Clostridium butyricum: Difference between revisions
Created page with "{{Short description|Species of bacterium}} {{Speciesbox | image = Clostridium butyricum tablets.JPG | image_caption = ''C. butyricum'' MIYAIRI 588 tablets produced by Miyarisan Pharmaceutical, Tokyo, Japan. | image2 = | image2_caption = | genus = Clostridium | species = butyricum | authority = Prazmowski 1880 (Approved Lists 1980) }} '''''Clostridium butyricum''''' is a strictly anaerobic endospore-forming Gram-positive butyric acid–..." |
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{{Short description|Species of bacterium}} | {{Short description|Species of bacterium}} | ||
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'''''Clostridium butyricum''''' is a strictly [[anaerobic organism|anaerobic]] [[endospore]]-forming [[Gram-positive]] [[butyric acid]]–producing [[bacillus]] subsisting by means of [[fermentation (biochemistry)|fermentation]] using an intracellularly accumulated amylopectin-like α-[[polyglucan]] (granulose) as a [[Substrate (chemistry)|substrate]]. It is uncommonly reported as a human pathogen and is widely used as a [[probiotic]] in Japan, Korea, and China. ''C. butyricum'' is a soil inhabitant in various parts of the world, has been cultured from the stool of healthy children and adults, and is common in soured milk and cheeses. The connection with [[dairy product]]s is shown by the name, the ''butyr-'' in ''butyricum'' reflects the relevance of [[butyric acid]] in the bacteria's metabolism and the connection with Latin ''[[wikt:butyrum#Latin|butyrum]]'' and Greek ''[[wikt:βούτυρον#Ancient Greek|βούτυρον]]'', with word roots pertaining to butter and cheese. | '''''Clostridium butyricum''''' is a strictly [[anaerobic organism|anaerobic]] [[endospore]]-forming [[Gram-positive]] [[butyric acid]]–producing [[bacillus]] subsisting by means of [[fermentation (biochemistry)|fermentation]] using an intracellularly accumulated amylopectin-like α-[[polyglucan]] (granulose) as a [[Substrate (chemistry)|substrate]]. It is uncommonly reported as a human pathogen and is widely used as a [[probiotic]] in Japan, Korea, and China. ''C. butyricum'' is a soil inhabitant in various parts of the world, has been cultured from the stool of healthy children and adults, and is common in soured milk and cheeses. The connection with [[dairy product]]s is shown by the name, the ''butyr-'' in ''butyricum'' reflects the relevance of [[butyric acid]] in the bacteria's metabolism and the connection with Latin ''[[wikt:butyrum#Latin|butyrum]]'' and Greek ''[[wikt:βούτυρον#Ancient Greek|βούτυρον]]'', with word roots pertaining to butter and cheese. | ||
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==Industrial relevance== | ==Industrial relevance== | ||
The study of [[fermentation]] in the 19th century was of interest not only to [[basic research|basic science]] but also as [[applied science]] funded by companies in certain industries, principally [[winemaking]] and [[brewing]], as a means to reduce risk of bad batches through greater understanding and control of the process. Thus, early [[microbiologist]]s such as [[Louis Pasteur]] were funded in their research into microbial metabolism and biochemistry. Such research led to the first understanding of [[anaerobic respiration|anaerobic metabolism]], and [[butyric acid fermentation]] was humans' initial window into that world. In 1880, Adam Prażmowski from the University of Leipzig first assigned the binomial name ''Clostridium butyricum''. | The study of [[fermentation]] in the 19th century was of interest not only to [[basic research|basic science]] but also as [[applied science]] funded by companies in certain industries, principally [[winemaking]] and [[brewing]], as a means to reduce risk of bad batches through greater understanding and control of the process. Thus, early [[microbiologist]]s such as [[Louis Pasteur]] were funded in their research into microbial metabolism and biochemistry. Such research led to the first understanding of [[anaerobic respiration|anaerobic metabolism]], and [[butyric acid fermentation]] was humans' initial window into that world. In 1880, Adam Prażmowski from the University of Leipzig first assigned the binomial name ''Clostridium butyricum''. | ||
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==Therapeutic uses== | ==Therapeutic uses== | ||
The first ''C. butyricum'' MIYAIRI strain was isolated by Dr. Chikaji Miyairi from feces in Japan in 1933. In 1963, CBM 588 was isolated from a soil sample in [[Nagano, Nagano|Nagano]], Japan. Preparations based on CBM 588 have a long history of safe use in human populations in Japan, where such products are variously classed as pharmaceutical drugs, "quasi drugs", and OTC (Over The Counter) probiotics. The safe therapeutic use of CBM 588 in humans populations is supported by various peer-reviewed publications and case studies, including reports of CBM 588 use in severely-ill, immunocompromised, and hospitalized patients, as well as in pregnant women. | The first ''C. butyricum'' MIYAIRI strain was isolated by Dr. Chikaji Miyairi from feces in Japan in 1933. In 1963, CBM 588 was isolated from a soil sample in [[Nagano, Nagano|Nagano]], Japan. Preparations based on CBM 588 have a long history of safe use in human populations in Japan, where such products are variously classed as pharmaceutical drugs, "quasi drugs", and OTC (Over The Counter) probiotics. The safe therapeutic use of CBM 588 in humans populations is supported by various peer-reviewed publications and case studies, including reports of CBM 588 use in severely-ill, immunocompromised, and hospitalized patients, as well as in pregnant women. | ||
