Bifidobacterium/ja: Difference between revisions

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母乳には高濃度の乳糖と低量のリン酸塩（[[pH buffer/ja|pH緩衝剤]]）が含まれている。そのため、母乳が乳児の消化管内で乳酸菌（ビフィズス菌を含む）によって発酵されると、pHが低下してグラム陰性菌が増殖しにくくなる可能性がある。

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== ビフィズス菌と乳児の腸内環境{{Anchor|Bifidobacteria and the infant gut}} ==

== Bifidobacteria and the infant gut ==

ヒトの乳児の腸は、出生までは比較的無菌状態で、周囲の環境や母親から細菌を取り込む。乳児の腸を構成する[[microbiota/ja|マイクロバイオータ]]は成人の腸とは異なる。乳児がマイクロバイオームの成人期に達するのは3歳頃で、マイクロバイオームの多様性が高まり、安定し、固形食に切り替わる時期である。母乳で育てられた乳児は、主に粉ミルクで育てられた乳児に比べ、''ビフィズス菌''に早くからコロニー形成される。ビフィドバクテリウム''は乳児の腸内マイクロバイオームで最も一般的な細菌である。乳幼児では[[genotype/ja|遺伝子型]]の経時的変動が大きく、成人の''ビフィドバクテリウム''に比べて安定性に欠ける。3歳未満の乳幼児はマイクロバイオーム細菌の多様性は低いが、成人と比較すると個体間の多様性は高い。乳児の腸内細菌叢の''ビフィズス菌''の減少と多様性の増加は、母乳摂取量の減少と固形食摂取量の増加に伴って起こる。哺乳類の母乳にはすべて[[oligosaccharide/ja|オリゴ糖]]が含まれており、自然淘汰が見られる。ヒトの母乳のオリゴ糖は酵素で消化されず、消化管を通過した後、大腸で微生物叢によって分解される。ビフィズス菌''種のゲノム''[[Bifidobacterium longum/ja|B. longum]]''、B. bifidum、[[Bifidobacterium breve/ja|B. breve]]には、ヒトの母乳オリゴ糖の一部を加水分解できる遺伝子が含まれており、母乳栄養の乳児に多く見られる。ヒトによって産生された[[Glycan/ja|糖鎖]]は、''ビフィズス菌''の餌とエネルギーに変換される。

~~The human infant gut is relatively sterile up until birth, where it takes up bacteria from its surrounding environment and its mother. The~~ [[microbiota]] that makes up the infant gut differs from the adult gut. An infant reaches the adult stage of their microbiome at around three years of age, when their microbiome diversity increases, stabilizes, and the infant switches over to solid foods. Breast-fed infants are colonized earlier by ''~~Bifidobacterium~~'' ~~when compared to babies that are primarily formula-fed.~~ ''~~Bifidobacterium~~'~~' is the most common bacteria in the infant gut microbiome. There is more variability in~~ [[genotype]]~~s over time in infants, making them less stable compared to the adult~~ ''~~Bifidobacterium~~''~~. Infants and children under three years old show low diversity in microbiome bacteria, but more diversity between individuals when compared to adults. Reduction of~~ ''~~Bifidobacterium~~'' ~~and increase in diversity of the infant gut microbiome occurs with less breast-milk intake and increase of solid food intake. Mammalian milk all contain~~ [[oligosaccharide]]~~s showing natural selection. Human milk oligosaccharides are not digested by enzymes and remain whole through the digestive tract before being broken down in the colon by microbiota. ''Bifidobacterium~~'' ~~species genomes of~~ ''[[Bifidobacterium longum|B. longum]]~~, B~~. ~~bifidum,~~ [[Bifidobacterium breve|B. breve]]~~'' contain genes that can hydrolyze some of the human milk oligosaccharides and these are found in higher numbers in infants that are breast-fed.~~ [[Glycan]]~~s that are produced by the humans are converted into food and energy for the~~ ''~~B. bifidum.~~'' ~~showing an example of [[coevolution]].~~

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== 種{{Anchor|Species}} ==

== Species ==

''ビフィドバクテリウム属''は以下の種からなる：

~~The genus~~ ''~~Bifidobacterium~~'' ~~comprises the following species:~~

* ''[[Bifidobacterium actinocoloniiforme|B. actinocoloniiforme]]'' Killer et al. 2011

* ''[[Bifidobacterium actinocoloniiforme/ja|B. actinocoloniiforme]]'' Killer et al. 2011

* ''[[Bifidobacterium adolescentis|B. adolescentis]]'' Reuter 1963 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium adolescentis/ja|B. adolescentis]]'' Reuter 1963 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium aemilianum|B. aemilianum]]'' Alberoni et al. 2019

* ''[[Bifidobacterium aemilianum/ja|B. aemilianum]]'' Alberoni et al. 2019

* ''[[Bifidobacterium aerophilum|B. aerophilum]]'' Michelini et al. 2017

* ''[[Bifidobacterium aerophilum/ja|B. aerophilum]]'' Michelini et al. 2017

* ''[[Bifidobacterium aesculapii|B. aesculapii]]'' Modesto et al. 2014

* ''[[Bifidobacterium aesculapii/ja|B. aesculapii]]'' Modesto et al. 2014

* ''[[Bifidobacterium amazonense|B. amazonense]]'' Lugli et al. 2021

* ''[[Bifidobacterium amazonense/ja|B. amazonense]]'' Lugli et al. 2021

* ''[[Bifidobacterium angulatum|B. angulatum]]'' Scardovi and Crociani 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium angulatum/ja|B. angulatum]]'' Scardovi and Crociani 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium animalis|B. animalis]]'' (Mitsuoka 1969) Scardovi and Trovatelli 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium animalis/ja|B. animalis]]'' (Mitsuoka 1969) Scardovi and Trovatelli 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium anseris|B. anseris]]'' Lugli et al. 2018

