Translations:Medical specialty/11/ja: Difference between revisions

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Created page with "==北米の診療科一覧 ほか== {{Anchor|List of North American medical specialties and others}} この表では、多くの医療分野と同様に、診療科を以下のグループに分類している： * 外科専門分野は、病気を治療するための手作業による手術や器具を使った技術に重点を置いている。 * 医学の専門分野であり、病気の診断と非外科的治療に重点を置いて..."
 
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*[[Clinical microbiology/ja|臨床微生物学]]は、[[bacterium/ja|バクテリア]]、[[virus/ja|ウイルス]]、[[fungus/ja|カビ]]、[[parasite/ja|寄生虫]]によって引き起こされる疾患の''[[in vitro/ja|試験管内]]''診断に関するものである。
*[[Clinical microbiology/ja|臨床微生物学]]は、[[bacterium/ja|バクテリア]]、[[virus/ja|ウイルス]]、[[fungus/ja|カビ]]、[[parasite/ja|寄生虫]]によって引き起こされる疾患の''[[in vitro/ja|試験管内]]''診断に関するものである。
*[[Clinical immunology/ja|臨床免疫学]]は、[[immune system/ja|免疫系]]および関連する身体防御の障害に関するものである。[[allergy/ja|アレルギー]]の診断も扱う。
*[[Clinical immunology/ja|臨床免疫学]]は、[[immune system/ja|免疫系]]および関連する身体防御の障害に関するものである。[[allergy/ja|アレルギー]]の診断も扱う。
| [[assay/ja|検体]]分析、[[:ja:顕微鏡|顕微鏡]]分析など、[[medical laboratories/ja|医学研究所]]における診断技術の応用。
| [[assay/ja|検体]]分析、[[:ja:顕微鏡|顕微鏡]]分析など、[[medical laboratories/ja|医学研究所]]における診断技術の応用
|-
|-
| [[Dermatology/ja]]
| [[Dermatology/ja]]
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*シミュレーション
*シミュレーション
*スポーツ医学
*スポーツ医学
*Toxicology
*毒物学
*Ultrasound
*超音波
*Undersea and hyperbaric medicine
*海中および高気圧医学
*[[Wilderness medicine (practice)|Wilderness medicine]]
*[[Wilderness medicine (practice)/ja|荒野医学]]
| The initial management of emergent medical conditions, often in hospital [[emergency room|emergency departments]] or the field.
| 病院の[[emergency room/ja|救急部]]や現場で、緊急の病状を初期管理することが多い。
|-
|-
| [[Endocrinology]]
| [[Endocrinology/ja]]
|
|
| Medicine
| 医学
|
|
| The [[endocrine system]] (i.e., [[endocrine gland]]s and [[hormone]]s) and its diseases, including [[diabetes]] and [[thyroid]] diseases.
| [[endocrine system/ja|内分泌系]]（すなわち[[endocrine gland/ja|内分泌腺]]と[[hormone/ja|ホルモン]]）とその疾患（[[diabetes/ja|糖尿病]]や[[thyroid/ja|甲状腺]]疾患など）
|-
|-
| [[Family medicine]]
| [[Family medicine/ja]]
| FM
| FM
| Medicine
| 医学
|
|
*Addiction medicine
*中毒医学
*Adolescent medicine
*青少年医学
*Anesthesia
*麻酔
*[[Emergency medicine]]
*[[Emergency medicine/ja]]
*Care of the elderly (geriatric medicine)
*高齢者のケア（老年医学）
*Clinical environmental health
*臨床環境衛生
*Global health
*グローバル・ヘルス
*HIV care
*HIVケア
*Hospital medicine
*病院医療
*Indigenous health
*先住民の健康
*Low-risk obstetrics
*低リスク産科
*Medical education
*医学教育
*Medical oncology
*腫瘍医学
*Medical simulation
*医療シミュレーション
*Pain medicine
*鎮痛
*Palliative care
*緩和ケア
*Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS)
*ポイント・オブ・ケア超音波（POCUS）
*Research
*研究
*Sleep medicine
*睡眠医学
*Sports and exercise medicine
*スポーツ・運動医学
*Women's health
*女性の健康
| Continuing, comprehensive healthcare for the individual and family, integrating the biological, clinical and behavioral sciences to treat patients of all ages, sexes, organ systems, and diseases.
| あらゆる年齢、性別、臓器系、疾患の患者を治療するために、生物学、臨床科学、行動科学を統合し、個人と家族のための継続的で包括的な医療を行う。
|-
|-
| [[Forensic medicine]]
| [[Forensic medicine/ja]]
|
|
| Medicine
| 医学
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
| [[Gastroenterology]]
| [[Gastroenterology/ja]]
| GI
| GI
| Medicine
| 医学
|
|
| The [[alimentary tract]]
| [[alimentary tract/ja]]
|-
|-
| [[General surgery]]
| [[General surgery/ja]]
| GS
| GS
| Surgery
| 外科
|
|
*Colorectal surgery
*大腸肛門外科
*Gastrointestinal surgery
*消化器外科
*Transplant surgery
*移植手術
*Trauma surgery
*外傷外科
|
|
|-
|-
| [[Geriatrics]]
| [[Geriatrics/ja]]
| IMG
| IMG
| Medicine
| 医学
|
|
| Elderly patients
| 高齢患者
|-
|-
| [[Gynecology]]
| [[Gynecology/ja]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Female reproductive health
|女性の生殖に関する健康
|-
|-
| [[Hepatology]]
| [[Hepatology/ja]]
|
|
| Medicine
| 医学
|
|
| The [[liver]] and [[biliary tract]], usually a part of gastroenterology.
| [[liver/ja|肝臓]]と[[biliary tract/ja|胆道]]、通常は消化器内科の一部である。
|-
|-
|[[Hospital medicine]]
|[[Hospital medicine/ja]]
|
|
|Medicine
|医学
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
| [[Infectious disease]]
| [[Infectious disease/ja]]
| ID
| ID
| Medicine
| 医学
|
|
| Diseases caused by biological agents.
| 生物学的病原体によって引き起こされる病気
|-
|-
| [[Intensive care medicine]]
| [[Intensive care medicine/ja]]
|
|
| Medicine
| 医学
|
|
| [[Life support]] and management of critically ill patients, often in an [[intensive care unit|ICU]].
