Pyridoxine: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
Marked this version for translation |
||
| (One intermediate revision by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
<languages /> | |||
<translate> | |||
<!--T:1--> | |||
{{Short description|Chemical compound}} | {{Short description|Chemical compound}} | ||
{{Infobox drug | {{Infobox drug | ||
| Line 13: | Line 16: | ||
| caption = Pyridoxine | | caption = Pyridoxine | ||
<!--T:2--> | |||
<!-- Clinical data --> | <!-- Clinical data --> | ||
| pronounce = | | pronounce = | ||
| Line 33: | Line 37: | ||
| ATC_supplemental = | | ATC_supplemental = | ||
<!--T:3--> | |||
| legal_AU = <!-- S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled--> | | legal_AU = <!-- S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled--> | ||
| legal_AU_comment = | | legal_AU_comment = | ||
| Line 49: | Line 54: | ||
| legal_status = <!--For countries not listed above--> | | legal_status = <!--For countries not listed above--> | ||
<!--T:4--> | |||
<!-- Pharmacokinetic data --> | <!-- Pharmacokinetic data --> | ||
| bioavailability = | | bioavailability = | ||
| Line 59: | Line 65: | ||
| excretion = | | excretion = | ||
<!--T:5--> | |||
<!-- Identifiers --> | <!-- Identifiers --> | ||
| CAS_number = 65-23-6 | | CAS_number = 65-23-6 | ||
| Line 94: | Line 101: | ||
}} | }} | ||
<!--T:6--> | |||
<!-- Definition and medical uses --> | <!-- Definition and medical uses --> | ||
'''Pyridoxine''', is a form of [[vitamin B6|vitamin B<sub>6</sub>]] found commonly in food and used as a [[dietary supplement]]. As a supplement it is used to treat and prevent [[pyridoxine deficiency]], [[sideroblastic anaemia]], [[pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy]], certain [[metabolic disorders]], side effects or complications of [[isoniazid]] use, and certain types of [[mushroom poisoning]]. It is used by mouth or by injection. | '''Pyridoxine''', is a form of [[vitamin B6|vitamin B<sub>6</sub>]] found commonly in food and used as a [[dietary supplement]]. As a supplement it is used to treat and prevent [[pyridoxine deficiency]], [[sideroblastic anaemia]], [[pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy]], certain [[metabolic disorders]], side effects or complications of [[isoniazid]] use, and certain types of [[mushroom poisoning]]. It is used by mouth or by injection. | ||
<!--T:7--> | |||
<!-- Side effects and mechanism --> | <!-- Side effects and mechanism --> | ||
It is usually well tolerated. Occasionally side effects include headache, numbness, and sleepiness. Normal doses are safe during [[pregnancy]] and [[breastfeeding]]. Pyridoxine is in the [[vitamin B]] family of vitamins. It is required by the body to metabolise [[amino acids]], [[carbohydrates]], and [[lipids]]. Sources in the diet include [[fruit]], [[vegetables]], and [[food grain|grain]]. | It is usually well tolerated. Occasionally side effects include headache, numbness, and sleepiness. Normal doses are safe during [[pregnancy]] and [[breastfeeding]]. Pyridoxine is in the [[vitamin B]] family of vitamins. It is required by the body to metabolise [[amino acids]], [[carbohydrates]], and [[lipids]]. Sources in the diet include [[fruit]], [[vegetables]], and [[food grain|grain]]. | ||
==Medical uses== | ==Medical uses== <!--T:8--> | ||
As a treatment (oral or injection), it is used to treat or prevent [[pyridoxine deficiency]], [[sideroblastic anaemia]], [[pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy]], certain [[metabolic disorders]], side effects of [[isoniazid]] treatment and certain types of [[mushroom poisoning]]. Isoniazid is an [[antibiotic]] used for the treatment of [[tuberculosis]]. Common side effect include [[peripheral neuropathy|numbness in the hands and feet]]. Co-treatment with vitamin B<sub>6</sub> alleviates the numbness. Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy is a type of rare infant epilepsy that does not improve with typical anti-seizure medications. | As a treatment (oral or injection), it is used to treat or prevent [[pyridoxine deficiency]], [[sideroblastic anaemia]], [[pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy]], certain [[metabolic disorders]], side effects of [[isoniazid]] treatment and certain types of [[mushroom poisoning]]. Isoniazid is an [[antibiotic]] used for the treatment of [[tuberculosis]]. Common side effect include [[peripheral neuropathy|numbness in the hands and feet]]. Co-treatment with vitamin B<sub>6</sub> alleviates the numbness. Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy is a type of rare infant epilepsy that does not improve with typical anti-seizure medications. | ||