* ''[[Bifidobacterium anseris/ja|B. anseris]]'' Lugli et al. 2018

* ''[[Bifidobacterium apousia|B. apousia]]'' Chen et al. 2022

* ''[[Bifidobacterium apousia/ja|B. apousia]]'' Chen et al. 2022

* ''[[Bifidobacterium apri|B. apri]]'' Pechar et al. 2017

* ''[[Bifidobacterium apri/ja|B. apri]]'' Pechar et al. 2017

* ''[[Bifidobacterium aquikefiri|B. aquikefiri]]'' Laureys et al. 2016

* ''[[Bifidobacterium aquikefiri/ja|B. aquikefiri]]'' Laureys et al. 2016

* ''[[Bifidobacterium asteroides|B. asteroides]]'' Scardovi and Trovatelli 1969 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium asteroides/ja|B. asteroides]]'' Scardovi and Trovatelli 1969 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium avesanii|B. avesanii]]'' Michelini et al. 2019

* ''[[Bifidobacterium avesanii/ja|B. avesanii]]'' Michelini et al. 2019

* ''[[Bifidobacterium biavatii|B. biavatii]]'' Endo et al. 2012

* ''[[Bifidobacterium biavatii/ja|B. biavatii]]'' Endo et al. 2012

* ''[[Bifidobacterium bifidum|B. bifidum]]'' (Tissier 1900) Orla-Jensen 1924 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium bifidum/ja|B. bifidum]]'' (Tissier 1900) Orla-Jensen 1924 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium bohemicum|B. bohemicum]]'' Killer et al. 2011

* ''[[Bifidobacterium bohemicum/ja|B. bohemicum]]'' Killer et al. 2011

* ''[[Bifidobacterium bombi|B. bombi]]'' Killer et al. 2009

* ''[[Bifidobacterium bombi/ja|B. bombi]]'' Killer et al. 2009

* ''[[Bifidobacterium boum|B. boum]]'' Scardovi et al. 1979 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium boum/ja|B. boum]]'' Scardovi et al. 1979 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium breve|B. breve]]'' Reuter 1963 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium breve/ja|B. breve]]'' Reuter 1963 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium callimiconis|B. callimiconis]]'' Duranti et al. 2019

* ''[[Bifidobacterium callimiconis/ja|B. callimiconis]]'' Duranti et al. 2019

* ''[[Bifidobacterium callitrichidarum|B. callitrichidarum]]'' Modesto et al. 2018

* ''[[Bifidobacterium callitrichidarum/ja|B. callitrichidarum]]'' Modesto et al. 2018

* ''[[Bifidobacterium callitrichos|B. callitrichos]]'' Endo et al. 2012

* ''[[Bifidobacterium callitrichos/ja|B. callitrichos]]'' Endo et al. 2012

* ''[[Bifidobacterium canis|B. canis]]'' Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2020

* ''[[Bifidobacterium canis/ja|B. canis]]'' Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2020

* ''[[Bifidobacterium castoris|B. castoris]]'' Duranti et al. 2019

* ''[[Bifidobacterium castoris/ja|B. castoris]]'' Duranti et al. 2019

* ''[[Bifidobacterium catenulatum|B. catenulatum]]'' Scardovi and Crociani 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium catenulatum/ja|B. catenulatum]]'' Scardovi and Crociani 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium catulorum|B. catulorum]]'' Modesto et al. 2018

* ''[[Bifidobacterium catulorum/ja|B. catulorum]]'' Modesto et al. 2018

* ''[[Bifidobacterium cebidarum|B. cebidarum]]'' Duranti et al. 2020

* ''[[Bifidobacterium cebidarum/ja|B. cebidarum]]'' Duranti et al. 2020

* ''[[Bifidobacterium choerinum|B. choerinum]]'' Scardovi et al. 1979 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium choerinum/ja|B. choerinum]]'' Scardovi et al. 1979 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium choladohabitans|B.choladohabitans ]]'' Chen et al. 2022

* ''[[Bifidobacterium choladohabitans/ja|B.choladohabitans ]]'' Chen et al. 2022

* ''[[Bifidobacterium choloepi|B. choloepi]]'' Modesto et al. 2020

* ''[[Bifidobacterium choloepi/ja|B. choloepi]]'' Modesto et al. 2020

* ''[[Bifidobacterium colobi|B. colobi]]'' Lugli et al. 2021

* ''[[Bifidobacterium colobi/ja|B. colobi]]'' Lugli et al. 2021

* ''[[Bifidobacterium commune|B. commune]]'' Praet et al. 2015

* ''[[Bifidobacterium commune/ja|B. commune]]'' Praet et al. 2015

* ''[[Bifidobacterium criceti|B. criceti]]'' Lugli et al. 2018

* ''[[Bifidobacterium criceti/ja|B. criceti]]'' Lugli et al. 2018

* "''[[Bifidobacterium crudilactis|B. crudilactis]]''" Delcenserie et al. 2007

* "''[[Bifidobacterium crudilactis/ja|B. crudilactis]]''" Delcenserie et al. 2007

* ''[[Bifidobacterium cuniculi|B.cuniculi ]]'' Scardovi et al. 1979 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium cuniculi/ja|B.cuniculi ]]'' Scardovi et al. 1979 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium dentium|B. dentium]]'' Scardovi and Crociani 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium dentium/ja|B. dentium]]'' Scardovi and Crociani 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium dolichotidis|B. dolichotidis]]'' Duranti et al. 2019

* ''[[Bifidobacterium dolichotidis/ja|B. dolichotidis]]'' Duranti et al. 2019

* "''[[Bifidobacterium eriksonii|B. eriksonii]]''" Cato et al. 1970

* "''[[Bifidobacterium eriksonii/ja|B. eriksonii]]''" Cato et al. 1970

* ''[[Bifidobacterium erythrocebi|B. erythrocebi]]'' Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021

* ''[[Bifidobacterium erythrocebi/ja|B. erythrocebi]]'' Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021

