Potassium citrate: Difference between revisions
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'''Potassium citrate''' (also known as '''tripotassium citrate''') is a [[potassium]] [[salt (chemistry)|salt]] of [[citric acid]] with the molecular formula K<sub>3</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>7</sub>. It is a white, [[hygroscopic]] crystalline powder. It is odorless with a [[salt|saline]] taste. It contains 38.28% potassium by mass. In the monohydrate form, it is highly [[hygroscopic]] and [[deliquescent]]. | '''Potassium citrate''' (also known as '''tripotassium citrate''') is a [[potassium]] [[salt (chemistry)|salt]] of [[citric acid]] with the molecular formula K<sub>3</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>7</sub>. It is a white, [[hygroscopic]] crystalline powder. It is odorless with a [[salt|saline]] taste. It contains 38.28% potassium by mass. In the monohydrate form, it is highly [[hygroscopic]] and [[deliquescent]]. | ||
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As a [[food additive]], potassium citrate is used to regulate acidity, and is known as [[E number]] E332. Medicinally, it may be used to control [[kidney stone]]s derived from [[uric acid]] or [[cystine]]. | As a [[food additive]], potassium citrate is used to regulate acidity, and is known as [[E number]] E332. Medicinally, it may be used to control [[kidney stone]]s derived from [[uric acid]] or [[cystine]]. | ||
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In 2020, it was the 297th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1{{nbsp}}million prescriptions. | In 2020, it was the 297th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1{{nbsp}}million prescriptions. | ||
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==Synthesis== | ==Synthesis== | ||
Potassium citrate can be synthesized by the neutralization of [[citric acid]] which is achieved by the addition of [[potassium bicarbonate]], [[potassium carbonate]] or [[potassium hydroxide]] to it. The solution can then be filtered and the solvent can be evaporated till granulation. | Potassium citrate can be synthesized by the neutralization of [[citric acid]] which is achieved by the addition of [[potassium bicarbonate]], [[potassium carbonate]] or [[potassium hydroxide]] to it. The solution can then be filtered and the solvent can be evaporated till granulation. | ||
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==Uses== | ==Uses== | ||
Potassium citrate is rapidly absorbed when given by mouth, and is excreted in the urine. Since it is an alkaline salt, it is effective in reducing the pain and frequency of [[urination]] when these are caused by highly acidic urine. It is used for this purpose in dogs and cats, but is chiefly employed as a non-irritating [[diuretic]]. | Potassium citrate is rapidly absorbed when given by mouth, and is excreted in the urine. Since it is an alkaline salt, it is effective in reducing the pain and frequency of [[urination]] when these are caused by highly acidic urine. It is used for this purpose in dogs and cats, but is chiefly employed as a non-irritating [[diuretic]]. | ||
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Potassium citrate is an effective way to treat/manage [[Heart arrhythmia|arrhythmia]], if the patient is [[hypokalemia|hypokalemic]]. | Potassium citrate is an effective way to treat/manage [[Heart arrhythmia|arrhythmia]], if the patient is [[hypokalemia|hypokalemic]]. | ||
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It is widely used to treat urinary calculi ([[kidney stones]]), and is often used by patients with [[cystinuria]]. A systematic review showed a significant reduction in the incidence of stone formation [[Relative risk|RR]] 0.26, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.68. | It is widely used to treat urinary calculi ([[kidney stones]]), and is often used by patients with [[cystinuria]]. A systematic review showed a significant reduction in the incidence of stone formation [[Relative risk|RR]] 0.26, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.68. | ||
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It is also used as an [[alkalizing agent]] in the treatment of mild urinary tract infections, such as [[cystitis]]. | It is also used as an [[alkalizing agent]] in the treatment of mild urinary tract infections, such as [[cystitis]]. | ||
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It is also used in many [[soft drinks]] as a [[buffering agent]]. | It is also used in many [[soft drinks]] as a [[buffering agent]]. | ||
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Frequently used in an aqueous solution with other potassium salts, it is a [[Fire extinguisher#Wet_chemical_types|wet chemical fire suppressant]] that is particularly useful against kitchen fires. Its alkaline pH encourages [[saponification]] to insulate the fuel from oxidizing air, and the [[endothermic]] [[dehydration reaction]] absorbs heat energy to reduce temperatures. | Frequently used in an aqueous solution with other potassium salts, it is a [[Fire extinguisher#Wet_chemical_types|wet chemical fire suppressant]] that is particularly useful against kitchen fires. Its alkaline pH encourages [[saponification]] to insulate the fuel from oxidizing air, and the [[endothermic]] [[dehydration reaction]] absorbs heat energy to reduce temperatures. | ||
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==Administration== | ==Administration== | ||
Potassium citrate liquid is usually administered by mouth in a diluted aqueous solution, because of its somewhat caustic effect on the stomach lining, and the potential for other mild health hazards. Pill tablets also exist in normal, and extended-release formulations. | Potassium citrate liquid is usually administered by mouth in a diluted aqueous solution, because of its somewhat caustic effect on the stomach lining, and the potential for other mild health hazards. Pill tablets also exist in normal, and extended-release formulations. | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*Tanner, G.A. [http://jasn.asnjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/9/7/1242 "Potassium citrate improves renal function in rats with polycystic kidney disease"]. ''Journal of the American Society of Nephrology''. Retrieved December 17, 2016. | *Tanner, G.A. [http://jasn.asnjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/9/7/1242 "Potassium citrate improves renal function in rats with polycystic kidney disease"]. ''Journal of the American Society of Nephrology''. Retrieved December 17, 2016. | ||
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{{Mineral supplements}} | {{Mineral supplements}} | ||
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{{二次利用|date=19 April 2024}} | {{二次利用|date=19 April 2024}} | ||
[[Category:Food acidity regulators]] | [[Category:Food acidity regulators]] | ||