Translations:Amino acid/27/ja: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 11:18, 29 March 2024

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Message definition (Amino acid)

[[File:Bronsted_character_of_ionizing_groups_in_proteins.png|thumb|upright=1.8|Ionization and Brønsted character of N-terminal amino, C-terminal carboxylate, and side chains of amino acid residues]]
The common natural forms of amino acids have a [[zwitterionic]] structure, with {{chem2|\sNH3+}} ({{chem2|\sNH2+\s}} in the case of proline) and {{chem2|\sCO2-}} functional groups attached to the same C atom, and are thus α-amino acids, and are the only ones found in proteins during translation in the ribosome.
In aqueous solution at pH close to neutrality, amino acids exist as [[zwitterion]]s, i.e. as dipolar ions with both {{chem2|NH3+}} and {{chem2|CO2-}} in charged states, so the overall structure is {{chem2|NH3+\sCHR\sCO2-}}. At [[Acid–base homeostasis|physiological pH]] the so-called "neutral forms" {{chem2|\sNH2\sCHR\sCO2H}} are not present to any measurable degree. Although the two charges in the zwitterion structure add up to zero it is misleading to call a species with a net charge of zero "uncharged".

アミノ酸の一般的な天然型は、−NH+
3（プロリンの場合は−NH+
2−）と−CO−
2官能基が同じC原子に結合した双性イオン構造を持つ。リボソームで翻訳される過程でタンパク質中に発見される唯一のものである。中性に近いpHの水溶液中では、アミノ酸は双性イオン、すなわちNH+
3とCO−
2の両方が荷電状態にある双極子イオンとして存在するため、全体の構造はNH+
3−CHR−CO−
2.となる。生理的pHでは、いわゆる「中性型」−NH
2−CHR−CO
2Hは測定可能な程度では存在しない。双性イオン構造における2つの電荷はゼロに加算されるが、正味電荷がゼロの種を「荷電していない」と呼ぶのは誤解を招く。

Translations:Amino acid/27/ja: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 11:18, 29 March 2024

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