* ''[[Bifidobacterium eulemuris|B. eulemuris]]'' Michelini et al. 2016

* ''[[Bifidobacterium eulemuris/ja|B. eulemuris]]'' Michelini et al. 2016

* ''[[Bifidobacterium faecale|B. faecale]]'' Choi et al. 2014

* ''[[Bifidobacterium faecale/ja|B. faecale]]'' Choi et al. 2014

* ''[[Bifidobacterium felsineum|B. felsineum]]'' Modesto et al. 2020

* ''[[Bifidobacterium felsineum/ja|B. felsineum]]'' Modesto et al. 2020

* ''[[Bifidobacterium gallicum|B. gallicum]]'' Lauer 1990

* ''[[Bifidobacterium gallicum/ja|B. gallicum]]'' Lauer 1990

* ''[[Bifidobacterium gallinarum|B. gallinarum]]'' Watabe et al. 1983

* ''[[Bifidobacterium gallinarum/ja|B. gallinarum]]'' Watabe et al. 1983

* ''[[Bifidobacterium globosum|B. globosum]]'' (ex Scardovi et al. 1969) Biavati et al. 1982

* ''[[Bifidobacterium globosum/ja|B. globosum]]'' (ex Scardovi et al. 1969) Biavati et al. 1982

* ''[[Bifidobacterium goeldii|B. goeldii]]'' Duranti et al. 2019

* ''[[Bifidobacterium goeldii/ja|B. goeldii]]'' Duranti et al. 2019

* ''[[Bifidobacterium hapali|B. hapali]]'' Michelini et al. 2016

* ''[[Bifidobacterium hapali/ja|B. hapali]]'' Michelini et al. 2016

* ''[[Bifidobacterium imperatoris|B. ]]'' Lugli et al. 2018

* ''[[Bifidobacterium imperatoris/ja|B. ]]'' Lugli et al. 2018

* ''[[Bifidobacterium indicum|B. indicum]]'' Scardovi and Trovatelli 1969 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium indicum/ja|B. indicum]]'' Scardovi and Trovatelli 1969 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium italicum|B. italicum]]'' Lugli et al. 2018

* ''[[Bifidobacterium italicum/ja|B. italicum]]'' Lugli et al. 2018

* ''[[Bifidobacterium jacchi|B. jacchi]]'' Modesto et al. 2019

* ''[[Bifidobacterium jacchi/ja|B. jacchi]]'' Modesto et al. 2019

* ''[[Bifidobacterium lemurum|B. lemurum]]'' Modesto et al. 2015

* ''[[Bifidobacterium lemurum/ja|B. lemurum]]'' Modesto et al. 2015

* ''[[Bifidobacterium leontopitheci|B. leontopitheci]]'' Duranti et al. 2020

* ''[[Bifidobacterium leontopitheci/ja|B. leontopitheci]]'' Duranti et al. 2020

* ''[[Bifidobacterium longum|B. longum]]'' Reuter 1963 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium longum/ja|B. longum]]'' Reuter 1963 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium magnum|B. magnum]]'' Scardovi and Zani 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium magnum/ja|B. magnum]]'' Scardovi and Zani 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium margollesii|B.margollesii ]]'' Lugli et al. 2018

* ''[[Bifidobacterium margollesii/ja|B.margollesii ]]'' Lugli et al. 2018

* ''[[Bifidobacterium merycicum|B. merycicum]]'' Biavati and Mattarelli 1991

* ''[[Bifidobacterium merycicum/ja|B. merycicum]]'' Biavati and Mattarelli 1991

* ''[[Bifidobacterium miconis|B. miconis]]'' Lugli et al. 2021

* ''[[Bifidobacterium miconis/ja|B. miconis]]'' Lugli et al. 2021

* ''[[Bifidobacterium miconisargentati|B. miconisargentati]]'' Lugli et al. 2021

* ''[[Bifidobacterium miconisargentati/ja|B. miconisargentati]]'' Lugli et al. 2021

* ''[[Bifidobacterium minimum|B. minimum]]'' Biavati et al. 1982

* ''[[Bifidobacterium minimum/ja|B. minimum]]'' Biavati et al. 1982

* ''[[Bifidobacterium mongoliense|B. mongoliense]]'' Watanabe et al. 2009

* ''[[Bifidobacterium mongoliense/ja|B. mongoliense]]'' Watanabe et al. 2009

* ''[[Bifidobacterium moraviense|B. moraviense]]'' Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021

* ''[[Bifidobacterium moraviense/ja|B. moraviense]]'' Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021

* ''[[Bifidobacterium moukalabense|B. moukalabense]]'' Tsuchida et al. 2014

* ''[[Bifidobacterium moukalabense/ja|B. moukalabense]]'' Tsuchida et al. 2014

* ''[[Bifidobacterium myosotis|B. myosotis]]'' Michelini et al. 2016

* ''[[Bifidobacterium myosotis/ja|B. myosotis]]'' Michelini et al. 2016

* ''[[Bifidobacterium oedipodis|B. oedipodis]]'' Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021

* ''[[Bifidobacterium oedipodis/ja|B. oedipodis]]'' Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021

* ''[[Bifidobacterium olomucense|B. olomucense]]'' Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021

* ''[[Bifidobacterium olomucense/ja|B. olomucense]]'' Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021

* ''[[Bifidobacterium panos|B. panos]]'' Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021

* ''[[Bifidobacterium panos/ja|B. panos]]'' Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021

* ''[[Bifidobacterium parmae|B. parmae]]'' Lugli et al. 2018

* ''[[Bifidobacterium parmae/ja|B. parmae]]'' Lugli et al. 2018

* "''[[Bifidobacterium platyrrhinorum|B. platyrrhinorum]]''" Modesto et al. 2020

* "''[[Bifidobacterium platyrrhinorum/ja|B. platyrrhinorum]]''" Modesto et al. 2020

* ''[[Bifidobacterium pluvialisilvae|B. pluvialisilvae]]'' Lugli et al. 2021

* ''[[Bifidobacterium pluvialisilvae/ja|B. pluvialisilvae]]'' Lugli et al. 2021

* ''[[Bifidobacterium polysaccharolyticum|B. polysaccharolyticum]]'' Chen et al. 2022

* ''[[Bifidobacterium polysaccharolyticum/ja|B. polysaccharolyticum]]'' Chen et al. 2022

