Pakistani cuisine/ja: Difference between revisions

'''パキスタン料理'''（{{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|پاکستانی پکوان}}}}、[[:en:Roman Urdu|<small>ローマ字表記</small>]]: ''pākistānī pakwān''）は、[[:en:South Asia|南アジア]]、[[:en:Central Asia|中央アジア]]、[[:en:West Asia|西アジア]]全域の地方料理のスタイルと風味を融合したものである。イラン、インド、アラブの料理の伝統が集大成されている。パキスタン料理は、特にドライフルーツやナッツの使用など、[:en:[Mughal Empire|ムガル帝国]]の影響をレシピや調理法の中に維持している。パキスタンの[[:en:Ethnic groups in Pakistan|民族的]]・[[:en:Culture of Pakistan|文化的]]多様性、多様な気候、地理的環境、様々な農産物の入手可能性が、多様な地域料理につながっている。

Kheer made of roasted ''seviyaan'' ([[vermicelli]]) instead of rice is popular during [[Eid ul-Fitr]]. Gajraila is a sweet made from grated carrots, boiled in milk, sugar, cream and green cardamom, topped with nuts and dried fruit. It is popular in Pakistan, as well as in other parts of South Asia, including Afghanistan.

Like other parts of South Asia, Pakistan also has adopted various [[List of Bangladeshi sweets and desserts|Bengali sweets]] in their diet such as [[Bakarkhani]], [[Chomchom|Cham Cham]], [[Rasmalai]], [[Roshogolla|Rasgulle]], [[Gulab Jamun|Kala Jamun]], [[Curd of Bogra|Meetha Dahi]], [[Malpua]], [[Chhanamukhi|Chenna Murki]], [[Shemai|Seviyaan ki kheer]], etc.

==Tea varieties==

{{Main|Pakistani tea culture}}

Pakistanis drink a great deal of [[tea]], locally called "[[Masala chai|chai]]". Both black (with milk) and green teas are popular and there are different varieties common in different parts of Pakistan.

* In Gilgit-Baltistan and Chitral, as well as areas near the Chinese border, salty Tibetan-style [[butter tea]] is consumed.

* [[Doodh pati chai]] is made by cooking tea leaves with milk and sugar, sometimes served with cardamom for fragrance. Extremely sweet, this is a local variation of a [[builder's tea]].

* "Kashmiri chai" or "[[Noon Chai|noon chai]]", a pink, milky tea with [[pistachio]]s and [[cardamom]], is consumed primarily at special occasions, weddings, and during the winter, when it is sold in many kiosks.

* "Sabz chai" or "[[kahwah]]", a [[green tea]] often served after every meal in [[Kashmir]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], and the [[Pashtun people|Pashtun]] belt of [[Balochistan (Pakistan)|Balochistan]], served with saffron and nuts.

* Sulaimani chai is [[black tea]] served with lemon.

==Beverages==

Besides tea, there are other drinks that may be included as part of the Pakistani cuisine. All of them are non-alcoholic as the consumption of alcohol is prohibited by Islam. During the 20th century, beverages such as [[coffee]] and [[soft drink]]s have also become popular in Pakistan. It is very common to have soft drinks nowadays with Pakistani meals.

* Almond sherbet – Sherbet made with [[almond]]s

* [[Gola ganda|Baraf Gola]] – Frozen Ice in a cup mould served with syrup as a topping

* [[Noon Chai|Kashmiri chai]]/Gulabi chai – A milky tea known for its pink color, with an either sweet or salty taste

* [[Lassi]] – Milk with yogurt, with an either sweet or salty taste

* [[Lemonade]] (Limu pani)

* [[Qehwa]] – Green tea with cardamom

* Sardai – Mixture of different nuts and kishmish

* Sathu – Famous drink from Punjab

* [[Sharbat (beverage)|Sherbet]] (syrup mixed in water)

* Sherbet-e-Sandal – Drink made with the essence of sandal wood

* Sikanjabeen – Lemonade (mint is also added)

* [[Sugarcane juice]] (Ganney ka ras)

* [[Thadal]] – A sweet drink from Sindh

==Halal==

{{Main|Halal}}

Observant Muslims follow the [[Sharia|Islamic law]] that lists foods and drinks that are [[halal]], permissible to consume. The criteria specify both what foods are allowed and how the food must be prepared. The foods addressed are mostly types of meat.

==Foreign influences==

File:McDonald's Sargodha.jpg|[[McDonald's]] outlet at Queens Road, [[Sargodha]]

File:KFC, University Road, Sargodha.jpg|[[KFC]] outlet, University Road, Sargodha

File:A Pizza Hut Restaurant in Karachi Pakistan.jpg|[[Pizza Hut]] outlet in [[Karachi]]

In addition to the traditional food, fast food is also very popular across the country. In big cities, there are many international fast food restaurants, such as [[KFC]], [[McDonald's]], [[Pizza Hut]], [[Subway (restaurant)|Subway]], [[Domino's]], [[Burger King]], [[Hardee's]], [[Papa John's Pizza]], [[Dunkin' Donuts]] and [[Baskin-Robbins]].

Occasionally, people in [[Pakistan]] dine out at restaurants with foreign-influenced food, such as Western, Arab and Chinese dishes. There are many westernized, Chinese restaurants and fast food outlets in urban parts of Pakistan. In the Punjab and Sindh provinces, the majority of urban chains of many American, European and British restaurants have opened in many metropolitan cities, such as [[Karachi]], [[Lahore]], [[Faisalabad]], [[Islamabad-Rawalpindi metropolitan area|Islamabad-Rawalpindi]], [[Gujranwala]], [[Peshawar]], [[Multan]], [[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]], [[Quetta]], [[Sargodha]], [[Bahawalpur]], [[Sialkot]], [[Sukkur]], [[Larkana]] and many others. Marketing and advertisements have attracted Pakistanis to try them out.

Pakistani food makes use of fresh, hand-pounded [[Spice mix|masalas]]. [[Ghee]] is used, but the main component of the meal or a dish is [[meat]] ([[beef]], [[Lamb and mutton|lamb]], [[Chicken (food)|chicken]], [[Goat meat|goat]], or [[Fish as food|fish]]), and [[vegetable]]s are sparingly used. Surprisingly, Pakistani food also makes extensive use of [[olive oil]]. Sparingly used vegetables does not mean there is no [[Vegetarian cuisine|vegetarian food]] on the menu. Since the cuisine is very similar to [[Punjabi cuisine|Punjabi-style of cooking]], [[Tikka (food)|tikka]], simmered [[dal]]s, tawa sabzi, and [[chaat]] feature here.