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Its usefulness stems primarily from its ability to interfere with the growth of highly pathogenic ''[[Clostridium difficile (bacteria)|Clostridium difficile]]'' by antagonizing its multiplication. It is often used in Japanese hospitals for ''C. difficile'' prophylaxis among in-patients and, particularly, during administration of certain powerful antibiotics (i.e. [[Levofloxacin]]) associated with opportunistic ''C. difficile'' infection. | Its usefulness stems primarily from its ability to interfere with the growth of highly pathogenic ''[[Clostridium difficile (bacteria)|Clostridium difficile]]'' by antagonizing its multiplication. It is often used in Japanese hospitals for ''C. difficile'' prophylaxis among in-patients and, particularly, during administration of certain powerful antibiotics (i.e. [[Levofloxacin]]) associated with opportunistic ''C. difficile'' infection. | ||
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CBM 588 was approved for clinical use in humans by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare in 1970. The standard preparation as marketed by Miyarisan Pharmaceutical (Tokyo, Japan) consists of white, marked tablets each containing 0.35 × 10<sup>6</sup> colony forming units (CFU) of ''C. butyricum'' MIYAIRI 588 (as active agent). CBM 588 does not establish permanently in the gut, in common with other orally administered probiotic bacteria. CBM 588 for clinical use is produced by submerged anaerobic fermentation followed by centrifugation, drying, blending and packaging. | CBM 588 was approved for clinical use in humans by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare in 1970. The standard preparation as marketed by Miyarisan Pharmaceutical (Tokyo, Japan) consists of white, marked tablets each containing 0.35 × 10<sup>6</sup> colony forming units (CFU) of ''C. butyricum'' MIYAIRI 588 (as active agent). CBM 588 does not establish permanently in the gut, in common with other orally administered probiotic bacteria. CBM 588 for clinical use is produced by submerged anaerobic fermentation followed by centrifugation, drying, blending and packaging. | ||
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The MIYAIRI 588 strain of ''C. butyricum'' does not carry any genes encoding any toxins and virulence factors associated with ''Clostridium'' or other enteropathogens. Absence of neurotoxin production has been demonstrated by [[polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR) and [[Southern blot]] hybridisation for type E [[botulinum toxin]] gene. The absence of genes encoding botulinum [[neurotoxin]] A,B,F and genes encoding non-toxic haemagglutinin (NTNH) and genes encoding ''[[Clostridium perfringens]]'' toxins (alpha, beta, epsilon and iota) has been demonstrated by PCR assay. | The MIYAIRI 588 strain of ''C. butyricum'' does not carry any genes encoding any toxins and virulence factors associated with ''Clostridium'' or other enteropathogens. Absence of neurotoxin production has been demonstrated by [[polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR) and [[Southern blot]] hybridisation for type E [[botulinum toxin]] gene. The absence of genes encoding botulinum [[neurotoxin]] A,B,F and genes encoding non-toxic haemagglutinin (NTNH) and genes encoding ''[[Clostridium perfringens]]'' toxins (alpha, beta, epsilon and iota) has been demonstrated by PCR assay. | ||
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This strain is deposited at the Fermentation Research Institute, Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, Japan under the strain name ''Clostridium butyricum'' MIYAIRI 588 strain, deposit number FERM BP-2789. Recent [[European Food Safety Authority]] opinions confirm the official strain nomenclature as ''Clostridium butyricum'' FERM BP-2789. | This strain is deposited at the Fermentation Research Institute, Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, Japan under the strain name ''Clostridium butyricum'' MIYAIRI 588 strain, deposit number FERM BP-2789. Recent [[European Food Safety Authority]] opinions confirm the official strain nomenclature as ''Clostridium butyricum'' FERM BP-2789. | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* ''[https://bacdive.dsmz.de/strain/2563 Clostridium butyricum]'' at [[BacDive|Bac''Dive'']] | * ''[https://bacdive.dsmz.de/strain/2563 Clostridium butyricum]'' at [[BacDive|Bac''Dive'']] | ||