* ''[[Bifidobacterium pongonis|B. pongonis]]'' Lugli et al. 2021

* ''[[Bifidobacterium pongonis/ja|B. pongonis]]'' Lugli et al. 2021

* ''[[Bifidobacterium porcinum|B. porcinum]]'' (Zhu et al. 2003) Nouioui et al. 2018

* ''[[Bifidobacterium porcinum/ja|B. porcinum]]'' (Zhu et al. 2003) Nouioui et al. 2018

* ''[[Bifidobacterium primatium|B. primatium]]'' Modesto et al. 2020

* ''[[Bifidobacterium primatium/ja|B. primatium]]'' Modesto et al. 2020

* ''[[Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum|B. pseudocatenulatum]]'' Scardovi et al. 1979 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum/ja|B. pseudocatenulatum]]'' Scardovi et al. 1979 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium pseudolongum|B. pseudolongum]]'' Mitsuoka 1969 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium pseudolongum/ja|B. pseudolongum]]'' Mitsuoka 1969 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium psychraerophilum|B. psychraerophilum]]'' Simpson et al. 2004

* ''[[Bifidobacterium psychraerophilum/ja|B. psychraerophilum]]'' Simpson et al. 2004

* ''[[Bifidobacterium pullorum|B. pullorum]]'' Trovatelli et al. 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium pullorum/ja|B. pullorum]]'' Trovatelli et al. 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium ramosum|B. ramosum]]'' Michelini et al. 2017

* ''[[Bifidobacterium ramosum/ja|B. ramosum]]'' Michelini et al. 2017

* ''[[Bifidobacterium reuteri|B. reuteri]]'' Endo et al. 2012

* ''[[Bifidobacterium reuteri/ja|B. reuteri]]'' Endo et al. 2012

* ''[[Bifidobacterium rousetti|B. rousetti]]'' Modesto et al. 2021

* ''[[Bifidobacterium rousetti/ja|B. rousetti]]'' Modesto et al. 2021

* "''[[Bifidobacterium ruminale|B. ruminale]]''" Scardovi et al. 1969

* "''[[Bifidobacterium ruminale/ja|B. ruminale]]''" Scardovi et al. 1969

* ''[[Bifidobacterium ruminantium|B. ruminantium]]'' Biavati and Mattarelli 1991

* ''[[Bifidobacterium ruminantium/ja|B. ruminantium]]'' Biavati and Mattarelli 1991

* ''[[Bifidobacterium saguini|B. saguini]]'' Endo et al. 2012

* ''[[Bifidobacterium saguini/ja|B. saguini]]'' Endo et al. 2012

* ''[[Bifidobacterium saguinibicoloris|B. saguinibicoloris]]'' Lugli et al. 2021

* ''[[Bifidobacterium saguinibicoloris/ja|B. saguinibicoloris]]'' Lugli et al. 2021

* "''[[Bifidobacterium saimiriisciurei|B. saimiriisciurei]]''" Modesto et al. 2020

* "''[[Bifidobacterium saimiriisciurei/ja|B. saimiriisciurei]]''" Modesto et al. 2020

* ''[[Bifidobacterium samirii|B. samirii]]'' Duranti et al. 2019

* ''[[Bifidobacterium samirii/ja|B. samirii]]'' Duranti et al. 2019

* ''[[Bifidobacterium santillanense|B. santillanense]]'' Lugli et al. 2021

* ''[[Bifidobacterium santillanense/ja|B. santillanense]]'' Lugli et al. 2021

* ''[[Bifidobacterium scaligerum|B. scaligerum]]'' Modesto et al. 2020

* ''[[Bifidobacterium scaligerum/ja|B. scaligerum]]'' Modesto et al. 2020

* ''[[Bifidobacterium scardovii|B. scardovii]]'' Hoyles et al. 2002

* ''[[Bifidobacterium scardovii/ja|B. scardovii]]'' Hoyles et al. 2002

* ''[[Bifidobacterium simiarum|B. simiarum]]'' Modesto et al. 2020

* ''[[Bifidobacterium simiarum/ja|B. simiarum]]'' Modesto et al. 2020

* ''[[Bifidobacterium simiiventris|B. simiiventris]]'' Lugli et al. 2021

* ''[[Bifidobacterium simiiventris/ja|B. simiiventris]]'' Lugli et al. 2021

* ''[[Bifidobacterium stellenboschense|B. stellenboschense]]'' Endo et al. 2012

* ''[[Bifidobacterium stellenboschense/ja|B. stellenboschense]]'' Endo et al. 2012

* ''[[Bifidobacterium subtile|B. subtile]]'' Biavati et al. 1982

* ''[[Bifidobacterium subtile/ja|B. subtile]]'' Biavati et al. 1982

* ''[[Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum|B. thermacidophilum]]'' Dong et al. 2000

* ''[[Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum/ja|B. thermacidophilum]]'' Dong et al. 2000

* ''[[Bifidobacterium thermophilum|B. thermophilum]]'' corrig. Mitsuoka 1969 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium thermophilum/ja|B. thermophilum]]'' corrig. Mitsuoka 1969 (Approved Lists 1980)

* ''[[Bifidobacterium tibiigranuli|B. tibiigranuli]]'' Eckel et al. 2020

* ''[[Bifidobacterium tibiigranuli/ja|B. tibiigranuli]]'' Eckel et al. 2020

* ''[[Bifidobacterium tissieri|B. tissieri]]'' corrig. Michelini et al. 2016

* ''[[Bifidobacterium tissieri/ja|B. tissieri]]'' corrig. Michelini et al. 2016

* ''[[Bifidobacterium tsurumiense|B. tsurumiense]]'' Okamoto et al. 2008

* ''[[Bifidobacterium tsurumiense/ja|B. tsurumiense]]'' Okamoto et al. 2008

* "''[[Bifidobacterium urinalis|B. urinalis]]''" Hojo et al. 2007

* "''[[Bifidobacterium urinalis/ja|B. urinalis]]''" Hojo et al. 2007

* ''[[Bifidobacterium vansinderenii|B. vansinderenii]]'' Duranti et al. 2017

* ''[[Bifidobacterium vansinderenii/ja|B. vansinderenii]]'' Duranti et al. 2017

* ''[[Bifidobacterium vespertilionis|B. vespertilionis]]'' Modesto et al. 2021

* ''[[Bifidobacterium vespertilionis/ja|B. vespertilionis]]'' Modesto et al. 2021

