Endocrine disease: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox medical condition (new)

| name            = Endocrine diseases

| caption        = Major [[endocrine gland]]s. ([[Male]] left, [[female]] on the right.) '''1.''' [[Pineal gland]] '''2.''' [[Pituitary gland]] '''3.''' [[Thyroid gland]] '''4.''' [[Thymus]] '''5.''' [[Adrenal gland]] '''6.''' [[Pancreas]] '''7.''' [[Ovary]] '''8.''' [[Testes]]

| field          = [[Endocrinology]]

| pronounce      =

| synonyms        = Endocrinopathy

}}

'''Endocrine diseases''' are disorders of the [[endocrine system]]. The branch of [[medicine]] associated with endocrine disorders is known as [[endocrinology]].

Broadly speaking, endocrine disorders may be subdivided into three groups:

# Endocrine gland hypofunction/hypo[[secretion]] (leading to hormone deficiency)

# Tumours (benign or malignant) of endocrine glands

Endocrine disorders are often quite complex, involving a mixed picture of hyposecretion and hypersecretion because of the feedback mechanisms involved in the endocrine system. For example, most forms of [[hyperthyroidism]] are associated with an excess of [[thyroid hormone]] and a low level of [[thyroid stimulating hormone]].

* [[Diabetes]]

** [[Diabetes mellitus type 1|Type 1 Diabetes]]

* [[Glucagonoma]]

* [[Goitre]]

* [[Hyperthyroidism]]

* [[Thyroid hormone resistance]]

* [[Parathyroid gland]] disorders

** [[Hyperparathyroidism]]

* [[Osteomalacia]]

* [[Diabetes insipidus]]

* Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)

* [[Hypopituitarism]] (or [[hypopituitarism|Panhypopituitarism]])

* [[Pituitary tumor]]s

** [[Cushing's disease]]

* [[Addison's disease]]

* [[Adrenal crisis]]

* [[Hyperaldosteronism]]

* [[Disorders of sex development]] or intersex disorders

** [[Hermaphroditism]]

** [[Polycystic ovary syndrome|Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)]]

[[File:Multiple endocrine neoplasia.png|thumb|[[Multiple endocrine neoplasia]] types.]]

* [[Multiple endocrine neoplasia]]

* [[Carcinoid syndrome]]

* [[Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome]]s

* [[Incidentaloma]] - an unexpected finding on diagnostic imaging, often of endocrine glands

In endocrinology, medical emergencies include [[diabetic ketoacidosis]], [[hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state]], [[hypoglycemia|hypoglycemic coma]], [[adrenal insufficiency|acute adrenocortical insufficiency]], [[phaeochromocytoma]] crisis, [[hypercalcemic crisis]], [[thyroid storm]], [[myxoedema coma]] and [[pituitary apoplexy]].

Emergencies arising from decompensated [[pheochromocytoma]]s or [[parathyroid]] adenomas are sometimes referred for emergency resection when aggressive medical therapies fail to control the patient's state, however the surgical risks are significant, especially blood pressure lability and the possibility of cardiovascular collapse after resection (due to a brutal drop in respectively catecholamines and calcium, which must be compensated with gradual normalization). It remains debated when emergency surgery is appropriate as opposed to urgent or elective surgery after continued attempts to stabilize the patient, notably in view of newer and more efficient medications and protocols.

* [[List of MeSH codes (C19)]]

* [[List of ICD-9 codes 240-279: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases, and immunity disorders]]

{{Reflist}}

{{Medical resources

| DiseasesDB      =

{{Disease groups}}

{{二次利用|date=17 October 2023}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Endocrine Disease}}