Translations:Amino acid/107/ja

コード化された（タンパク質生成）アミノ酸

一般トピック

プロパティ別

脂肪族	Branched-chain amino acid/ja (Valine/ja Isoleucine/ja Leucine/ja) Methionine/ja Alanine/ja Proline/ja Glycine/ja
芳香族	Histidine/ja Tyrosine/ja Tryptophan/ja Phenylalanine/ja
ポーラー, 無帯電	Asparagine/ja Glutamine/ja Serine/ja Threonine/ja
正電荷 (pK_a)	Lysine/ja (≈10.8) Arginine/ja (≈12.5) Histidine/ja (≈6.1) Pyrrolysine/ja
負電荷 (pK_a)	Aspartic acid/ja (≈3.9) Glutamic acid/ja (≈4.1) Selenocysteine/ja (≈5.4) Cysteine/ja (≈8.3) Tyrosine/ja (≈10.1)

分子内
(strong)

共有	Electron deficiency/ja 3c–2e 4c–2e 8c–2e 超高度 3c–4e アゴスティックベントコーディネート（双極子）パイバックボンド Metal–ligand multiple bond/ja チャージシフト Hapticity/ja 共役 Hyperconjugation/ja Aromaticity/ja ホモバイクロ
金属	Metal aromaticity/ja
イオン

分子内
(weak)

ファンデルワールス力	ロンドン分散
水素	ローバリア共鳴アシストシンメトリック Dihydrogen bond/ja C–H···O interaction/ja
非共有その他	機械的ハロゲンカルコゲン金属親和性 (親油性) インターカレーションスタッキングカチオン-π アニオン-π 塩橋

Bond cleavage/ja

電子数規則

Protein primary structure/jaとposttranslational modification/ja

一般

単一の特定のAA

Serine/ja/Threonine/ja	Phosphorylation/ja Dephosphorylation/ja Glycosylation/ja O-GlcNAc ADP-ribosylation/ja
Tyrosine/ja	Phosphorylation/ja Dephosphorylation/ja ADP-ribosylation/ja 硫酸化ポルフィリン環の連結 Adenylylation/ja フラビン連結トパキノン（TPQ）の形成 Detyrosination/ja
Cysteine/ja	Palmitoylation/ja Prenylation/ja
Aspartate/ja	スクシンイミド形成 ADP-ribosylation/ja
Glutamate/ja	Carboxylation/ja ADP-ribosylation/ja Methylation/ja Polyglutamylation/ja Polyglycylation/ja
Asparagine/ja	Deamidation/ja Glycosylation/ja
Glutamine/ja	Transglutamination/ja
Lysine/ja	Methylation/ja Acetylation/ja Acylation/ja Adenylylation/ja Hydroxylation/ja Ubiquitination/ja スモイル化 ADP-ribosylation/ja Deamination/ja アルデヒドへの酸化的脱アミノ化 O-グリコシル化 Imine formation/ja Glycation/ja Carbamylation/ja Succinylation/ja Lactylation/ja Propionylation/ja Butyrylation/ja
Arginine/ja	Citrullination/ja Methylation/ja ADP-ribosylation/ja
Proline/ja	Hydroxylation/ja
Histidine/ja	Diphthamide/ja形成 Adenylylation/ja
Tryptophan/ja	C-マンノシル化

2つのAA間の架橋

Cysteine/ja–Cysteine/ja	Disulfide bond/ja ADP-ribosylation/ja
Methionine/ja–Hydroxylysine/ja	Sulfilimine bond/ja
Lysine/ja–Tyrosine/ja	リジンチロシルキノン（LTQ）の形成
Tryptophan/ja–Tryptophan/ja	トリプトファン・トリプトフィルキノン（TTQ）の形成