* ''[[Bifidobacterium xylocopae|B. xylocopae]]'' Alberoni et al. 2019

* ''[[Bifidobacterium xylocopae/ja|B. xylocopae]]'' Alberoni et al. 2019

~~</div>~~

== こちらも参照 ==

@@ Line 42: / Line 42: @@
 母乳には高濃度の乳糖と低量のリン酸塩（[[pH buffer/ja|pH緩衝剤]]）が含まれている。そのため、母乳が乳児の消化管内で乳酸菌（ビフィズス菌を含む）によって発酵されると、pHが低下してグラム陰性菌が増殖しにくくなる可能性がある。
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+== ビフィズス菌と乳児の腸内環境{{Anchor|Bifidobacteria and the infant gut}} ==
-== Bifidobacteria and the infant gut ==
+ヒトの乳児の腸は、出生までは比較的無菌状態で、周囲の環境や母親から細菌を取り込む。乳児の腸を構成する[[microbiota/ja|マイクロバイオータ]]は成人の腸とは異なる。乳児がマイクロバイオームの成人期に達するのは3歳頃で、マイクロバイオームの多様性が高まり、安定し、固形食に切り替わる時期である。母乳で育てられた乳児は、主に粉ミルクで育てられた乳児に比べ、''ビフィズス菌''に早くからコロニー形成される。ビフィドバクテリウム''は乳児の腸内マイクロバイオームで最も一般的な細菌である。乳幼児では[[genotype/ja|遺伝子型]]の経時的変動が大きく、成人の''ビフィドバクテリウム''に比べて安定性に欠ける。3歳未満の乳幼児はマイクロバイオーム細菌の多様性は低いが、成人と比較すると個体間の多様性は高い。 乳児の腸内細菌叢の''ビフィズス菌''の減少と多様性の増加は、母乳摂取量の減少と固形食摂取量の増加に伴って起こる。哺乳類の母乳にはすべて[[oligosaccharide/ja|オリゴ糖]]が含まれており、自然淘汰が見られる。ヒトの母乳のオリゴ糖は酵素で消化されず、消化管を通過した後、大腸で微生物叢によって分解される。ビフィズス菌''種のゲノム''[[Bifidobacterium longum/ja|B. longum]]''、B. bifidum、[[Bifidobacterium breve/ja|B. breve]]には、ヒトの母乳オリゴ糖の一部を加水分解できる遺伝子が含まれており、母乳栄養の乳児に多く見られる。ヒトによって産生された[[Glycan/ja|糖鎖]]は、''ビフィズス菌''の餌とエネルギーに変換される。
-The human infant gut is relatively sterile up until birth, where it takes up bacteria from its surrounding environment and its mother. The [[microbiota]] that makes up the infant gut differs from the adult gut. An infant reaches the adult stage of their microbiome at around three years of age, when their microbiome diversity increases, stabilizes, and the infant switches over to solid foods. Breast-fed infants are colonized earlier by ''Bifidobacterium'' when compared to babies that are primarily formula-fed. ''Bifidobacterium'' is the most common bacteria in the infant gut microbiome. There is more variability in [[genotype]]s over time in infants, making them less stable compared to the adult ''Bifidobacterium''. Infants and children under three years old show low diversity in microbiome bacteria, but more diversity between individuals when compared to adults.  Reduction of ''Bifidobacterium'' and increase in diversity of the infant gut microbiome occurs with less breast-milk intake and increase of solid food intake. Mammalian milk all contain [[oligosaccharide]]s showing natural selection. Human milk oligosaccharides are not digested by enzymes and remain whole through the digestive tract before being broken down in the colon by microbiota. ''Bifidobacterium'' species genomes of ''[[Bifidobacterium longum|B. longum]], B. bifidum, [[Bifidobacterium breve|B. breve]]'' contain genes that can hydrolyze some of the human milk oligosaccharides and these are found in higher numbers in infants that are breast-fed. [[Glycan]]s that are produced by the humans are converted into food and energy for the ''B. bifidum.'' showing an example of [[coevolution]].
-</div>
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+== 種{{Anchor|Species}} ==
-== Species ==
+''ビフィドバクテリウム属''は以下の種からなる：
-The genus ''Bifidobacterium'' comprises the following species:
 {{div col|colwidth=250px}}
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium actinocoloniiforme|B. actinocoloniiforme]]'' <small>Killer et al. 2011</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium actinocoloniiforme/ja|B. actinocoloniiforme]]'' <small>Killer et al. 2011</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium adolescentis|B. adolescentis]]'' <small>Reuter 1963 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium adolescentis/ja|B. adolescentis]]'' <small>Reuter 1963 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium aemilianum|B. aemilianum]]'' <small>Alberoni et al. 2019</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium aemilianum/ja|B. aemilianum]]'' <small>Alberoni et al. 2019</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium aerophilum|B. aerophilum]]'' <small>Michelini et al. 2017</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium aerophilum/ja|B. aerophilum]]'' <small>Michelini et al. 2017</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium aesculapii|B. aesculapii]]'' <small>Modesto et al. 2014</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium aesculapii/ja|B. aesculapii]]'' <small>Modesto et al. 2014</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium amazonense|B. amazonense]]'' <small>Lugli et al. 2021</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium amazonense/ja|B. amazonense]]'' <small>Lugli et al. 2021</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium angulatum|B. angulatum]]'' <small>Scardovi and Crociani 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium angulatum/ja|B. angulatum]]'' <small>Scardovi and Crociani 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium animalis|B. animalis]]'' <small>(Mitsuoka 1969) Scardovi and Trovatelli 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium animalis/ja|B. animalis]]'' <small>(Mitsuoka 1969) Scardovi and Trovatelli 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium anseris|B. anseris]]'' <small>Lugli et al. 2018</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium anseris/ja|B. anseris]]'' <small>Lugli et al. 2018</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium apousia|B. apousia]]'' <small>Chen et al. 2022</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium apousia/ja|B. apousia]]'' <small>Chen et al. 2022</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium apri|B. apri]]'' <small>Pechar et al. 2017</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium apri/ja|B. apri]]'' <small>Pechar et al. 2017</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium aquikefiri|B. aquikefiri]]'' <small>Laureys et al. 2016</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium aquikefiri/ja|B. aquikefiri]]'' <small>Laureys et al. 2016</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium asteroides|B. asteroides]]'' <small>Scardovi and Trovatelli 1969 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium asteroides/ja|B. asteroides]]'' <small>Scardovi and Trovatelli 1969 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium avesanii|B. avesanii]]'' <small>Michelini et al. 2019</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium avesanii/ja|B. avesanii]]'' <small>Michelini et al. 2019</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium biavatii|B. biavatii]]'' <small>Endo et al. 2012</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium biavatii/ja|B. biavatii]]'' <small>Endo et al. 2012</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium bifidum|B. bifidum]]'' <small>(Tissier 1900) Orla-Jensen 1924 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium bifidum/ja|B. bifidum]]'' <small>(Tissier 1900) Orla-Jensen 1924 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium bohemicum|B. bohemicum]]'' <small>Killer