カーブル・プラオ

Template:Infobox food/ カーブル・プラオ（Kabuli pulao）またはプラウ（pulaw）は、アフガニスタンおよびウズベキスタンで作られるピラフの一種である。アフガニスタンではカービリー・パラウ（Dari: قابلی پلو, prs）と呼ばれ、ウズベキスタンではオシュ・パロウと呼ばれるが、いずれの国も都市名を冠して呼ぶことはない。英語ではカブールにちなみ「カブリ」と呼ばれる傾向があり（下記参照）、サウジアラビアでは都市ブハラにちなみブハリ・ライスまたはルズ・ブハーリー（Arabic: رز بخاري）と呼ばれている。

基本的な材料は、カラメル状に炒めたニンジンとレーズンを混ぜた蒸しご飯に、マリネした肉を加えたものである。カブリ・プラオはアーモンドやピスタチオで飾られることが多い。サフランは米やソース、あるいは飾り付けに加えられることもある。カブリ・プラオの様々な種類は、アフガニスタンから西アジア・中央アジアやパキスタンの各地へ広まっている。

Origin

Although referred to in English as "Kabuli" (see § Etymology), the dish did not originate in Kabul. More likely, the dish originated at the border of Northern Afghanistan with Uzbekistan. Additionally, longstanding communities of northern Afghans and Central Asian émigrés in Saudi Arabia have collectively referred to themselves as "Bukhari's" (despite not all being from Bukhara), and have marketed this dish in the region as "Bukhari rice".

A variation of Qabili made by Uzbeks within Afghanistan is also referred to as "Uzbeki palaw". The Uzbeki version differs from traditional Afghan palaw preparation in that it doesn't steam the rice (sof method), but instead boils the rice until all liquid has been absorbed (dampokht method). Palaw dishes form a specific and longstanding tradition of rice preparation in the region, likely dating back as far as Bactrian times.

Etymology

"Kabuli" may be a misspelling of "Qabili", which comes from Persian قابل. The name "Qabili" appears to have been applied early on to a complex pilaf dish in Persian-language contexts, with the first written Qabili pilaf recipes appearing during the Safavid period in Ali Bavarchi's 1521 manuscript "The Manual" (Kār-nāma). This work currently constitutes the oldest cookbook in Persian.

"Pulao" arises from a common transcription of "pilaaf" across various languages. In Persian, پلو is often transcribed as "palao", "palaw", "palau", etc to reflect the Classical diphthong /aw/, which is preserved in Dari, and is otherwise often transcribed "polow" or "polo" to reflect Iranian dialects, which have largely lost the dipthong.

Serving

Qabeli palaw is considered a festive and important dish due to the emphasis on quality of the ingredients, as well as being a widely known dish of Afghan cuisine. The dish may be served as a main course, accompanied by traditional side dishes or prepared as part of a banquet.