| 重症患者の[[Life support/ja|生命維持]]と管理は、しばしば[[intensive care unit/ja|ICU]]で行われる。
|-
|-
| [[Internal medicine]]
| [[Internal medicine/ja]]
|
|
| Medicine
| 医学
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
| [[Medical research]]
| [[Medical research/ja]]
|
|
|
|
|[[Anatomy]], [[Biochemistry]], [[Embryology]], [[Genetics]], [[Pharmacology]], [[Toxicology]]
|[[Anatomy/ja|解剖学]]、[[Biochemistry/ja|生化学]]、[[Embryology/ja|発生学]]、[[Genetics/ja|遺伝学]]、[[Pharmacology/ja|薬理学]]、[[Toxicology/ja|毒物学]]
|Care of hospitalized patients
|入院患者のケア
|-
|-
| [[Nephrology]]
| [[Nephrology/ja]]
|
|
| Medicine
| 医学
|
|
| Kidney diseases
| 腎臓病
|-
|-
| [[Neurology]]
| [[Neurology/ja]]
| N
| N
| Medicine
| 医学
|
|
*[[Behavioral neurology]]
*[[Behavioral neurology/ja]]
*[[Clinical neurophysiology]]
*[[Clinical neurophysiology/ja]]
*[[Geriatric neurology]]
*[[Geriatric neurology/ja]]
*Headache medicine
*頭痛
*[[Neuromuscular medicine]]
*[[Neuromuscular medicine/ja]]
*[[Neurodevelopmental disorder|Neurodevelopmental disabilities]]
*[[Neurodevelopmental disorder/ja|神経発達障害]]
*Neuro-oncology
*神経腫瘍学
*[[Neuroradiology]]
*[[Neuroradiology/ja]]
*Vascular neurology
*血管神経学
*[[Hospice and palliative medicine]]
*[[Hospice and palliative medicine/ja]]
*[[Pain medicine]]
*[[Pain medicine/ja]]
*[[Sleep medicine]]
*[[Sleep medicine/ja]]
| Diseases involving the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems.
| 中枢神経系、末梢神経系、自律神経系に関わる疾患
|-
|-
| [[Neurosurgery]]
| [[Neurosurgery/ja]]
| NS
| NS
| Surgery
| 外科
|
|
*[[Cerebrovascular]]
*[[Cerebrovascular/ja]]
*[[Neurosurgical oncology]]
*[[Neurosurgical oncology/ja]]
*[[Stereotactic surgery|Stereotactic]] and functional
*[[Stereotactic surgery/ja|定位]]と機能性
*[[Vertebral column|Spine]]
*[[Vertebral column/ja|背骨]]
*[[Neurotrauma]]
*[[Neurotrauma/ja]]
*[[Skull base]]
*[[Skull base/ja]]
*[[Peripheral neuropathy|Peripheral nerve]]
*[[Peripheral neuropathy/ja|末梢神経]]
*[[Pediatric neurosurgery]]
*[[Pediatric neurosurgery/ja]]
| Disease of the [[central nervous system]], [[peripheral nervous system]], and [[spinal column]].
| [[central nervous system/ja|中枢神経系]]、[[peripheral nervous system/ja|末梢神経系]]、[[spinal column/ja|脊柱]]の疾患
|-
|-
| [[Obstetrics and gynecology]]
| [[Obstetrics and gynecology/ja]]
| OB/GYN
| OB/GYN
| Surgery
| 外科
|
|
*[[Maternal-fetal medicine]]
*[[Maternal-fetal medicine/ja]]
*[[Reproductive medicine]]
*[[Reproductive medicine/ja]]
*[[Fertility medicine]]
*[[Fertility medicine/ja]]
*[[Gynecologic oncology]]
*[[Gynecologic oncology/ja]]
|
|
|-
|-
| [[Oncology]]
| [[Oncology/ja]]
| ON
| ON
| Medicine
| 医学
|
|
*[[Radiation oncology]] – pertains to the use of [[radiation therapy]] (the [[medicine|medical]] use of [[ionizing radiation]]) as part of [[cancer]] treatment to control [[malignant]] cells (not to be confused with [[radiology]]).
*[[Radiation oncology/ja]] – [[malignant/ja|悪性]]細胞を制御するための[[cancer/ja|がん]]治療の一環としての[[radiation therapy/ja|放射線療法]]（[[ionizing radiation/ja|電離放射線]]の[[medicine/ja|医学]]使用）に関するものである（[[radiology/ja|放射線学]]と混同されないように）
| [[Cancer]] and other malignant diseases, often grouped with hematology.
| [[Cancer/ja|がん]]などの悪性疾患は、血液学と一括りにされることが多い
|-
|-
| [[Ophthalmology]]
| [[Ophthalmology/ja]]
| OPH
| OPH
| Surgery
| 外科
|
|
* Anterior segment surgery
* 前眼部手術
* Cornea
* 角膜
* [[Glaucoma]]
* [[Glaucoma/ja]]
* [[Neuro-ophthalmology]]
* [[Neuro-ophthalmology/ja]]
* [[Ocular oncology]]
* [[Ocular oncology/ja]]
* [[Oculoplastics|Oculoplastics and Orbital surgery]]
* [[Oculoplastics/ja|眼形成と眼窩手術]]
* [[Ophthalmic pathology]]
* [[Ophthalmic pathology/ja]]
* [[Pediatric ophthalmology|Pediatric ophthalmology/strabismus]]
* [[Pediatric ophthalmology/ja|小児眼科／斜視]]
* [[Refractive surgery]]
* [[Refractive surgery/ja]]
* [[Retina|Medical retina]]
* [[Retina|Medical retina/ja]]
* [[Uveitis]]
* [[Uveitis/ja]]
* [[Vitreoretinal surgery|Vitreo-retinal surgery]]
* [[Vitreoretinal surgery/ja|網膜硝子体手術]]
| Diseases of the visual pathways, including the eyes, brain, etc.
| 眼、脳などの視覚経路の疾患
|-
|-
| [[Oral and maxillofacial surgery]]
| [[Oral and maxillofacial surgery/ja]]
| Maxfacs, OMS
| Maxfacs, OMS
| Surgery
| 外科
|
|
*Oral and Craniofacial surgery (Head and neck)
*口腔・頭蓋顔面外科（頭頸部）
*Facial cosmetic surgery
*顔の美容整形
*Craniomaxillofacial trauma
*頭蓋顎顔面外傷
| Disease of the head, neck, face, jaws and the hard and soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region.
| 頭部、頸部、顔面、顎および口腔・顎顔面領域の硬・軟組織の疾患
|-
|-
| [[Orthopedic surgery]]
| [[Orthopedic surgery/ja]]
| ORS
| ORS
| Surgery
| 外科
| [[Hand surgery]], [[surgical sports medicine]], adult reconstruction, spine surgery, foot and ankle, musculoskeletal oncology, orthopedic trauma surgery, pediatric orthopedic surgery
| [[Hand surgery/ja|手の外科]]、[[surgical sports medicine/ja|外科スポーツ医学]]、成人再建、脊椎外科、足関節、筋骨格系腫瘍学、整形外科外傷外科、小児整形外科
| Injury and disease of the [[musculoskeletal system]].