<!--T:9--> | |||
Pyridoxine in combination with [[doxylamine]] is used as a treatment for [[morning sickness]] in pregnant women. | Pyridoxine in combination with [[doxylamine]] is used as a treatment for [[morning sickness]] in pregnant women. | ||
==Side effects== | ==Side effects== <!--T:10--> | ||
It is usually well tolerated, though overdose toxicity is possible. Occasionally side effects include headache, numbness, and sleepiness. Pyridoxine overdose can cause a peripheral sensory neuropathy characterized by poor coordination, numbness, and decreased sensation to touch, temperature, and vibration. Healthy human blood levels of pyridoxine are 2.1–21.7 ng/mL. Normal doses are safe during [[pregnancy]] and [[breastfeeding]]. | It is usually well tolerated, though overdose toxicity is possible. Occasionally side effects include headache, numbness, and sleepiness. Pyridoxine overdose can cause a peripheral sensory neuropathy characterized by poor coordination, numbness, and decreased sensation to touch, temperature, and vibration. Healthy human blood levels of pyridoxine are 2.1–21.7 ng/mL. Normal doses are safe during [[pregnancy]] and [[breastfeeding]]. | ||
==Mechanism== | ==Mechanism== <!--T:11--> | ||
Pyridoxine is in the [[vitamin B]] family of vitamins. It is required by the body to make [[amino acids]], [[carbohydrates]], and [[lipids]]. Sources in the diet include [[fruit]], [[vegetables]], and [[food grain|grain]]. | Pyridoxine is in the [[vitamin B]] family of vitamins. It is required by the body to make [[amino acids]], [[carbohydrates]], and [[lipids]]. Sources in the diet include [[fruit]], [[vegetables]], and [[food grain|grain]]. | ||
It is also required for muscle phosphorylase activity associated with glycogen metabolism. | It is also required for muscle phosphorylase activity associated with glycogen metabolism. | ||
==Metabolism== | ==Metabolism== <!--T:12--> | ||
The half-life of pyridoxine varies according to different sources: one source suggests that the half-life of ''pyridoxine'' is up to 20 days, while another source indicates half-life of ''vitamin B<sub>6</sub>'' is in range of 25 to 33 days. After considering the different sources, it can be concluded that the half-life of pyridoxine is typically measured in several weeks. | The half-life of pyridoxine varies according to different sources: one source suggests that the half-life of ''pyridoxine'' is up to 20 days, while another source indicates half-life of ''vitamin B<sub>6</sub>'' is in range of 25 to 33 days. After considering the different sources, it can be concluded that the half-life of pyridoxine is typically measured in several weeks. | ||
==History== | ==History== <!--T:13--> | ||
Pyridoxine was discovered in 1934, isolated in 1938, and first made in 1939. It is on the [[WHO Model List of Essential Medicines|World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines]]. Pyridoxine is available both as a [[generic medication]] and [[over the counter]] product. Foods, such as [[breakfast cereal]] have pyridoxine added in some countries. | Pyridoxine was discovered in 1934, isolated in 1938, and first made in 1939. It is on the [[WHO Model List of Essential Medicines|World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines]]. Pyridoxine is available both as a [[generic medication]] and [[over the counter]] product. Foods, such as [[breakfast cereal]] have pyridoxine added in some countries. | ||
== External links == | == External links == <!--T:14--> | ||
* {{Commons category-inline}} | * {{Commons category-inline}} | ||
* {{cite web| url = https://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov/drugportal/name/pyridoxine | publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine| work = Drug Information Portal| title = Pyridoxine }} | * {{cite web| url = https://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov/drugportal/name/pyridoxine | publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine| work = Drug Information Portal| title = Pyridoxine }} | ||
* [http://gmd.mpimp-golm.mpg.de/Spectrums/73e34958-2680-41b1-a8d7-40e1650703bc.aspx Pyridoxine mass spectrum] | * [http://gmd.mpimp-golm.mpg.de/Spectrums/73e34958-2680-41b1-a8d7-40e1650703bc.aspx Pyridoxine mass spectrum] | ||