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q22064}} | |||
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{{二次利用|date=21 January 2024}} | {{二次利用|date=21 January 2024}} | ||
[[Category:Gram-positive bacteria]] | [[Category:Gram-positive bacteria]] | ||
[[Category:Probiotics]] | [[Category:Probiotics]] | ||
[[Category:Clostridium|butyricum]] | [[Category:Clostridium|butyricum]] | ||
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Latest revision as of 20:42, 17 April 2024
| Clostridium butyricum | |
|---|---|
| |
| C. butyricum MIYAIRI 588 tablets produced by Miyarisan Pharmaceutical, Tokyo, Japan. | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Bacillota |
| Class: | Clostridia |
| Order: | Eubacteriales |
| Family: | Lachnospiraceae |
| Genus: | Clostridium |
| Species: | butyricum
|
| Binomial name | |
| butyricum Prazmowski 1880 (Approved Lists 1980)
| |
Clostridium butyricum is a strictly anaerobic endospore-forming Gram-positive butyric acid–producing bacillus subsisting by means of fermentation using an intracellularly accumulated amylopectin-like α-polyglucan (granulose) as a substrate. It is uncommonly reported as a human pathogen and is widely used as a probiotic in Japan, Korea, and China. C. butyricum is a soil inhabitant in various parts of the world, has been cultured from the stool of healthy children and adults, and is common in soured milk and cheeses. The connection with dairy products is shown by the name, the butyr- in butyricum reflects the relevance of butyric acid in the bacteria's metabolism and the connection with Latin butyrum and Greek βούτυρον, with word roots pertaining to butter and cheese.
Industrial relevance
The study of fermentation in the 19th century was of interest not only to basic science but also as applied science funded by companies in certain industries, principally winemaking and brewing, as a means to reduce risk of bad batches through greater understanding and control of the process. Thus, early microbiologists such as Louis Pasteur were funded in their research into microbial metabolism and biochemistry. Such research led to the first understanding of anaerobic metabolism, and butyric acid fermentation was humans' initial window into that world. In 1880, Adam Prażmowski from the University of Leipzig first assigned the binomial name Clostridium butyricum.
Therapeutic uses
The first C. butyricum MIYAIRI strain was isolated by Dr. Chikaji Miyairi from feces in Japan in 1933. In 1963, CBM 588 was isolated from a soil sample in Nagano, Japan. Preparations based on CBM 588 have a long history of safe use in human populations in Japan, where such products are variously classed as pharmaceutical drugs, "quasi drugs", and OTC (Over The Counter) probiotics. The safe therapeutic use of CBM 588 in humans populations is supported by various peer-reviewed publications and case studies, including reports of CBM 588 use in severely-ill, immunocompromised, and hospitalized patients, as well as in pregnant women.
Its usefulness stems primarily from its ability to interfere with the growth of highly pathogenic Clostridium difficile by antagonizing its multiplication. It is often used in Japanese hospitals for C. difficile prophylaxis among in-patients and, particularly, during administration of certain powerful antibiotics (i.e. Levofloxacin) associated with opportunistic C. difficile infection.
CBM 588 was approved for clinical use in humans by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare in 1970. The standard preparation as marketed by Miyarisan Pharmaceutical (Tokyo, Japan) consists of white, marked tablets each containing 0.35 × 106 colony forming units (CFU) of C. butyricum MIYAIRI 588 (as active agent). CBM 588 does not establish permanently in the gut, in common with other orally administered probiotic bacteria. CBM 588 for clinical use is produced by submerged anaerobic fermentation followed by centrifugation, drying, blending and packaging.
The MIYAIRI 588 strain of C. butyricum does not carry any genes encoding any toxins and virulence factors associated with Clostridium or other enteropathogens. Absence of neurotoxin production has been demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot hybridisation for type E botulinum toxin gene. The absence of genes encoding botulinum neurotoxin A,B,F and genes encoding non-toxic haemagglutinin (NTNH) and genes encoding Clostridium perfringens toxins (alpha, beta, epsilon and iota) has been demonstrated by PCR assay.
This strain is deposited at the Fermentation Research Institute, Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, Japan under the strain name Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 strain, deposit number FERM BP-2789. Recent European Food Safety Authority opinions confirm the official strain nomenclature as Clostridium butyricum FERM BP-2789.
External links
 | この記事は、クリエイティブ・コモンズ・表示・継承ライセンス3.0のもとで公表されたウィキペディアの項目Clostridium butyricum(21 January 2024編集記事参照)を素材として二次利用しています。 Item:Q22064  |