| [[musculoskeletal system/ja|筋骨格系]]の傷害と疾患
|-
|-
| [[Otorhinolaryngology]], or ENT
| [[Otorhinolaryngology/ja]], あるいは ENT
| ORL, ENT
| ORL, ENT
| Surgery
| 外科
| Head and neck, facial cosmetic surgery, [[Neurotology]], Laryngology
| 頭頸部、顔面美容外科、[[Neurotology/ja|神経耳科]]、喉頭科
| Treatment of ear, nose, and throat disorders. The term [[head and neck surgery]] defines a closely related specialty that is concerned mainly with [[surgical oncology|the surgical management of cancer]] of the same anatomical structures.
| 耳鼻咽喉疾患の治療。[[head and neck surgery/ja|頭頸部外科]]という用語は、主に同じ解剖学的構造の[[surgical oncology/ja|癌の外科的管理]]に関係する密接に関連した専門分野を定義している
|-
|-
| [[Palliative care]]
| [[Palliative care/ja]]
| PLM
| PLM
| Medicine
| 医学
|
|
| A relatively modern branch of clinical medicine that deals with pain and symptom relief and emotional support in patients with [[terminal illness]]es including [[cancer]] and [[heart failure]].
| [[cancer/ja|がん]]や[[heart failure/ja|心不全]]などの[[terminal illness/ja|終末期疾患]]患者の痛みや症状の緩和、精神的サポートを扱う、比較的近代的な臨床医学の一分野である。
|-
|-
| [[Pathology as a medical specialty|Pathology]]
| [[Pathology as a medical specialty/ja|病理学]]
| PTH
| PTH
| Diagnostic
| 診断
|
|
| Understanding [[disease]] through examination of [[molecule]]s, [[Cell (biology)|cells]], [[Tissue (biology)|tissue]]s and [[Organ (anatomy)|organ]]s. The term encompasses both the medical specialty that uses tissues and body fluids to obtain clinically useful information and the related [[science|scientific]] study of disease processes.
| [[molecule/ja|分子]]、[[Cell (biology)/ja|細胞]]、[[Tissue (biology)/ja|組織]]、[[Organ (anatomy)/ja|臓器]]の検査を通して[[disease/ja|病気]]を理解すること。この用語は、組織や体液を用いて臨床的に有用な情報を得る診療科と、関連する[[:ja:科学|科学]]疾患過程の研究の両方を包含する。
|-
|-
| [[Pediatrics]]
| [[Pediatrics/ja]]
| PD
| PD
| Medicine
| 医学
| Children. Like internal medicine, pediatrics has many sub-specialties for specific age ranges, organ systems, disease classes, and sites of care delivery. Most sub-specialties of adult medicine have a pediatric equivalent such as [[pediatric cardiology]], [[pediatric emergency medicine]], [[pediatric endocrinology]], [[pediatric gastroenterology]], [[pediatric hematology]], [[pediatric oncology]], [[pediatric ophthalmology]], and [[neonatology]].
| 小児。内科と同様、小児科にも特定の年齢層、臓器系、疾患クラス、診療部位に対応した多くのサブスペシャリティがある。[[pediatric cardiology/ja|小児循環器科]]、[[pediatric emergency medicine/ja|小児救急科]]、[[pediatric endocrinology/ja|小児内分泌科]]、[[pediatric gastroenterology/ja|小児消化器科]]、[[pediatric hematology/ja|小児血液科]]、[[pediatric oncology/ja|小児腫瘍科]]、[[pediatric ophthalmology/ja|小児眼科]]、[[neonatology/ja|新生児科]]などである。
| Deals with the medical care of [[infant]]s, [[child]]ren, and [[adolescent]]s (from [[newborn]] to age 16–21, depending on the country).
| [[infant/ja|乳児]]、[[child/ja|小児]]、[[adolescent/ja|思春期]]（国によって異なるが、[[newborn/ja|新生児]]から16～21歳まで）の医療を扱う。
|-
|-
| [[Pediatric surgery]]
| [[Pediatric surgery/ja]]
|
|
| Surgery
| 外科
| Treats a wide variety of [[chest|thoracic]] and [[abdominal]] (and sometimes [[urology|urologic]]) diseases of childhood.
| 小児期のさまざまな[[chest/ja|胸部]]および[[abdominal/ja|腹部]]（ときには[[urology/ja|泌尿器科]]）の疾患を治療する。
|
|
|-
|-
| [[Physical medicine and rehabilitation]] Or Physiatry
| [[Physical medicine and rehabilitation/ja]] あるいは、リハビリテーション科
| PM&R
| PM&R
| Medicine
| 医学
|
|
*Cancer Rehabilitation
*がんのリハビリテーション
*Pain Management
*疼痛管理
*Traumatic Brain Injury
*外傷性脳損傷
*Spinal Cord Injury
*脊髄損傷
*Sports Medicine
*スポーツ医学
*Pediatrics
*小児科
*Hospice & Palliative Medicine
*ホスピス・緩和医療
| Concerned with functional improvement after injury, illness, or [[congenital disorder]]s.
| 怪我、病気、または[[congenital disorder/ja|先天性障害]]の後の機能的改善に関心を持つ
|-
|-
| [[Plastic surgery]]
| [[Plastic surgery/ja]]
| PS
| PS
| Surgery
| 外科
|
|
*Cosmetic surgery
*美容外科
*Burn
*火傷
*Microsurgery
*マイクロサージェリー
*Hand surgery
*手の外科手術
*Craniofacial surgery
*頭蓋顔面外科
| Elective cosmetic surgery as well as reconstructive surgery after traumatic or operative mutilation.
| 選択的な美容整形手術や、外傷や手術による切除後の再建手術
|-
|-
| [[Podiatry]]
| [[Podiatry/ja]]
| POD
| POD
| Surgery
| 外科
|
|
*Forefoot surgery
*前足部の手術
*Midfoot surgery
*中足部の手術
*Rearfoot surgery
*後足部の手術
*Ankle surgery
*足首の手術
*Soft tissue leg surgery
*脚の軟部組織手術
|Elective podiatric surgery of the foot and ankle, lower limb diabetic wound and salvation, [[peripheral vascular disease]] limb preservation, lower limb [[mononeuropathy]] conditions. Reconstructive [[foot & ankle surgery]].
|足と足首の選択的足病学手術、下肢糖尿病創と救済、[[peripheral vascular disease/ja|末梢血管疾患]]四肢温存、下肢[[mononeuropathy/ja|単ニューロパチー]]状態。再建[[foot & ankle surgery/ja|足関節外科]]
|-
|-
| [[Proctology]]
| [[Proctology/ja]]
| PRO
| PRO
| Medicine
| 医学
|
|
| (or [[Colorectal Surgery]]) Treats disease in the [[rectum]], [[anus]], and [[Colon (anatomy)|colon]].
| （または[[Colorectal Surgery/ja|大腸肛門外科]]）[[rectum/ja|直腸]]、[[anus/ja|肛門]]、[[Colon (anatomy)/ja|大腸]]の疾患を治療する
|-
|-
| [[Psychiatry]]
| [[Psychiatry/ja]]
| P
| P
| Medicine
| 医学
|
|
*[[Addiction psychiatry]] focuses on substance abuse and its treatment.