et al. 2011</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium bohemicum/ja|B. bohemicum]]'' <small>Killer et al. 2011</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium bombi|B. bombi]]'' <small>Killer et al. 2009</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium bombi/ja|B. bombi]]'' <small>Killer et al. 2009</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium boum|B. boum]]'' <small>Scardovi et al. 1979 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium boum/ja|B. boum]]'' <small>Scardovi et al. 1979 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium breve|B. breve]]'' <small>Reuter 1963 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium breve/ja|B. breve]]'' <small>Reuter 1963 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium callimiconis|B. callimiconis]]'' <small>Duranti et al. 2019</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium callimiconis/ja|B. callimiconis]]'' <small>Duranti et al. 2019</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium callitrichidarum|B. callitrichidarum]]'' <small>Modesto et al. 2018</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium callitrichidarum/ja|B. callitrichidarum]]'' <small>Modesto et al. 2018</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium callitrichos|B. callitrichos]]'' <small>Endo et al. 2012</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium callitrichos/ja|B. callitrichos]]'' <small>Endo et al. 2012</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium canis|B. canis]]'' <small>Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2020</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium canis/ja|B. canis]]'' <small>Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2020</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium castoris|B. castoris]]'' <small>Duranti et al. 2019</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium castoris/ja|B. castoris]]'' <small>Duranti et al. 2019</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium catenulatum|B. catenulatum]]'' <small>Scardovi and Crociani 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium catenulatum/ja|B. catenulatum]]'' <small>Scardovi and Crociani 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium catulorum|B. catulorum]]'' <small>Modesto et al. 2018</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium catulorum/ja|B. catulorum]]'' <small>Modesto et al. 2018</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium cebidarum|B. cebidarum]]'' <small>Duranti et al. 2020</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium cebidarum/ja|B. cebidarum]]'' <small>Duranti et al. 2020</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium choerinum|B. choerinum]]'' <small>Scardovi et al. 1979 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium choerinum/ja|B. choerinum]]'' <small>Scardovi et al. 1979 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium choladohabitans|B.choladohabitans ]]'' <small>Chen et al. 2022</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium choladohabitans/ja|B.choladohabitans ]]'' <small>Chen et al. 2022</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium choloepi|B. choloepi]]'' <small>Modesto et al. 2020</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium choloepi/ja|B. choloepi]]'' <small>Modesto et al. 2020</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium colobi|B. colobi]]'' <small>Lugli et al. 2021</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium colobi/ja|B. colobi]]'' <small>Lugli et al. 2021</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium commune|B. commune]]'' <small>Praet et al. 2015</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium commune/ja|B. commune]]'' <small>Praet et al. 2015</small>
 <!-- Bifidobacterium coryneforme was reclassified as Bifidobacterium indicum. -->
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium criceti|B. criceti]]'' <small>Lugli et al. 2018</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium criceti/ja|B. criceti]]'' <small>Lugli et al. 2018</small>
-* "''[[Bifidobacterium crudilactis|B. crudilactis]]''" <small>Delcenserie et al. 2007</small>
+* "''[[Bifidobacterium crudilactis/ja|B. crudilactis]]''" <small>Delcenserie et al. 2007</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium cuniculi|B.cuniculi ]]'' <small>Scardovi et al. 1979 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium cuniculi/ja|B.cuniculi ]]'' <small>Scardovi et al. 1979 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
 <!-- Bifidobacterium denticolens was reclassified as Parascardovia denticolens. -->
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium dentium|B. dentium]]'' <small>Scardovi and Crociani 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium dentium/ja|B. dentium]]'' <small>Scardovi and Crociani 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium dolichotidis|B. dolichotidis]]'' <small>Duranti et al. 2019</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium dolichotidis/ja|B. dolichotidis]]'' <small>Duranti et al. 2019</small>
-* "''[[Bifidobacterium eriksonii|B. eriksonii]]''" <small>Cato et al. 1970</small>
+* "''[[Bifidobacterium eriksonii/ja|B. eriksonii]]''" <small>Cato et al. 1970</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium erythrocebi|B. erythrocebi]]'' <small>Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium erythrocebi/ja|B. erythrocebi]]'' <small>Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium eulemuris|B. eulemuris]]'' <small>Michelini et al. 2016</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium eulemuris/ja|B. eulemuris]]'' <small>Michelini et al. 2016</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium faecale|B. faecale]]'' <small>Choi et al. 2014</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium faecale/ja|B. faecale]]'' <small>Choi et al. 2014</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium felsineum|B. felsineum]]'' <small>Modesto et al. 2020</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium felsineum/ja|B. felsineum]]'' <small>Modesto et al. 2020</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium gallicum|B. gallicum]]'' <small>Lauer 1990</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium gallicum/ja|B. gallicum]]'' <small>Lauer 1990</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium gallinarum|B. gallinarum]]'' <small>Watabe et al. 1983</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium gallinarum/ja|B. gallinarum]]'' <small>Watabe et al. 1983</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium globosum|B. globosum]]'' <small>(ex Scardovi et al. 1969) Biavati et al. 1982</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium globosum/ja|B. globosum]]'' <small>(ex Scardovi et al. 1969) Biavati et al. 1982</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium goeldii|B. goeldii]]'' <small>Duranti et al. 2019</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium goeldii/ja|B. goeldii]]'' <small>Duranti et al. 2019</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium hapali|B. hapali]]'' <small>Michelini et al. 2016</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium hapali/ja|B. hapali]]'' <small>Michelini et al. 2016</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium imperatoris|B. ]]'' <small>Lugli et al. 2018</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium imperatoris/ja|B. ]]'' <small>Lugli et al. 2018</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium indicum|B. indicum]]'' <small>Scardovi and Trovatelli 1969 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium indicum/ja|B. indicum]]'' <small>Scardovi and Trovatelli 1969 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