3つのAA間の架橋

Serine/ja–Tyrosine/ja–Glycine/ja	p-ヒドロキシベンジリデンイミダゾリノン（HBI）形成（発色団）
Histidine/ja–Tyrosine/ja–Glycine/ja	4-(p-ヒドロキシベンジリデン)-5-イミダゾリノン(HBI)の形成 (発色団)
Alanine/ja–Serine/ja–Glycine/ja	メチリデンイミダゾロン（MIO）の形成

4つのAA間の架橋

Allysine/ja–Allysine/ja–Allysine/ja–Lysine/ja	Desmosine/ja

代謝: タンパク質代謝, 合成, 異化酵素

必須アミノ酸は大文字

K→acetyl-CoA/ja

LYSINE→	Saccharopine dehydrogenase/ja Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase/ja
LEUCINE→	3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase/ja Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase/ja Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex/ja Enoyl-CoA hydratase/ja HMG-CoAリアーゼ HMG-CoA reductase/ja Isovaleryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase/ja α-ケトイソカプロン酸ジオキシゲナーゼ Leucine 2,3-aminomutase/ja Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase/ja Methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase/ja (Template:Leucine metabolism in humans/ja参照 – この図には、ロイシン2,3-アミノムターゼを介したβ-ロイシン合成経路は含まれていない)
TRYPTOPHAN→	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase/ja/Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase/ja Arylformamidase/ja Kynureninase/ja 3-hydroxyanthranilate oxidase/ja Aminocarboxymuconate-semialdehyde decarboxylase/ja Aminomuconate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase/ja
PHENYLALANINE→tyrosine/ja→	(下記参照)

G→pyruvate/ja
→citrate/ja

glycine/ja→serine/ja→	Serine hydroxymethyltransferase/ja Serine dehydratase/ja glycine/ja→creatine/ja: Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase/ja Creatine kinase/ja
alanine/ja→	Alanine transaminase/ja
cysteine/ja→	D-cysteine desulfhydrase/ja
threonine/ja→	L-threonine dehydrogenase/ja

G→glutamate/ja→
α-ケトグルタル酸

HISTIDINE→	Histidine ammonia-lyase/ja ウロカン酸ヒドラターゼ Formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase/ja
proline/ja→	Proline oxidase/ja Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase/ja 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase/ja/ALDH4A1 PYCR1/ja
arginine/ja→	Ornithine aminotransferase/ja Ornithine decarboxylase/ja Agmatinase/ja
→alpha-ketoglutarate/ja→TCA	Glutamate dehydrogenase/ja
その他	cysteine/ja+glutamate/ja→glutathione/ja: Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase/ja Glutathione synthetase/ja Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase/ja glutamate/ja→glutamine/ja: Glutamine synthetase/ja Glutaminase/ja

G→propionyl-CoA/ja→
succinyl-CoA/ja

VALINE→	Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase/ja Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex/ja Enoyl-CoA hydratase/ja 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase/ja 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase/ja メチルマロン酸セミアルデヒド脱水素酵素
ISOLEUCINE→	Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase/ja Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex/ja 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase/ja
METHIONINE→	ホモシステインの生成: Methionine adenosyltransferase/ja Adenosylhomocysteinase/ja メチオニンの再生: Methionine synthase/ja/ホモシステインメチルトランスフェラーゼベタイン-ホモシステインメチルトランスフェラーゼシステインへの変換: Cystathionine beta synthase/ja Cystathionine gamma-lyase/ja
THREONINE→	Threonine aldolase/ja
→succinyl-CoA/ja→TCA	Propionyl-CoA carboxylase/ja Methylmalonyl CoA epimerase/ja Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase/ja

G→fumarate/ja

PHENYLALANINE→tyrosine/ja→	Phenylalanine hydroxylase/ja Tyrosine aminotransferase/ja 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase/ja Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase/ja Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase/ja tyrosine/ja→melanin/ja: Tyrosinase/ja

G→オキサロ酢酸

asparagine/ja→aspartate/ja→	Asparaginase/ja/Asparagine synthetase/ja Aspartate transaminase/ja

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