*[[Addiction psychiatry/ja|中毒精神医学]]は、薬物乱用とその治療に焦点を当てている
*[[Child psychiatry|Child and adolescent psychiatry]] focuses on the care of children and adolescents with mental, emotional, and learning problems including [[ADHD]], [[autism]], and family conflicts.
*[[Child psychiatry/ja|児童青年精神医学]]は、[[ADHD/ja|ADHD]]や[[autism/ja|自閉症]]、家族間の葛藤など、精神的、情緒的、学習上の問題を抱えた子どもや青年のケアに焦点を当てている
*[[Liaison psychiatry|Consultation-Liaison psychiatry]] focuses on the interface between general medicine and psychiatry.
*[[Liaison psychiatry/ja|コンサルテーション-リエゾン精神医学]]は、一般内科と精神科の接点に焦点を当てている
*[[Forensic psychiatry]] focuses on the interface of psychiatry and law.
*[[Forensic psychiatry/ja|法医学精神医学]]は、精神医学と法律の接点に焦点を当てている
*[[Geriatric psychiatry]] focuses on the care of elderly people with mental illnesses including [[dementia]]s, post-stroke cognitive changes, and depression.
*[[Geriatric psychiatry/ja|老年精神医学]]は、[[dementia/ja|認知症]]、脳卒中後の認知変化、うつ病などの精神疾患を持つ高齢者のケアに焦点を当てている
*[[Neuropsychiatry]] focuses on affective, cognitive and behavioral disorders attributable to diseases of the nervous system
*[[Neuropsychiatry/ja|神経精神医学]]は、神経系の疾患に起因する感情障害、認知障害、行動障害に焦点を当てている
*[[Sleep medicine]] focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders.
*[[Sleep medicine/ja|睡眠医学]]は、睡眠障害の診断と治療に焦点を当てている
*[[Hospice and Palliative Medicine]]
*[[Hospice and Palliative Medicine/ja]]
*[[Pain medicine]]
*[[Pain medicine/ja]]
| The [[biopsychosocial|bio-psycho-social]] study of the [[etiology]], [[diagnosis]], treatment and [[Preventive medicine|prevention]] of [[cognitive]], [[perceptual]], [[emotional]] and [[behavioral]] disorders. Related fields include [[psychotherapy]] and [[clinical psychology]].
| [[cognitive/ja|認知]]・[[perceptual/ja|知覚]]・[[emotional/ja|感情]]・[[behavioral/ja|行動]]障害の[[etiology/ja|病因]]・[[diagnosis/ja|診断]]・治療・[[Preventive medicine/ja|予防]]を研究する[[biopsychosocial/ja|生物心理社会学]]。関連分野として[[psychotherapy/ja|心理療法]]や[[clinical psychology/ja|臨床心理学]]がある。
|-
|-
| [[Pulmonology]]
| [[Pulmonology/ja]]
|
|
| Medicine
| 医学
|
|
| The lungs and [[respiratory system]]. ''Pulmonology'' is generally considered a branch of [[internal medicine]], although it is closely related to [[intensive care medicine]] when dealing with patients requiring [[mechanical ventilation]].
| 肺と[[respiratory system/ja|呼吸器系]]のことである。 呼吸器内科は一般に[[internal medicine/ja|内科]]の一分野と考えられているが、[[mechanical ventilation/ja|機械的人工呼吸]]を必要とする患者を扱う場合には[[intensive care medicine/ja|集中治療医学]]と密接な関係がある。
|-
|-
| [[Public health|Public Health]]
| [[Public health/ja|公衆衛生]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Public health focuses on the health of populations. Physicians employed in this field work in policy, research or [[health promotion]], taking a broad view of health that encompasses the [[social determinants of health]].
| 公衆衛生は集団の健康に焦点を当てる。この分野で雇用される医師は、政策、研究、または[[health promotion/ja|健康増進]]に従事し、[[social determinants of health/ja|健康の社会的決定要因]]を包含する健康の広い視野に立つ。
|-
|-
| [[Radiology]]
| [[Radiology/ja]]
| R, DR
| R, DR
| Diagnostic and Therapeutic
| 診断と治療
|
|
*[[Interventional radiology]] is concerned with using expert imaging of the human body, usually via CT, ultrasound, [[fluoroscopy]], or MRI to perform a breadth of intravascular procedures (angioplasty, arterial stenting, thrombolysis, uterine fibroid embolization), [[biopsy|biopsies]] and minimally invasive oncologic procedures (radiofrequency and cryoablation of tumors & transarterial chemoembolization)
*[[Interventional radiology/ja|インターベンショナル・ラジオロジー]]は、通常CT、超音波、[[fluoroscopy/ja|透視]]、またはMRIを用いた人体の専門的な画像診断を用いて、血管内手技（血管形成術、動脈ステント留置術、血栓溶解術、子宮筋腫塞栓術）、[[biopsy/ja|生検]]、低侵襲的腫瘍学的手技（腫瘍の高周波および冷凍アブレーション、経動脈的化学塞栓術）などを行うことを目的としている。
*[[Nuclear medicine]] uses [[radioactive decay|radioactive]] substances for ''[[in vivo]]'' and ''[[in vitro]]'' diagnosis either using imaging of the location of radioactive substances placed into a patient or using ''in vitro'' diagnostic tests utilizing [[radioactivity|radioactive]] substances.
*[[Nuclear medicine/ja|核医学]]では、[[radioactive decay/ja|放射性]]物質を''[[in vivo/ja|生体内]]''や''[[in vitro/ja|試験管内]]''の診断のために、患者に入れた放射性物質の位置を画像化したり、[[radioactivity/ja|放射性]]物質を利用した''試験管内''診断検査を行う。
| The use of expertise in radiation in the context of [[medical imaging]] for [[diagnosis]] or image guided minimally invasive therapy. [[Radiography|X-rays]], etc.
| [[diagnosis/ja|診断]]や画像誘導による低侵襲治療のための[[medical imaging/ja|医用画像診断]]において、放射線の専門知識を用いること。[[Radiography/ja|X線撮影]]など。
|-
|-
| [[Rheumatology]]
| [[Rheumatology/ja]]
| RHU
| RHU
| Medicine
|医学
|
|
| [[Autoimmunity|Autoimmune]] and inflammatory diseases of the [[joint]]s and other organ systems, such as [[arthritis]] and other [[rheumatic diseases]].
| [[arthritis/ja|関節炎]]やその他の[[heumatic diseases/ja|リウマチ性疾患]]など、[[joint/ja|関節]]やその他の臓器系の[[Autoimmunity/ja|自己免疫性]]および炎症性疾患である。
|-
|-
| [[Surgical oncology]]
| [[Surgical oncology/ja]]
| SO
| SO
| Surgery
| 外科
|
|
| Curative and palliative surgical approaches to [[cancer]] treatment.
