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Drug class/ja: Difference between revisions

Drug class/ja
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Created page with "== 外部リンク == * {{cite web | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/drug-names-and-classes/ | title = Drug names and classes | publisher = United States National Library of Medicine | work = PubMed Health | access-date = 2015-11-07 }} * {{cite web | url = https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/InformationbyDrugClass/ | title = Information by Drug Class | publisher = United States Food and Drug Administration | work = Drug Safety and Availability | access-..."
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== 治療クラス ==
== Therapeutic class ==
{{Anchor|Therapeutic class}}
This type of categorisation of drugs is from a [[medicine|medical]] perspective and categorises them by the pathology they are used to treat. Drug classes that are defined by their [[indication (medicine)|therapeutic use]] (the pathology they are intended to treat) include:
この種の薬物の分類は[[medicine/ja|医療]]の観点からのものであり、治療するために使用される病態によって分類される。[[indication (medicine)/ja|治療目的]]（治療が意図される病態）によって定義される薬物クラスには、以下のようなものがある：
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* [[Analgesics]]
* [[Analgesics/ja|鎮痛剤]]
* [[Antibiotic]]
* [[Antibiotic/ja|抗生物質]]
* [[Anticoagulant]]
* [[Anticoagulant/ja|抗凝固剤]]
* [[Antidepressant]]
* [[Antidepressant/ja|抗うつ薬]]
* [[Anticancer]]
* [[Anticancer/ja|抗がん剤]]
* [[Antidiabetic]]
* [[Antidiabetic/ja|抗糖尿病薬]]
* [[Antiepileptic]]
* [[Antiepileptic/ja|抗てんかん薬]]
* [[Antipsychotic]]
* [[Antipsychotic/ja|抗精神病薬]]
* [[Antispasmodic]]
* [[Antispasmodic/ja|抗痙攣薬]]
* [[Antiviral]]
* [[Antiviral/ja|抗ウイルス薬]]
* [[Cardiovascular]]
* [[Cardiovascular/ja|心臓血管]]
* [[Depressant]]
* [[Depressant/ja|抗うつ薬]]
* [[Sedative]]
* [[Sedative/ja|鎮静薬]]
* [[Stimulant]]
* [[Stimulant/ja|興奮剤]]
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==合併クラス==
==Amalgamated classes==
{{Anchor|Amalgamated classes}}
Some drug classes have been amalgamated from these three principles to meet practical needs. The class of [[nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]] (NSAIDs) is one such example. Strictly speaking, and also historically, the wider class of anti-inflammatory drugs also comprises [[Corticosteroid|''steroidal'' anti-inflammatory drugs]]. These drugs were in fact the predominant anti-inflammatories during the decade leading up to the introduction of the term "nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs." Because of the disastrous reputation that the corticosteroids had got in the 1950s, the new term, which offered to signal that an anti-inflammatory drug was not a steroid, rapidly gained currency. The drug class of "nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs" (NSAIDs) is thus composed by one element ("anti-inflammatory") that designates the mechanism of action, and one element ("nonsteroidal") that separates it from other drugs with that same mechanism of action. Similarly, one might argue that the class of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD) is composed by one element ("disease-modifying") that albeit vaguely designates a mechanism of action, and one element ("anti-rheumatic drug") that indicates its therapeutic use.
いくつかの薬物クラスは、実用的なニーズを満たすために、これらの3つの原則から合併されている。[[nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs/ja|非ステロイド性抗炎症薬]]（NSAIDs）はその一例である。厳密には、また歴史的にも、抗炎症薬の広いクラスは[[Corticosteroid/ja|''ステロイド''抗炎症薬]]からも構成されている。これらの薬物は、"非ステロイド性抗炎症薬"という言葉が使われるようになるまでの10年間、抗炎症薬の主流であった。1950年代に副腎皮質ステロイドが悲惨な評判を得たため、抗炎症薬がステロイドではないことを示すこの新しい用語は急速に広まった。このように、「非ステロイド性抗炎症薬」（NSAIDs）という薬物は、作用機序を示す1つの要素（「抗炎症性」）と、同じ作用機序を持つ他の薬物と区別する1つの要素（「非ステロイド性」）によって構成されている。同様に、疾患修飾性抗リウマチ薬（DMARD）のクラスは、作用機序を漠然とではあるが示す1つの要素（「疾患修飾性」）と、治療用途を示す1つの要素（「抗リウマチ薬」）によって構成されていると言えるかもしれない。
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* [[Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug/ja|非ステロイド性抗炎症薬]]（NSAID）
* [[Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug]] (NSAID)
* [[Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug/ja|疾患修飾性抗リウマチ薬]]（DMARD
* [[Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug]] (DMARD)
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==その他の分類システム==
==Other systems of classification==
{{Anchor|Other systems of classification}}
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薬物を分類するシステムは他にも存在し、例えば[[Biopharmaceutics Classification System/ja|生物薬剤学分類システム]]は溶解度と腸管透過性によって薬物の属性を決定する。
Other systems of drug classification exist, for example the [[Biopharmaceutics Classification System]] which determines a drugs' attributes by solubility and intestinal permeability.
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== 法的分類 ==
== Legal classification ==
{{Anchor|Legal classification}}
* For the UK legal classification, see [[Drugs controlled by the UK Misuse of Drugs Act]]  
* 英国の法的分類については、[[:en:Drugs controlled by the UK Misuse of Drugs Act|英国薬物乱用防止法で規制される薬物]]を参照のこと。
* For the US legal classification, see {{section link|Controlled Substances Act|Schedules of controlled substances}}
* 米国の法的分類については、{{section link|Controlled Substances Act|Schedules of Controlled Substances}}を参照のこと。
*For the Canadian legal classification, see [https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/index.html Controlled Drugs and Substances Act]
*カナダの法的分類については[https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/index.html 規制薬物・物質法]を参照のこと。
* [[Pregnancy category]] is defined using a variety of systems by different jurisdictions
* [[Pregnancy category/ja|妊娠カテゴリー]]は、管轄区域によって様々なシステムを用いて定義されている。
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== 外部リンク ==
== 外部リンク ==
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