Fusion cuisine/ja: Difference between revisions

フュージョン料理は、異なる文化圏に起源を持つ様々な調理技術を組み合わせて、新しい種類の料理を生み出すものである。一般的にシェフによって考案されるが、自然発生的に生まれることもありる。融合する料理は、特定の地域（[[East Asian cuisine/ja|東アジア料理]]や[[European cuisine/ja|ヨーロッパ料理]]など）、サブ地域（[[Cuisine of the Southwestern United States/ja|アメリカ南西部料理]]や[[New Mexican cuisine/ja|ニューメキシコ料理]]など）、または国（[[Chinese cuisine/ja|中華料理]]、[[Japanese cuisine/ja|日本料理]]、[[Korean cuisine/ja|韓国料理]]、[[French cuisine/ja|フランス料理]]、[[Italian cuisine/ja|イタリア料理]]など）に由来することがある。異なるアジア諸国の様々な料理を組み合わせたアジアンフュージョンレストランは、アメリカ、イギリス、オーストラリアの多くの地域で人気を博しています。多くの場合、[[List of cuisines/ja#Cuisines of East Asia|東アジア]]、[[List of cuisines/ja#Cuisines of Southeast Asia|東南アジア]]、[[South Asian cuisine/ja|南アジア]]の料理が並んで提供され、これらの料理から着想を得た組み合わせ料理も提供される。カリフォルニア料理はフュージョン文化と見なされており、特に[[Italian cuisine/ja|イタリア]]、[[French cuisine/ja|フランス]]、[[Mexican cuisine/ja|メキシコ]]、ヨーロッパの[[delicatessen/ja|デリカテッセン]]の概念、そして東アジアから着想を得て、これらの文化の伝統的な料理を非伝統的な食材で作り出している。例えば、[[California pizza/ja|カリフォルニアピザ]]が挙げられる。オーストラリアでは、移民によりフュージョン料理が再構築され、数多くのカフェやレストランでますます一般的になっており、シドニーの[[:en:Tetsuya's|テツヤズ]]のようなアジアンフュージョンレストランは、[[:en:The World's 50 Best Restaurants|世界のベストレストラン50]]で上位にランクインしている。イギリスの[[fish and chips/ja|フィッシュ・アンド・チップス]]は、[[Jewish cuisine/ja|ユダヤ]]、[[French cuisine/ja|フランス]]、[[Belgian cuisine/ja|ベルギー]]料理に由来する食材を組み合わせているため、初期のフュージョン料理と見なすことができる。

Indian-Chinese cuisine is an example of how gradual migration and exchange across shared [[Border|international borders]] contributes to fusion cuisine. Similar cases are [[Korean Chinese cuisine|Sino-Korean]] food emerging from Chinese diasporas in Korea and shared borders between Korea and Northeastern China, and [[Mexican-American cuisine]] influenced by Mexican immigration to the Southwest United States that combines [[Mexican cuisine|Mexican]], [[Indigenous cuisine of the Americas|Native American]], and European flavors.  

The convergence of two or more immigrant groups in a different host country can also lead to the emergence of fusion cuisines. [[History of Chinese Americans|Chinese]] and [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Latin]] American immigrants to the United States have collaboratively founded fusion restaurants, serving dishes such as [[Dumpling|Chinese dumplings]] filled with [[Cochinita pibil|traditional slow-roasted pork]] from the Yucatàn Peninsula. In the United States, Asian fusion cuisine can constitute pan-Asian multi-ethnic ingredients such as rice, leading to a newfound form of "American" Asian food unfound in Asia.One popular example of pan-Asian fusion food found in North America is the rice bowl, often with ingredients commonly used together in Asia such as garlic with chili, stir-fried vegetables with tofu. This illustrates the dynamic process between fusion food and its relationship with intercultural solidarity, influenced by both local and other immigrant cultures.

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=== Modern fusion food ===

Japanese cooking techniques were combined with French techniques in 1970s France to create [[nouvelle cuisine]].

[[Wolfgang Puck]] is attributed as one of the pioneers of fusion cuisine, with some dispute. However, his restaurant ''Chinois on Main'' was named after the term attributed to Richard Wing, who in the 1960s combined French and Chinese cooking at the former [[Imperial Dynasty (restaurant)|Imperial Dynasty]] restaurant in [[Hanford, California]].

Chef [[Norman Van Aken]] was the first person to use the term "fusion cooking" as he delivered a speech at a symposium in Santa Fe in 1988. Soon journalist Regina Schrambling wrote about Van Aken's work and the term spread around the globe. Norman Van Aken ended his speech by discussing the history of fusion cuisine, such as the use of coffee in Italian cuisine. Van Aken related this to coffee being used in different desserts such as Calabrian [[ricotta]] with chocolate [[mousse]].

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== List of fusion cuisine ==

* American cuisine (European cuisine, Indigenous cuisine of the Americas, Soul food, Cajun cuisine, Louisiana Creole cuisine, Pennsylvania Dutch cuisine, Mormon foodways, Texan cuisine, Tex-Mex cuisine, New-Mexican)

* Hong Kong cuisine (Chinese cuisine predominantly Cantonese cuisine, European cuisine especially British cuisine, Japanese, Korean and Southeast Asian cuisines)

* Macanese cuisine (Chinese cuisine predominantly Cantonese cuisine, European cuisine exactly Portuguese cuisine and Southeast Asian cuisines)

* Taiwanese cuisine (Chinese cuisine particularly Fujian cuisine and Hakka cuisine, Japanese cuisine and American cuisine)

* Singaporean cuisine (Chinese cuisine, Malay/Indonesian cuisine, Indian cuisine, Peranakan cuisine, Eurasian cuisine and European cuisine particularly English cuisine and Portuguese cuisine)

* Eurasian cuisine of Singapore and Malaysia

* Italian-American cuisine (Italian cuisine and American cuisine)

* Japanese Chinese cuisine (Japanese cuisine and Chinese cuisine)

* Malaysian Chinese cuisine (Chinese cuisine with roots from Fujian, Cantonese, Hakka and Teochew cuisines and Malaysian cuisine)

* Indian Chinese cuisine (Indian cuisine and Chinese cuisine)

* Yoshoku (European cuisine and Japanese cuisine)

* Peruvian cuisine (European cuisine, particularly Spanish and Italian, Asian cuisine, particularly Cantonese and Japanese, African cuisine, particularly Maghrebi and West African, Indigenous cuisine, particularly Quechua and Aymara)