 <!-- Bifidobacterium infantis was reclassified as Bifidobacterium longum. -->
 <!-- Bifidobacterium inopinatum was reclassified as Scardovia inopinata. -->
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium italicum|B. italicum]]'' <small>Lugli et al. 2018</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium italicum/ja|B. italicum]]'' <small>Lugli et al. 2018</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium jacchi|B. jacchi]]'' <small>Modesto et al. 2019</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium jacchi/ja|B. jacchi]]'' <small>Modesto et al. 2019</small>
 <!-- Bifidobacterium kashiwanohense was reclassified as Bifidobacterium catenulatum. -->
 <!-- Bifidobacterium lactis was reclassified as Bifidobacterium animalis. -->
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium lemurum|B. lemurum]]'' <small>Modesto et al. 2015</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium lemurum/ja|B. lemurum]]'' <small>Modesto et al. 2015</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium leontopitheci|B. leontopitheci]]'' <small>Duranti et al. 2020</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium leontopitheci/ja|B. leontopitheci]]'' <small>Duranti et al. 2020</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium longum|B. longum]]'' <small>Reuter 1963 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium longum/ja|B. longum]]'' <small>Reuter 1963 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium magnum|B. magnum]]'' <small>Scardovi and Zani 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium magnum/ja|B. magnum]]'' <small>Scardovi and Zani 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium margollesii|B.margollesii ]]'' <small>Lugli et al. 2018</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium margollesii/ja|B.margollesii ]]'' <small>Lugli et al. 2018</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium merycicum|B. merycicum]]'' <small>Biavati and Mattarelli 1991</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium merycicum/ja|B. merycicum]]'' <small>Biavati and Mattarelli 1991</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium miconis|B. miconis]]'' <small>Lugli et al. 2021</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium miconis/ja|B. miconis]]'' <small>Lugli et al. 2021</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium miconisargentati|B. miconisargentati]]'' <small>Lugli et al. 2021</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium miconisargentati/ja|B. miconisargentati]]'' <small>Lugli et al. 2021</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium minimum|B. minimum]]'' <small>Biavati et al. 1982</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium minimum/ja|B. minimum]]'' <small>Biavati et al. 1982</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium mongoliense|B. mongoliense]]'' <small>Watanabe et al. 2009</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium mongoliense/ja|B. mongoliense]]'' <small>Watanabe et al. 2009</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium moraviense|B. moraviense]]'' <small>Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium moraviense/ja|B. moraviense]]'' <small>Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium moukalabense|B. moukalabense]]'' <small>Tsuchida et al. 2014</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium moukalabense/ja|B. moukalabense]]'' <small>Tsuchida et al. 2014</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium myosotis|B. myosotis]]'' <small>Michelini et al. 2016</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium myosotis/ja|B. myosotis]]'' <small>Michelini et al. 2016</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium oedipodis|B. oedipodis]]'' <small>Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium oedipodis/ja|B. oedipodis]]'' <small>Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium olomucense|B. olomucense]]'' <small>Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium olomucense/ja|B. olomucense]]'' <small>Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium panos|B. panos]]'' <small>Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium panos/ja|B. panos]]'' <small>Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium parmae|B. parmae]]'' <small>Lugli et al. 2018</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium parmae/ja|B. parmae]]'' <small>Lugli et al. 2018</small>
-* "''[[Bifidobacterium platyrrhinorum|B. platyrrhinorum]]''" <small>Modesto et al. 2020</small>
+* "''[[Bifidobacterium platyrrhinorum/ja|B. platyrrhinorum]]''" <small>Modesto et al. 2020</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium pluvialisilvae|B. pluvialisilvae]]'' <small>Lugli et al. 2021</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium pluvialisilvae/ja|B. pluvialisilvae]]'' <small>Lugli et al. 2021</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium polysaccharolyticum|B. polysaccharolyticum]]'' <small>Chen et al. 2022</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium polysaccharolyticum/ja|B. polysaccharolyticum]]'' <small>Chen et al. 2022</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium pongonis|B. pongonis]]'' <small>Lugli et al. 2021</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium pongonis/ja|B. pongonis]]'' <small>Lugli et al. 2021</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium porcinum|B. porcinum]]'' <small>(Zhu et al. 2003) Nouioui et al. 2018</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium porcinum/ja|B. porcinum]]'' <small>(Zhu et al. 2003) Nouioui et al. 2018</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium primatium|B. primatium]]'' <small>Modesto et al. 2020</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium primatium/ja|B. primatium]]'' <small>Modesto et al. 2020</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum|B. pseudocatenulatum]]'' <small>Scardovi et al. 1979 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum/ja|B. pseudocatenulatum]]'' <small>Scardovi et al. 1979 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium pseudolongum|B. pseudolongum]]'' <small>Mitsuoka 1969 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium pseudolongum/ja|B. pseudolongum]]'' <small>Mitsuoka 1969 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium psychraerophilum|B. psychraerophilum]]'' <small>Simpson et al. 2004</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium psychraerophilum/ja|B. psychraerophilum]]'' <small>Simpson et al. 2004</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium pullorum|B. pullorum]]'' <small> Trovatelli et al. 