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...favourable. The process of endospore formation has profound [[Morphology (biology)|morphological]] and [[Physiology|physiological]] consequences: radical pos ...lular proteins and [[polysaccharide]]s, or the induction of ‘[[Competence (biology)|competence]]’ for uptake of exogenous [[DNA]] for consumption, with the oc ...

...favourable. The process of endospore formation has profound [[Morphology (biology)|morphological]] and [[Physiology|physiological]] consequences: radical pos ...lular proteins and [[polysaccharide]]s, or the induction of ‘[[Competence (biology)|competence]]’ for uptake of exogenous [[DNA]] for consumption, with the oc ...

...n]], where the substance may have specific tasks after leaving the [[Cell (biology)|cell]]. Excretion is an essential process in all forms of life. For exampl ...| date = 2010 }}</ref> Plants also excrete some waste substances into the soil around them.<ref>http://www.tutorvista.com/content/science/science-ii/excre ...

...ging]] and advance human nutrition. Plants acquire nutrients through the [[soil]] and the atmosphere. Fungi absorb nutrients around them by breaking them d ...nd digest the compost into fertile soil. The minerals and nutrients in the soil is recycled back into the production of crops. ...

FsrAは''枯草菌''に存在する[[small RNA/ja|低分子RNA]]である。FsrAは[[Effector (biology)/ja|エフェクター]]であり、鉄の生物学的利用能が低い時に鉄含有タンパク質をダウンレギュレートする。 レシピエントとなる細菌が、同種の別の細菌から外来DNAを取り込み、染色体に組み換えるためには、[[Competence (biology)/ja|コンピテンス]]と呼ばれる特別な生理的状態にならなければならない。 ...

...ging]] and advance human nutrition. Plants acquire nutrients through the [[soil]] and the atmosphere. Fungi absorb nutrients around them by breaking them d ...nd digest the compost into fertile soil. The minerals and nutrients in the soil is recycled back into the production of crops. ...

...ny of the same functions that [[cholesterol]] serves in [[animal]] [[cell (biology)|cell]]s. Because many fungi and protozoa cannot survive without ergosterol ...e organisms in their typical ecological niches (plant and animal surfaces, soil). Thus, despite the added energy requirements of ergosterol synthesis (if c ...

...食]]に代わるものとして[[agriculture/ja|農業]]と[[cooking/ja|調理]]を発達させ、人類の栄養学を発展させた。植物は[[soil/ja|土壌]]や大気を通して養分を獲得する。菌類は[[mycelium/ja|菌糸]]を通して周囲の養分を分解して吸収する。 ほとんどの植物は、[[Plant nutrients in soil/ja|土壌]]や大気から吸収された無機物質を通して栄養素を得る。炭素、水素、酸素、窒素、および硫黄は、植物の有機物を構成し、酵素プロセスを可能にする必 ...

...ny of the same functions that [[cholesterol]] serves in [[animal]] [[cell (biology)|cell]]s. Because many fungi and protozoa cannot survive without ergosterol ...e organisms in their typical ecological niches (plant and animal surfaces, soil). Thus, despite the added energy requirements of ergosterol synthesis (if c ...

...he rigours of local climate (temperature, moisture, organic content in the soil, microorganisms), a plant that is a perennial in its native habitat, or in ...s://books.google.com/books?id=LOl4AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA175 Instant Notes in Plant Biology]''. Taylor & Francis; 15 June 2001. {{ISBN|978-1-135-32307-3}}. p. 175–.</r ...

...''', is a [[gram-positive]], [[catalase]]-positive [[bacterium]], found in soil and the [[gastrointestinal tract]] of [[ruminant]]s, humans and marine spon ...ommensal]] in humans. A 2009 study compared the density of spores found in soil (about 10⁶ spores per gram) to that found in human feces (about ...

...''', is a [[gram-positive]], [[catalase]]-positive [[bacterium]], found in soil and the [[gastrointestinal tract]] of [[ruminant]]s, humans and marine spon ...ommensal]] in humans. A 2009 study compared the density of spores found in soil (about 10⁶ spores per gram) to that found in human feces (about ...

...1=Solomon, E.P. |author2=Berg, L.R. |author3=Martin, D.W. |year=2004|title=Biology|publisher=Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning|isbn=978-0-534-49547-3|url=https://a ...005">{{cite book|author1=Andrew J. Lack|author2=David E. Evans|title=Plant Biology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=biFOZ3aK8i8C&pg=PA199|year=2005|publi ...

植物は[[soil/ja|土壌]]からミネラルを得る。植物は動物に摂取されることで、ミネラルを[[food chain/ja|食物連鎖]]の上に移動させる。大型の生物は土 {{Elements in biology/ja}} ...

...47-180-3|pages=141–}}</ref> They are most often below the surface of the [[soil]], but roots can also be [[aerial root|aerial]] or aerating, that is, growi ...te. Then, root hairs form that absorb water and mineral nutrients from the soil.<ref name=arizona>{{cite web |title=Backyard Gardener: Understanding Plant ...

...るので、代謝にとって極めて重要である。酵素は[[catalysis/ja|触媒]]として機能し、反応をより速く進行させる。また、例えば[[cell (biology)/ja|セルの]]環境の変化や他の細胞からの[[cell signaling/ja|シグナル]]に応答して、代謝反応の速度を[[Metabolic p {{further/ja|Biomolecule/ja|Cell (biology)/ja|Biochemistry/ja}} ...

...s moving minerals up the [[food chain]]. Larger organisms may also consume soil ([[geophagia]]) or use mineral resources, such as [[salt lick]]s, to obtain {{Elements in biology}} ...

...s moving minerals up the [[food chain]]. Larger organisms may also consume soil ([[geophagia]]) or use mineral resources, such as [[salt lick]]s, to obtain {{Elements in biology}} ...

...p;– abscission zone), the scar forming an oval depression, the '''[[Hilum (biology)|hilum]]'''. Anatropous ovules have a portion of the funiculus that is adna A scar also may remain on the seed coat, called the '''[[Hilum (biology)|hilum]]''', where the seed was attached to the ovary wall by the funicle. ...

...してのカリウムの使用|Potassium chloride (medical use)/ja|生物学におけるカリウムの利用|Potassium in biology/ja}} カリウムイオンは[[plant/ja|植物]]の栄養に不可欠な成分であり、ほとんどの[[soil/ja|土壌]]に含まれている。それらは[[potassium chloride/ja|塩化物]]（KCl）の形で[[agriculture/ja|農業 ...