classes, and sites of care delivery. Most sub-specialties of adult medicine have a pediatric equivalent such as [[pediatric cardiology]], [[pediatric emergency medicine]], [[pediatric endocrinology]], [[pediatric gastroenterology]], [[pediatric hematology]], [[pediatric oncology]], [[pediatric ophthalmology]], and [[neonatology]].

| Deals with the medical care of [[infant]]s, [[child]]ren, and [[adolescent]]s (from [[newborn]] to age 16–21, depending on the country).

| [[Pediatric surgery]]

| Surgery

| Treats a wide variety of [[chest|thoracic]] and [[abdominal]] (and sometimes [[urology|urologic]]) diseases of childhood.

| [[Physical medicine and rehabilitation]] Or Physiatry

| Medicine

*Cancer Rehabilitation

*Pain Management

*Traumatic Brain Injury

*Spinal Cord Injury

*Sports Medicine

*Pediatrics

*Hospice & Palliative Medicine

| Concerned with functional improvement after injury, illness, or [[congenital disorder]]s.

| [[Plastic surgery]]

| Surgery

*Cosmetic surgery

*Burn

*Microsurgery

*Hand surgery

*Craniofacial surgery

| Elective cosmetic surgery as well as reconstructive surgery after traumatic or operative mutilation.

| [[Podiatry]]

| Surgery

*Forefoot surgery

*Midfoot surgery

*Rearfoot surgery

*Ankle surgery

*Soft tissue leg surgery

|Elective podiatric surgery of the foot and ankle, lower limb diabetic wound and salvation, [[peripheral vascular disease]] limb preservation, lower limb [[mononeuropathy]] conditions. Reconstructive [[foot & ankle surgery]].

| [[Proctology]]

| Medicine

| (or [[Colorectal Surgery]]) Treats disease in the [[rectum]], [[anus]], and [[Colon (anatomy)|colon]].

| [[Psychiatry]]

| Medicine

*[[Addiction psychiatry]] focuses on substance abuse and its treatment.

*[[Child psychiatry|Child and adolescent psychiatry]] focuses on the care of children and adolescents with mental, emotional, and learning problems including [[ADHD]], [[autism]], and family conflicts.

*[[Liaison psychiatry|Consultation-Liaison psychiatry]] focuses on the interface between general medicine and psychiatry.

*[[Forensic psychiatry]] focuses on the interface of psychiatry and law.

*[[Geriatric psychiatry]] focuses on the care of elderly people with mental illnesses including [[dementia]]s, post-stroke cognitive changes, and depression.

*[[Neuropsychiatry]] focuses on affective, cognitive and behavioral disorders attributable to diseases of the nervous system

*[[Sleep medicine]] focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders.

*[[Hospice and Palliative Medicine]]

*[[Pain medicine]]

| The [[biopsychosocial|bio-psycho-social]] study of the [[etiology]], [[diagnosis]], treatment and [[Preventive medicine|prevention]] of [[cognitive]], [[perceptual]], [[emotional]] and [[behavioral]] disorders. Related fields include [[psychotherapy]] and [[clinical psychology]].

| [[Pulmonology]]

| Medicine

| The lungs and [[respiratory system]]. ''Pulmonology'' is generally considered a branch of [[internal medicine]], although it is closely related to [[intensive care medicine]] when dealing with patients requiring [[mechanical ventilation]].

| [[Public health|Public Health]]

| Public health focuses on the health of populations. Physicians employed in this field work in policy, research or [[health promotion]], taking a broad view of health that encompasses the [[social determinants of health]].

| [[Radiology]]

| Diagnostic and Therapeutic

*[[Interventional radiology]] is concerned with using expert imaging of the human body, usually via CT, ultrasound, [[fluoroscopy]], or MRI to perform a breadth of intravascular procedures (angioplasty, arterial stenting, thrombolysis, uterine fibroid embolization), [[biopsy|biopsies]] and minimally invasive oncologic procedures (radiofrequency and cryoablation of tumors & transarterial chemoembolization)

*[[Nuclear medicine]] uses [[radioactive decay|radioactive]] substances for ''[[in vivo]]'' and ''[[in vitro]]'' diagnosis either using imaging of the location of radioactive substances placed into a patient or using ''in vitro'' diagnostic tests utilizing [[radioactivity|radioactive]] substances.

| The use of expertise in radiation in the context of [[medical imaging]] for [[diagnosis]] or image guided minimally invasive therapy. [[Radiography|X-rays]], etc.

| [[Surgical oncology]]

| Surgery

| Curative and palliative surgical approaches to [[cancer]] treatment.

| [[Thoracic surgery]]

| Surgery

| Surgery of the organs of the [[thoracic cavity]]: the heart, lungs, and great vessels.

| [[Organ transplantation|Transplant surgery]]

| Surgery

|Transplantation of [[Organ (anatomy)|organs]] from one body to another.

|Toxicology

|Diagnostic and Therapeutic

* Environmental

* Forensic

* Occupational

* Pediatric

|Poisonings, Overdoses; Environmental, and Occupational Exposures

| Urgent Care Medicine

| Medicine

| Immediate medical care offering outpatient care for the treatment of acute and chronic illness and injury.

| [[Urology]]

| Surgery

| [[Urinary tract]]s of males and females, and the [[male reproductive system]]. It is often practiced together with [[andrology]] ("men's health").

| [[Vascular surgery]]

| Surgery

| The peripheral blood vessels – those outside the [[chest]] (usually operated on by [[cardiovascular surgery|cardiovascular surgeons]]) and outside the [[central nervous system]] (treated by [[neurosurgery]]).