| [[cancer/ja|がん]]治療における治癒的外科的アプローチと緩和的外科的アプローチ
|-
|-
| [[Thoracic surgery]]
| [[Thoracic surgery/ja]]
| TS
| TS
| Surgery
| 外科
|
|
| Surgery of the organs of the [[thoracic cavity]]: the heart, lungs, and great vessels.
| [[thoracic cavity/ja|胸腔]]の臓器：心臓、肺、大血管の手術
|-
|-
| [[Organ transplantation|Transplant surgery]]
| [[Organ transplantation/ja|移植手術]]
| TTS
| TTS
| Surgery
| 外科
|
|
|Transplantation of [[Organ (anatomy)|organs]] from one body to another.
|ある身体から別の身体へ[[Organ (anatomy)/ja|器官]]を移植すること。
|-
|-
|Toxicology
|毒物学
|
|
|Diagnostic and Therapeutic
|診断と治療
|
|
* Environmental
* 環境
* Forensic
* 法医学
* Occupational
* 職業
* Pediatric
* 小児科
|Poisonings, Overdoses; Environmental, and Occupational Exposures
|中毒、過剰摂取、環境、職業暴露
|-
|-
| Urgent Care Medicine
| 救急医療
| UCM
| UCM
| Medicine
| 医学
|
|
| Immediate medical care offering outpatient care for the treatment of acute and chronic illness and injury.
| 急性および慢性の病気やけがの治療のための外来診療を提供する即時医療。
|-
|-
| [[Urology]]
| [[Urology/ja]]
| U
| U
| Surgery
| 外科
|
|
| [[Urinary tract]]s of males and females, and the [[male reproductive system]]. It is often practiced together with [[andrology]] ("men's health").
| 男性と女性の[[Urinary tract/ja|尿路]]、および[[male reproductive system/ja|男性生殖器系]]を対象とする。しばしば[[andrology/ja|アンドロロジー]]（「男性の健康」）と共に実践される。
|-
|-
| [[Vascular surgery]]
| [[Vascular surgery/ja]]
| VS
| VS
| Surgery
| 外科
|
|
| The peripheral blood vessels – those outside the [[chest]] (usually operated on by [[cardiovascular surgery|cardiovascular surgeons]]) and outside the [[central nervous system]] (treated by [[neurosurgery]]).
| 末梢血管-[[chest/ja|胸部]]以外の血管（通常、[[cardiovascular surgery/ja|心臓血管外科医]]によって手術される）および[[central nervous system/ja|中枢神経系]]以外の血管（[[neurosurgery/ja|脳神経外科]]によって治療される）。
|-
|-
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 22:47, 19 February 2024

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Message definition (Medical specialty)
==List of North American medical specialties and others==
In this table, as in many healthcare arenas, medical specialties are organized into the following groups:
* [[Surgery|Surgical]] specialties focus on manually operative and instrumental techniques to treat disease.
* [[Medicine|Medical]] specialties that focus on the diagnosis and non-surgical treatment of disease.
* [[Diagnostic specialty|Diagnostic]] specialties focus more purely on diagnosis of disorders.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Specialty
! Code
! Group
! Sub-specialties
! Focus
|-
| [[Allergy]] and [[immunology]]
|
|
|
| Allergic reactions, asthma, and the immune system.
|-
| [[Anesthesiology]]
| AN, PAN
| Surgery
|
*[[Pediatric anesthesia]]
*[[Pain management]]
*[[Intensive care]]
*[[intensive-care medicine|Critical care]]
*[[Obstetrics and gynaecology]]
*[[Cardiothoracic anesthesiology]]
*Trauma care
*Pre- and Post-Operative Assessment and Care
*Generalist (covers all the sub-specialties)
| [[Anesthesia]]
|-
| [[Bariatrics]] 
|
|
|
| Deals with the causes, prevention, and treatment of [[obesity]].
|-
| [[Cardiology]]
|
| [[Medicine]]
|
* [[Interventional cardiology]]
* [[Echocardiography]]
* [[Electrocardiography]]
* [[Sports cardiology]]
* [[Cardiogeriatrics]]
* Preventive cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation
* Pediatric cardiology
| Disease of the [[cardiovascular system]].
|-
| [[Cardiovascular surgery]]
|
| [[Surgery]]
|
| The operation of [[heart]] and major [[blood vessel]]s of the [[chest]].
|-
| [[Clinical laboratory]] sciences
|
| Diagnostic
|
*[[Transfusion medicine]] is concerned with the transfusion of [[blood]] and [[blood component]], including the maintenance of a "[[blood bank]]".
*[[Cellular pathology]] is concerned with diagnosis using samples from patients taken as tissues and cells using [[histology]] and [[cytopathology|cytology]].
*[[Clinical chemistry]] is concerned with diagnosis by making biochemical analysis of blood, body fluids, and tissues.
*[[Hematology]] is concerned with diagnosis by looking at changes in the cellular composition of the [[blood]] and [[bone marrow]] as well as the [[coagulation system]] in the blood.
*[[Clinical microbiology]] is concerned with the ''[[in vitro]]'' diagnosis of diseases caused by [[bacterium|bacteria]], [[virus]]es, [[fungus|fungi]], and [[parasite]]s.
*[[Clinical immunology]] is concerned with disorders of the [[immune system]] and related body defenses. It also deals with diagnosis of [[allergy]].
| Application of diagnostic techniques in [[medical laboratories]] such as [[assay]]s, [[microscope]] analysis.
|-
| [[Dermatology]]
| D, DS
| Medicine
| Dermatology, [[Mohs surgery]]
| [[Skin]] and its appendages ([[hair]], [[nail (anatomy)|nail]]s, [[sweat gland]]s etc.).
|-
| [[Dietetics]]
| RD
|
|
|Food and nutrition
|-
| [[Emergency medicine]]
| EM
| Medicine
|
*[[Disaster medicine]]
*Emergency medical services
*Hospice and palliative medicine
*International Emergency Medicine and Global Health
*Medical toxicology
*[[Pediatric emergency medicine]]
*Research
*Simulation
*Sports medicine
*Toxicology
*Ultrasound
*Undersea and hyperbaric medicine
*[[Wilderness medicine (practice)|Wilderness medicine]]
| The initial management of emergent medical conditions, often in hospital [[emergency room|emergency departments]] or the field.
|-
| [[Endocrinology]]
|
| Medicine
|
| The [[endocrine system]] (i.e., [[endocrine gland]]s and [[hormone]]s) and its diseases, including [[diabetes]] and [[thyroid]] diseases.