<!--T:15--> | |||
{{Vitamin}} | {{Vitamin}} | ||
{{Portal bar|Medicine}} | {{Portal bar|Medicine}} | ||
<!--T:16--> | |||
{{二次利用|date=2 April 2024}} | {{二次利用|date=2 April 2024}} | ||
[[Category:B vitamins]] | [[Category:B vitamins]] | ||
| Line 134: | Line 146: | ||
[[Category:Primary alcohols]] | [[Category:Primary alcohols]] | ||
[[Category:Triols]] | [[Category:Triols]] | ||
</translate> | |||
Latest revision as of 20:46, 3 April 2024
 | |
 Pyridoxine | |
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Other names | vitamin B6, pyridoxol pyridoxine hydrochloride |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| License data |
|
| Pregnancy category |
|
| Routes of administration | By mouth, intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous |
| ATC code | |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |
|
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Elimination half-life | several weeks (see #Metabolism for details) |
| Identifiers | |
| |
| CAS Number | |
| PubChem CID | |
| DrugBank | |
| ChemSpider | |
| UNII | |
| KEGG | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C8H11NO3 |
| Molar mass | 169.180 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| Melting point | 159 to 162 °C (318 to 324 °F) |
| |
| |
Pyridoxine, is a form of vitamin B6 found commonly in food and used as a dietary supplement. As a supplement it is used to treat and prevent pyridoxine deficiency, sideroblastic anaemia, pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy, certain metabolic disorders, side effects or complications of isoniazid use, and certain types of mushroom poisoning. It is used by mouth or by injection.
It is usually well tolerated. Occasionally side effects include headache, numbness, and sleepiness. Normal doses are safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Pyridoxine is in the vitamin B family of vitamins. It is required by the body to metabolise amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. Sources in the diet include fruit, vegetables, and grain.
Medical uses
As a treatment (oral or injection), it is used to treat or prevent pyridoxine deficiency, sideroblastic anaemia, pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy, certain metabolic disorders, side effects of isoniazid treatment and certain types of mushroom poisoning. Isoniazid is an antibiotic used for the treatment of tuberculosis. Common side effect include numbness in the hands and feet. Co-treatment with vitamin B6 alleviates the numbness. Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy is a type of rare infant epilepsy that does not improve with typical anti-seizure medications.
Pyridoxine in combination with doxylamine is used as a treatment for morning sickness in pregnant women.
Side effects
It is usually well tolerated, though overdose toxicity is possible. Occasionally side effects include headache, numbness, and sleepiness. Pyridoxine overdose can cause a peripheral sensory neuropathy characterized by poor coordination, numbness, and decreased sensation to touch, temperature, and vibration. Healthy human blood levels of pyridoxine are 2.1–21.7 ng/mL. Normal doses are safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Mechanism
Pyridoxine is in the vitamin B family of vitamins. It is required by the body to make amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. Sources in the diet include fruit, vegetables, and grain. It is also required for muscle phosphorylase activity associated with glycogen metabolism.
Metabolism
The half-life of pyridoxine varies according to different sources: one source suggests that the half-life of pyridoxine is up to 20 days, while another source indicates half-life of vitamin B6 is in range of 25 to 33 days. After considering the different sources, it can be concluded that the half-life of pyridoxine is typically measured in several weeks.
History
Pyridoxine was discovered in 1934, isolated in 1938, and first made in 1939. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Pyridoxine is available both as a generic medication and over the counter product. Foods, such as breakfast cereal have pyridoxine added in some countries.
External links
Media related to Pyridoxine at Wikimedia Commons- "Pyridoxine". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- Pyridoxine mass spectrum
 | この記事は、クリエイティブ・コモンズ・表示・継承ライセンス3.0のもとで公表されたウィキペディアの項目Pyridoxine(2 April 2024編集記事参照)を素材として二次利用しています。 Item:Q21755  |