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium pullorum/ja|B. pullorum]]'' <small> Trovatelli et al. 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium ramosum|B. ramosum]]'' <small>Michelini et al. 2017</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium ramosum/ja|B. ramosum]]'' <small>Michelini et al. 2017</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium reuteri|B. reuteri]]'' <small>Endo et al. 2012</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium reuteri/ja|B. reuteri]]'' <small>Endo et al. 2012</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium rousetti|B. rousetti]]'' <small>Modesto et al. 2021</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium rousetti/ja|B. rousetti]]'' <small>Modesto et al. 2021</small>
-* "''[[Bifidobacterium ruminale|B. ruminale]]''" <small>Scardovi et al. 1969</small>
+* "''[[Bifidobacterium ruminale/ja|B. ruminale]]''" <small>Scardovi et al. 1969</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium ruminantium|B. ruminantium]]'' <small>Biavati and Mattarelli 1991</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium ruminantium/ja|B. ruminantium]]'' <small>Biavati and Mattarelli 1991</small>
 <!-- Bifidobacterium saeculare was reclassified as Bifidobacterium gallinarum. -->
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium saguini|B. saguini]]'' <small>Endo et al. 2012</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium saguini/ja|B. saguini]]'' <small>Endo et al. 2012</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium saguinibicoloris|B. saguinibicoloris]]'' <small>Lugli et al. 2021</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium saguinibicoloris/ja|B. saguinibicoloris]]'' <small>Lugli et al. 2021</small>
-* "''[[Bifidobacterium saimiriisciurei|B. saimiriisciurei]]''" <small>Modesto et al. 2020</small>
+* "''[[Bifidobacterium saimiriisciurei/ja|B. saimiriisciurei]]''" <small>Modesto et al. 2020</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium samirii|B. samirii]]'' <small>Duranti et al. 2019</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium samirii/ja|B. samirii]]'' <small>Duranti et al. 2019</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium santillanense|B. santillanense]]'' <small>Lugli et al. 2021</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium santillanense/ja|B. santillanense]]'' <small>Lugli et al. 2021</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium scaligerum|B. scaligerum]]'' <small>Modesto et al. 2020</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium scaligerum/ja|B. scaligerum]]'' <small>Modesto et al. 2020</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium scardovii|B. scardovii]]'' <small>Hoyles et al. 2002</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium scardovii/ja|B. scardovii]]'' <small>Hoyles et al. 2002</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium simiarum|B. simiarum]]'' <small>Modesto et al. 2020</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium simiarum/ja|B. simiarum]]'' <small>Modesto et al. 2020</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium simiiventris|B. simiiventris]]'' <small>Lugli et al. 2021</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium simiiventris/ja|B. simiiventris]]'' <small>Lugli et al. 2021</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium stellenboschense|B. stellenboschense]]'' <small>Endo et al. 2012</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium stellenboschense/ja|B. stellenboschense]]'' <small>Endo et al. 2012</small>
 <!-- Bifidobacterium stercoris was reclassified as Bifidobacterium adolescentis. -->
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium subtile|B. subtile]]'' <small>Biavati et al. 1982</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium subtile/ja|B. subtile]]'' <small>Biavati et al. 1982</small>
 <!-- Bifidobacterium suis was reclassified as Bifidobacterium longum. -->
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum|B. thermacidophilum]]'' <small>Dong et al. 2000</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum/ja|B. thermacidophilum]]'' <small>Dong et al. 2000</small>
 <!-- Bifidobacterium thermophilium is a misspelling of Bifidobacterium thermophilum. -->
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium thermophilum|B. thermophilum]]'' <small>corrig. Mitsuoka 1969 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium thermophilum/ja|B. thermophilum]]'' <small>corrig. Mitsuoka 1969 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium tibiigranuli|B. tibiigranuli]]'' <small>Eckel et al. 2020</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium tibiigranuli/ja|B. tibiigranuli]]'' <small>Eckel et al. 2020</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium tissieri|B. tissieri]]'' <small>corrig. Michelini et al. 2016</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium tissieri/ja|B. tissieri]]'' <small>corrig. Michelini et al. 2016</small>
 <!-- Bifidobacterium tissierii is a misspelling of Bifidobacterium tissieri. -->
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium tsurumiense|B. tsurumiense]]'' <small>Okamoto et al. 2008</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium tsurumiense/ja|B. tsurumiense]]'' <small>Okamoto et al. 2008</small>
-* "''[[Bifidobacterium urinalis|B. urinalis]]''" <small>Hojo et al. 2007</small>
+* "''[[Bifidobacterium urinalis/ja|B. urinalis]]''" <small>Hojo et al. 2007</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium vansinderenii|B. vansinderenii]]'' <small>Duranti et al. 2017</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium vansinderenii/ja|B. vansinderenii]]'' <small>Duranti et al. 2017</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium vespertilionis|B. vespertilionis]]'' <small>Modesto et al. 2021</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium vespertilionis/ja|B. vespertilionis]]'' <small>Modesto et al. 2021</small>
-* ''[[Bifidobacterium xylocopae|B. xylocopae]]'' <small>Alberoni et al. 2019</small>
+* ''[[Bifidobacterium xylocopae/ja|B. xylocopae]]'' <small>Alberoni et al. 2019</small>
 {{div col end}}
-</div>
 == こちらも参照 ==