|-
| [[Family medicine]]
| FM
| Medicine
|
*Addiction medicine
*Adolescent medicine
*Anesthesia
*[[Emergency medicine]]
*Care of the elderly (geriatric medicine)
*Clinical environmental health
*Global health
*HIV care
*Hospital medicine
*Indigenous health
*Low-risk obstetrics
*Medical education
*Medical oncology
*Medical simulation
*Pain medicine
*Palliative care
*Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS)
*Research
*Sleep medicine
*Sports and exercise medicine
*Women's health
| Continuing, comprehensive healthcare for the individual and family, integrating the biological, clinical and behavioral sciences to treat patients of all ages, sexes, organ systems, and diseases.
|-
| [[Forensic medicine]]
|
| Medicine
|
|
|-
| [[Gastroenterology]]
| GI
| Medicine
|
| The [[alimentary tract]]
|-
| [[General surgery]]
| GS
| Surgery
|
*Colorectal surgery
*Gastrointestinal surgery
*Transplant surgery
*Trauma surgery
|
|-
| [[Geriatrics]]
| IMG
| Medicine
|
| Elderly patients
|-
| [[Gynecology]]
|
|
|
|Female reproductive health
|-
| [[Hepatology]]
|
| Medicine
|
| The [[liver]] and [[biliary tract]], usually a part of gastroenterology.
|-
|[[Hospital medicine]]
|
|Medicine
|
|
|-
| [[Infectious disease]]
| ID
| Medicine
|
| Diseases caused by biological agents.
|-
| [[Intensive care medicine]]
|
| Medicine
|
| [[Life support]] and management of critically ill patients, often in an [[intensive care unit|ICU]].
|-
| [[Internal medicine]]
|
| Medicine
|
|
|-
| [[Medical research]]
|
|
|[[Anatomy]], [[Biochemistry]], [[Embryology]], [[Genetics]], [[Pharmacology]], [[Toxicology]]
|Care of hospitalized patients
|-
| [[Nephrology]]
|
| Medicine
|
| Kidney diseases
|-
| [[Neurology]]
| N
| Medicine
|
*[[Behavioral neurology]]
*[[Clinical neurophysiology]]
*[[Geriatric neurology]]
*Headache medicine
*[[Neuromuscular medicine]]
*[[Neurodevelopmental disorder|Neurodevelopmental disabilities]]
*Neuro-oncology
*[[Neuroradiology]]
*Vascular neurology
*[[Hospice and palliative medicine]]
*[[Pain medicine]]
*[[Sleep medicine]]
| Diseases involving the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems.
|-
| [[Neurosurgery]]
| NS
| Surgery
|
*[[Cerebrovascular]]
*[[Neurosurgical oncology]]
*[[Stereotactic surgery|Stereotactic]] and functional
*[[Vertebral column|Spine]]
*[[Neurotrauma]]
*[[Skull base]]
*[[Peripheral neuropathy|Peripheral nerve]]
*[[Pediatric neurosurgery]]
| Disease of the [[central nervous system]], [[peripheral nervous system]], and [[spinal column]].
|-
| [[Obstetrics and gynecology]]
| OB/GYN
| Surgery
|
*[[Maternal-fetal medicine]]
*[[Reproductive medicine]]
*[[Fertility medicine]]
*[[Gynecologic oncology]]
|
|-
| [[Oncology]]
| ON
| Medicine
|
*[[Radiation oncology]] – pertains to the use of [[radiation therapy]] (the [[medicine|medical]] use of [[ionizing radiation]]) as part of [[cancer]] treatment to control [[malignant]] cells (not to be confused with [[radiology]]).
| [[Cancer]] and other malignant diseases, often grouped with hematology.
|-
| [[Ophthalmology]]
| OPH
| Surgery
|
* Anterior segment surgery
* Cornea
* [[Glaucoma]]
* [[Neuro-ophthalmology]]
* [[Ocular oncology]]
* [[Oculoplastics|Oculoplastics and Orbital surgery]]
* [[Ophthalmic pathology]]
* [[Pediatric ophthalmology|Pediatric ophthalmology/strabismus]]
* [[Refractive surgery]]
* [[Retina|Medical retina]]
* [[Uveitis]]
* [[Vitreoretinal surgery|Vitreo-retinal surgery]]
| Diseases of the visual pathways, including the eyes, brain, etc.
|-
| [[Oral and maxillofacial surgery]]
| Maxfacs, OMS
| Surgery
|
*Oral and Craniofacial surgery (Head and neck)
*Facial cosmetic surgery
*Craniomaxillofacial trauma
| Disease of the head, neck, face, jaws and the hard and soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region.
|-
| [[Orthopedic surgery]]
| ORS
| Surgery
| [[Hand surgery]], [[surgical sports medicine]], adult reconstruction, spine surgery, foot and ankle, musculoskeletal oncology, orthopedic trauma surgery, pediatric orthopedic surgery
| Injury and disease of the [[musculoskeletal system]].
|-
| [[Otorhinolaryngology]], or ENT
| ORL, ENT
| Surgery
| Head and neck, facial cosmetic surgery, [[Neurotology]], Laryngology
| Treatment of ear, nose, and throat disorders. The term [[head and neck surgery]] defines a closely related specialty that is concerned mainly with [[surgical oncology|the surgical management of cancer]] of the same anatomical structures.
|-
| [[Palliative care]]
| PLM
| Medicine
|
| A relatively modern branch of clinical medicine that deals with pain and symptom relief and emotional support in patients with [[terminal illness]]es including [[cancer]] and [[heart failure]].
|-
| [[Pathology as a medical specialty|Pathology]]
| PTH
| Diagnostic
|
| Understanding [[disease]] through examination of [[molecule]]s, [[Cell (biology)|cells]], [[Tissue (biology)|tissue]]s and [[Organ (anatomy)|organ]]s. The term encompasses both the medical specialty that uses tissues and body fluids to obtain clinically useful information and the related [[science|scientific]] study of disease processes.
|-
| [[Pediatrics]]
| PD
| Medicine
| Children. Like internal medicine, pediatrics has many sub-specialties for specific age ranges, organ systems, disease classes, and sites of care delivery. Most sub-specialties of adult medicine have a pediatric equivalent such as [[pediatric cardiology]], [[pediatric emergency medicine]], [[pediatric endocrinology]], [[pediatric gastroenterology]], [[pediatric hematology]], [[pediatric oncology]], [[pediatric ophthalmology]], and [[neonatology]].
| Deals with the medical care of [[infant]]s, [[child]]ren, and [[adolescent]]s (from [[newborn]] to age 16–21, depending on the country).
|-
| [[Pediatric surgery]]
|
| Surgery
| Treats a wide variety of [[chest|thoracic]] and [[abdominal]] (and sometimes [[urology|urologic]]) diseases of childhood.
|
|-
| [[Physical medicine and rehabilitation]] Or Physiatry
| PM&R
| Medicine
|
*Cancer Rehabilitation
*Pain Management
*Traumatic Brain Injury
*Spinal Cord Injury
*Sports Medicine
*Pediatrics
*Hospice & Palliative Medicine
| Concerned with functional improvement after injury, illness, or [[congenital disorder]]s.
