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Message definition (Blood sugar level ) Finally, there are several influences on blood glucose level aside from food intake. Infection, for instance, tends to change blood glucose levels, as does stress either physical or psychological. Exercise, especially if prolonged or long after the most recent meal, will have an effect as well. In the typical person, maintenance of blood glucose at near constant levels will nevertheless be quite effective. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ '''Causes of abnormal glucose levels''' ! style="background:#ffdfae;" | Persistent hyperglycemia ! style="background:#ffdfae;" | Transient hyperglycemia ! style="background:#ffdfae;" | Persistent hypoglycemia ! style="background:#ffdfae;" | Transient hypoglycemia |- | colspan="4" style="background-color:lightblue; color:black;" | Reference range, [[fasting blood glucose]] (FBG): 70–110 mg/dL |- | [[Diabetes]] mellitus | [[Pheochromocytoma]] | [[Insulinoma]] | Acute [[alcohol intoxication]] or ingestion |- | Adrenal cortical hyperactivity [[Cushing's syndrome]] | Severe [[liver disease]] | Adrenal cortical insufficiency [[Addison's disease]] | Drugs: [[salicylates]], antituberculosis agents |- | [[Hyperthyroidism]] | [[Stress hyperglycemia|Acute stress reaction]] | [[Hypopituitarism]] | Severe [[liver disease]] |- | [[Acromegaly]] | [[Shock (circulatory)|Shock]] | [[Galactosemia]] | Several [[glycogen storage diseases]] |- | [[Obesity]] | [[Convulsions]] | [[Ectopic hormone]] production from tumors | [[Hereditary fructose intolerance]] |}
最後に、食事摂取以外にも血糖値に影響を与えるものがいくつかある。例えば、感染症は血糖値を変化させる傾向があるし、肉体的あるいは心理的なストレスも同様である。運動、特に長時間の運動や最近の食後長時間経過した運動も影響を及ぼす。一般的な人であれば、血糖値をほぼ一定に保つことは非常に効果的である。