Translations:Diabetes medication/5/en
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Mechanisms of action
Diabetes medications have four main mechanisms of action:
- Insulin sensitization: Increase sensitivity of insulin receptors on cells leads to decrease in insulin resistance, and higher effects of insulin on blood glucose levels.
- Stimulation of beta cells: This stimulation increases insulin secretion from beta cells of pancreas.
- Alpha-glucosidase inhibition: Inhibition of the alpha-glucosidase enzyme decreases the rate at which glucose is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
- SGLT2 inhibition: Inhibition of sodium-glucose linked transporter 2 (SGLT2) proteins decreases glucose reabsorption into renal tubules of nephrons, thus increasing amount of glucose excreted in urine.