|-
| [[Plastic surgery]]
| PS
| Surgery
|
*Cosmetic surgery
*Burn
*Microsurgery
*Hand surgery
*Craniofacial surgery
| Elective cosmetic surgery as well as reconstructive surgery after traumatic or operative mutilation.
|-
| [[Podiatry]]
| POD
| Surgery
|
*Forefoot surgery
*Midfoot surgery
*Rearfoot surgery
*Ankle surgery
*Soft tissue leg surgery
|Elective podiatric surgery of the foot and ankle, lower limb diabetic wound and salvation, [[peripheral vascular disease]] limb preservation, lower limb [[mononeuropathy]] conditions. Reconstructive [[foot & ankle surgery]].
|-
| [[Proctology]]
| PRO
| Medicine
|
| (or [[Colorectal Surgery]]) Treats disease in the [[rectum]], [[anus]], and [[Colon (anatomy)|colon]].
|-
| [[Psychiatry]]
| P
| Medicine
|
*[[Addiction psychiatry]] focuses on substance abuse and its treatment.
*[[Child psychiatry|Child and adolescent psychiatry]] focuses on the care of children and adolescents with mental, emotional, and learning problems including [[ADHD]], [[autism]], and family conflicts.
*[[Liaison psychiatry|Consultation-Liaison psychiatry]] focuses on the interface between general medicine and psychiatry. 
*[[Forensic psychiatry]] focuses on the interface of psychiatry and law.
*[[Geriatric psychiatry]] focuses on the care of elderly people with mental illnesses including [[dementia]]s, post-stroke cognitive changes, and depression.
*[[Neuropsychiatry]] focuses on affective, cognitive and behavioral disorders attributable to diseases of the nervous system
*[[Sleep medicine]] focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders.
*[[Hospice and Palliative Medicine]]
*[[Pain medicine]]
| The [[biopsychosocial|bio-psycho-social]] study of the [[etiology]], [[diagnosis]], treatment and [[Preventive medicine|prevention]] of [[cognitive]], [[perceptual]], [[emotional]] and [[behavioral]] disorders. Related fields include [[psychotherapy]] and [[clinical psychology]].
|-
| [[Pulmonology]]
|
| Medicine
|
| The lungs and [[respiratory system]]. ''Pulmonology'' is generally considered a branch of [[internal medicine]], although it is closely related to [[intensive care medicine]] when dealing with patients requiring [[mechanical ventilation]].
|-
| [[Public health|Public Health]]
|
|
|
| Public health focuses on the health of populations. Physicians employed in this field work in policy, research or [[health promotion]], taking a broad view of health that encompasses the [[social determinants of health]]. 
|-
| [[Radiology]]
| R, DR
| Diagnostic and Therapeutic
|
*[[Interventional radiology]] is concerned with using expert imaging of the human body, usually via CT, ultrasound, [[fluoroscopy]], or MRI to perform a breadth of intravascular procedures (angioplasty, arterial stenting, thrombolysis, uterine fibroid embolization), [[biopsy|biopsies]] and minimally invasive oncologic procedures (radiofrequency and cryoablation of tumors & transarterial chemoembolization)
*[[Nuclear medicine]] uses [[radioactive decay|radioactive]] substances for ''[[in vivo]]'' and ''[[in vitro]]'' diagnosis either using imaging of the location of radioactive substances placed into a patient or using ''in vitro'' diagnostic tests utilizing [[radioactivity|radioactive]] substances.
| The use of expertise in radiation in the context of [[medical imaging]] for [[diagnosis]] or image guided minimally invasive therapy. [[Radiography|X-rays]], etc.
|-
| [[Rheumatology]]
| RHU
| Medicine
|
| [[Autoimmunity|Autoimmune]] and inflammatory diseases of the [[joint]]s and other organ systems, such as [[arthritis]] and other [[rheumatic diseases]].
|-
| [[Surgical oncology]]
| SO
| Surgery
|
| Curative and palliative surgical approaches to [[cancer]] treatment.
|-
| [[Thoracic surgery]]
| TS
| Surgery
|
| Surgery of the organs of the [[thoracic cavity]]: the heart, lungs, and great vessels.
|-
| [[Organ transplantation|Transplant surgery]]
| TTS
| Surgery
|
|Transplantation of [[Organ (anatomy)|organs]] from one body to another.
|-
|Toxicology
|
|Diagnostic and Therapeutic
|
* Environmental
* Forensic
* Occupational
* Pediatric
|Poisonings, Overdoses; Environmental, and Occupational Exposures 
|-
| Urgent Care Medicine
| UCM
| Medicine
|
| Immediate medical care offering outpatient care for the treatment of acute and chronic illness and injury.
|-
| [[Urology]]
| U
| Surgery
|
| [[Urinary tract]]s of males and females, and the [[male reproductive system]]. It is often practiced together with [[andrology]] ("men's health").
|-
| [[Vascular surgery]]
| VS
| Surgery
|
| The peripheral blood vessels – those outside the [[chest]] (usually operated on by [[cardiovascular surgery|cardiovascular surgeons]]) and outside the [[central nervous system]] (treated by [[neurosurgery]]).
