Template:Infobox copper: Difference between revisions
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Created page with "{{Infobox element |name =copper |symbol =Cu |Z =29 |number =29 |abundance= |abundance in earth's crust= |abundance in oceans= |abundance in solar system= |left=nickel |right=zinc |above=– |below=Ag |appearance=Red-orange metallic luster |image name=NatCopper.jpg |electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 1 |phase= |phase comment= |density=8.935 g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name="Arblaster 2018" /> |density conditions=(at 20° C) |density gplstp= |d..." |
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Latest revision as of 19:14, 18 April 2024
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| Copper | |||||||||||||||
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| Appearance | Red-orange metallic luster | ||||||||||||||
| Standard atomic weight Ar°(Cu) | |||||||||||||||
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| Copper in the periodic table | |||||||||||||||
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| Atomic number (Z) | 29 | ||||||||||||||
| Electron configuration | [Ar] 3d10 4s1 | ||||||||||||||
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Physical properties | |||||||||||||||
| Phase at STP | solid | ||||||||||||||
| Melting point | 1357.77 K (1084.62 °C, 1984.32 °F) | ||||||||||||||
| Boiling point | 2835 K (2562 °C, 4643 °F) | ||||||||||||||
| Density (at 20° C) | 8.935 g/cm3[1] | ||||||||||||||
| when liquid (at m.p.) | 8.02 g/cm3 | ||||||||||||||
| Heat of fusion | 13.26 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||
| Heat of vaporization | 300.4 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||
| Molar heat capacity | 24.440 J/(mol·K) | ||||||||||||||
Vapor pressure
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| Atomic properties | |||||||||||||||
| Oxidation states | −2, 0,[2] +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide) | ||||||||||||||
| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.90 | ||||||||||||||
| Ionization energies |
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| Atomic radius | empirical: 128 pm | ||||||||||||||
| Covalent radius | 132±4 pm | ||||||||||||||
| Van der Waals radius | 140 pm | ||||||||||||||
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| Other properties | |||||||||||||||
| Natural occurrence | primordial | ||||||||||||||
| Crystal structure | face-centered cubic (fcc) (cF4) | ||||||||||||||
| Lattice constant |  | ||||||||||||||
| Thermal expansion | 16.5 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C) | ||||||||||||||
| Thermal conductivity | 401 W/(m⋅K) | ||||||||||||||
| Electrical resistivity | 16.78 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C) | ||||||||||||||
| Magnetic ordering | diamagnetic[3] | ||||||||||||||
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | −5.46×10−6 cm3/mol[4] | ||||||||||||||
| Young's modulus | 110–128 GPa | ||||||||||||||
| Shear modulus | 48 GPa | ||||||||||||||
| Bulk modulus | 140 GPa | ||||||||||||||
| Speed of sound thin rod | (annealed) 3810 m/s (at r.t.) | ||||||||||||||
| Poisson ratio | 0.34 | ||||||||||||||
| Mohs hardness | 3.0 | ||||||||||||||
| Vickers hardness | 343–369 MPa | ||||||||||||||
| Brinell hardness | 235–878 MPa | ||||||||||||||
| CAS Number | 7440-50-8 | ||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||
| Naming | after Cyprus, principal mining place in Roman era (Cyprium) | ||||||||||||||
| Discovery | Middle East (9000 BC) | ||||||||||||||
| Symbol | "Cu": from Latin cuprum | ||||||||||||||
| Isotopes of copper | |||||||||||||||
| Template:infobox copper isotopes does not exist | |||||||||||||||
| Cu · Copper | ||
|---|---|---|
| Ni ← |
→ Zn | |
| indexes by PT (page) | ||
| Data sets read by {{Infobox element}} | |
|---|---|
| Name and identifiers | |
| Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial) | |
| Top image (caption, alt) | |
| Pronunciation | |
| Allotropes (overview) | |
| Group (overview) | |
| Period (overview) | |
| Block (overview) | |
| Natural occurrence | |
| Phase at STP | |
| Oxidation states | |
| Spectral lines image | |
| Electron configuration (cmt, ref) | |
| Isotopes | |
| Standard atomic weight | |
| most stable isotope | |
 Wikidata
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| Wikidata * | |
| * Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01) See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (0) · (this table: ) | |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
- ↑ Moret, Marc-Etienne; Zhang, Limei; Peters, Jonas C. (2013). "A Polar Copper–Boron One-Electron σ-Bond". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 (10): 3792–3795. doi:10.1021/ja4006578. PMID 23418750.
- ↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-03-03.
- ↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
