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 h English (en)==Mechanism==
[[File:Reuse of urine demonstration - fertilised and not fertilised tomato plant experiment (3617543234).jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|Six tomato plants grown with and without nitrate fertilizer on nutrient-poor sand/clay soil. One of the plants in the nutrient-poor soil has died.]]
[[File:Inorganic Fertilizer Use By Region.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|Inorganic fertilizer use by region]]
Fertilizers enhance the growth of plants. This goal is met in two ways, the traditional one being additives that provide nutrients. The second mode by which some fertilizers act is to enhance the effectiveness of the soil by modifying its water retention and aeration. This article, like many on fertilizers, emphasizes the nutritional aspect.
Fertilizers typically provide, in varying [[Proportionality (mathematics)|proportions]]:
*[[Labeling of fertilizer|Three main macronutrients (NPK)]]:
** [[Nitrogen]] (N): leaf growth and stems 
** [[Phosphorus]] (P): development of roots, flowers, seeds and fruit;
** [[Potassium]] (K): strong stem growth, movement of water in plants, promotion of flowering and fruiting;
* three secondary macronutrients: [[calcium]] (Ca), [[magnesium]] (Mg), and [[sulfur]] (S);
* Micronutrients: [[copper]] (Cu), [[Iron fertilisation|iron]] (Fe), [[manganese]] (Mn), [[molybdenum]] (Mo), [[zinc]] (Zn), and [[boron]] (B). Of occasional significance are [[silicon]] (Si), [[cobalt]] (Co), and [[vanadium]] (V).
 h Japanese (ja)== メカニズム{{Anchor|Mechanism}} ==
[[File:Reuse of urine demonstration - fertilised and not fertilised tomato plant experiment (3617543234).jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|養分不足の砂/粘土質土壌で硝酸肥料を与えたトマト植物と与えていないトマト植物6株。養分不足の土壌の植物の1つは枯れている。]]
[[File:Inorganic Fertilizer Use By Region.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|地域別無機肥料使用量]]
肥料は植物の成長を促進する。この目標は2つの方法で達成され、伝統的な方法は養分を供給する添加物である。肥料が作用する2番目の方法は、保水性と通気性を変更することで土壌の効果を高めることである。この記事では、多くの肥料に関する記事と同様に、栄養面に重点を置いている。
肥料は通常、様々な[[:en:Proportionality (mathematics)|割合]]で以下を提供する。
*[[:en:Labeling of fertilizer|3つの主要多量栄養素(NPK)]]:
** [[Nitrogen/ja|窒素]](N):葉の成長と茎
** [[Phosphorus/ja|リン]](P):根、花、種子、果実の発達
** [[Potassium/ja|カリウム]](K):強い茎の成長、植物内の水の移動、開花と結実の促進
* 3つの二次多量栄養素:[[calcium/ja|カルシウム]](Ca)、[[magnesium/ja|マグネシウム]](Mg)、[[sulfur/ja|硫黄]](S)
* 微量栄養素:[[copper/ja|銅]](Cu)、[[Iron fertilisation/ja|鉄]](Fe)、[[manganese/ja|マンガン]](Mn)、[[molybdenum/ja|モリブデン]](Mo)、[[zinc/ja|亜鉛]](Zn)、[[boron/ja|ホウ素]](B)。時折重要なものとしては、[[silicon/ja|ケイ素]](Si)、[[cobalt/ja|コバルト]](Co)、[[vanadium/ja|バナジウム]](V)がある。