|-
|}

北米の診療科一覧 ほか

この表では、多くの医療分野と同様に、診療科を以下のグループに分類している：

  • 外科専門分野は、病気を治療するための手作業による手術や器具を使った技術に重点を置いている。
  • 医学の専門分野であり、病気の診断と非外科的治療に重点を置いている。
  • 診断専門は、より純粋に障害の診断に重点を置いている。
専門分野 コード グループ 副専門分野 フォーカス
Allergy/jaとimmunology/ja アレルギー反応、喘息、免疫システム
Anesthesiology/ja AN, PAN 外科 Anesthesia/ja
Bariatrics/ja 肥満の原因、予防、治療を扱う
循環器学 医学 循環器系の疾患
Cardiovascular surgery/ja Surgery/ja 心臓と胸部の主要な血管を操作すること。
臨床検査科学 診断 検体分析、顕微鏡分析など、医学研究所における診断技術の応用
Dermatology/ja D, DS 医学 皮膚科、モース手術 皮膚とその付属器官（毛髪、nail、汗腺など）
Dietetics/ja RD 食品と栄養
Emergency medicine/ja EM 医学 病院の救急部や現場で、緊急の病状を初期管理することが多い。
内分泌学 医学 内分泌系（すなわち内分泌腺とホルモン）とその疾患（糖尿病や甲状腺疾患など）
Family medicine/ja FM 医学
  • 中毒医学
  • 青少年医学
  • 麻酔
  • Emergency medicine/ja
  • 高齢者のケア（老年医学）
  • 臨床環境衛生
  • グローバル・ヘルス
  • HIVケア
  • 病院医療
  • 先住民の健康
  • 低リスク産科
  • 医学教育
  • 腫瘍医学
  • 医療シミュレーション
  • 鎮痛
  • 緩和ケア
  • ポイント・オブ・ケア超音波（POCUS）
  • 研究
  • 睡眠医学
  • スポーツ・運動医学
  • 女性の健康
 あらゆる年齢、性別、臓器系、疾患の患者を治療するために、生物学、臨床科学、行動科学を統合し、個人と家族のための継続的で包括的な医療を行う。
Forensic medicine/ja 医学
Gastroenterology/ja GI 医学 alimentary tract/ja
General surgery/ja GS 外科
  • 大腸肛門外科
  • 消化器外科
  • 移植手術
  • 外傷外科
Geriatrics/ja IMG 医学 高齢患者
Gynecology/ja 女性の生殖に関する健康
Hepatology/ja 医学 肝臓と胆道、通常は消化器内科の一部である。
Hospital medicine/ja 医学
Infectious disease/ja ID 医学 生物学的病原体によって引き起こされる病気
Intensive care medicine/ja 医学 重症患者の生命維持と管理は、しばしばICUで行われる。
内科 医学
Medical research/ja 解剖学、生化学、発生学、遺伝学、薬理学、毒物学 入院患者のケア
Nephrology/ja 医学 腎臓病
Neurology/ja N 医学 中枢神経系、末梢神経系、自律神経系に関わる疾患
Neurosurgery/ja NS 外科 中枢神経系、末梢神経系、脊柱の疾患
Obstetrics and gynecology/ja OB/GYN 外科
Oncology/ja ON 医学 がんなどの悪性疾患は、血液学と一括りにされることが多い
Ophthalmology/ja OPH 外科 眼、脳などの視覚経路の疾患
Oral and maxillofacial surgery/ja Maxfacs, OMS 外科
  • 口腔・頭蓋顔面外科（頭頸部）
  • 顔の美容整形
  • 頭蓋顎顔面外傷
 頭部、頸部、顔面、顎および口腔・顎顔面領域の硬・軟組織の疾患
Orthopedic surgery/ja ORS 外科 手の外科、外科スポーツ医学、成人再建、脊椎外科、足関節、筋骨格系腫瘍学、整形外科外傷外科、小児整形外科 筋骨格系の傷害と疾患
Otorhinolaryngology/ja, あるいは ENT ORL, ENT 外科 頭頸部、顔面美容外科、神経耳科、喉頭科 耳鼻咽喉疾患の治療。頭頸部外科という用語は、主に同じ解剖学的構造の癌の外科的管理に関係する密接に関連した専門分野を定義している
Palliative care/ja PLM 医学 がんや心不全などの終末期疾患患者の痛みや症状の緩和、精神的サポートを扱う、比較的近代的な臨床医学の一分野である。
病理学 PTH 診断 分子、細胞、組織、臓器の検査を通して病気を理解すること。この用語は、組織や体液を用いて臨床的に有用な情報を得る診療科と、関連する科学疾患過程の研究の両方を包含する。
Pediatrics/ja PD 医学 小児。内科と同様、小児科にも特定の年齢層、臓器系、疾患クラス、診療部位に対応した多くのサブスペシャリティがある。小児循環器科、小児救急科、小児内分泌科、小児消化器科、小児血液科、小児腫瘍科、小児眼科、新生児科などである。 乳児、小児、思春期（国によって異なるが、新生児から16～21歳まで）の医療を扱う。
Pediatric surgery/ja 外科 小児期のさまざまな胸部および腹部（ときには泌尿器科）の疾患を治療する。
Physical medicine and rehabilitation/ja あるいは、リハビリテーション科 PM&R 医学
  • がんのリハビリテーション
  • 疼痛管理
  • 外傷性脳損傷
  • 脊髄損傷
  • スポーツ医学
  • 小児科
  • ホスピス・緩和医療
 怪我、病気、または先天性障害の後の機能的改善に関心を持つ
Plastic surgery/ja PS 外科
  • 美容外科
  • 火傷
  • マイクロサージェリー
  • 手の外科手術
  • 頭蓋顔面外科
 選択的な美容整形手術や、外傷や手術による切除後の再建手術
Podiatry/ja POD 外科
  • 前足部の手術
  • 中足部の手術
  • 後足部の手術
  • 足首の手術
  • 脚の軟部組織手術
 足と足首の選択的足病学手術、下肢糖尿病創と救済、末梢血管疾患四肢温存、下肢単ニューロパチー状態。再建足関節外科
Proctology/ja PRO 医学 （または大腸肛門外科）直腸、肛門、大腸の疾患を治療する
Psychiatry/ja P 医学 認知・知覚・感情・行動障害の病因・診断・治療・予防を研究する生物心理社会学。関連分野として心理療法や臨床心理学がある。
Pulmonology/ja 医学 肺と呼吸器系のことである。 呼吸器内科は一般に内科の一分野と考えられているが、機械的人工呼吸を必要とする患者を扱う場合には集中治療医学と密接な関係がある。
公衆衛生 公衆衛生は集団の健康に焦点を当てる。この分野で雇用される医師は、政策、研究、または健康増進に従事し、健康の社会的決定要因を包含する健康の広い視野に立つ。
Radiology/ja R, DR 診断と治療
  • インターベンショナル・ラジオロジーは、通常CT、超音波、透視、またはMRIを用いた人体の専門的な画像診断を用いて、血管内手技（血管形成術、動脈ステント留置術、血栓溶解術、子宮筋腫塞栓術）、生検、低侵襲的腫瘍学的手技（腫瘍の高周波および冷凍アブレーション、経動脈的化学塞栓術）などを行うことを目的としている。
  • 核医学では、放射性物質を生体内や試験管内の診断のために、患者に入れた放射性物質の位置を画像化したり、放射性物質を利用した試験管内診断検査を行う。
 診断や画像誘導による低侵襲治療のための医用画像診断において、放射線の専門知識を用いること。X線撮影など。
Rheumatology/ja RHU 医学 関節炎やその他のリウマチ性疾患など、関節やその他の臓器系の自己免疫性および炎症性疾患である。
Surgical oncology/ja SO 外科 がん治療における治癒的外科的アプローチと緩和的外科的アプローチ
Thoracic surgery/ja TS 外科 胸腔の臓器：心臓、肺、大血管の手術
移植手術 TTS 外科 ある身体から別の身体へ器官を移植すること。
毒物学 診断と治療
  • 環境
  • 法医学
  • 職業
  • 小児科
 中毒、過剰摂取、環境、職業暴露
救急医療 UCM 医学 急性および慢性の病気やけがの治療のための外来診療を提供する即時医療。
Urology/ja U 外科 男性と女性の尿路、および男性生殖器系を対象とする。しばしばアンドロロジー（「男性の健康」）と共に実践される。
Vascular surgery/ja VS 外科 末梢血管-胸部以外の血管（通常、心臓血管外科医によって手術される）および中枢神経系以外の血管（脳神経外科によって治療される）。
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