All translations
Enter a message name below to show all available translations.
Found 2 translations.
| Name | Current message text |
|---|---|
| h English (en) | == Steps == There are ten basic steps in the citric acid cycle, as outlined below. The cycle is continuously supplied with new carbon in the form of [[acetyl-CoA]], entering at step 0 in the table. {| class="wikitable" ! !Reaction type !Substrates !Enzyme !Products !Comment |- |{{nowrap|0 / 10}} |[[Aldol condensation]] |[[Oxaloacetic acid|Oxaloacetate]] + [[Acetyl CoA]] + H<sub>2</sub>O |[[Citrate synthase]] |[[Citric acid|Citrate]] + [[Coenzyme A|CoA-SH]] |irreversible, extends the 4C [[Oxaloacetic acid|oxaloacetate]] to a 6C molecule |- |1 | [[Dehydration reaction|Dehydration]] |[[Citrate]] | rowspan="2" |[[Aconitase]] |''[[Cis–trans isomerism|cis]]''-[[Aconitic acid|Aconitate]] + H<sub>2</sub>O |rowspan=2|reversible [[Isomerization|isomerisation]] |- |2 |[[Hydration reaction|Hydration]] |[[Aconitate|''cis''-Aconitate]] + H<sub>2</sub>O |[[Isocitric acid|Isocitrate]] |- |3 |[[Oxidation]] |[[Isocitrate]] + [[Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide|NAD]]<sup>+</sup> | rowspan="2" |[[Isocitrate dehydrogenase]] |[[Oxalosuccinic acid|Oxalosuccinate]] + [[Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide|NADH + H <sup>+</sup>]] |generates [[NADH]] (equivalent of 2.5 ATP) |- |4 |[[Decarboxylation]] |[[Oxalosuccinate]] |[[alpha-Ketoglutaric acid|α-Ketoglutarate]] + CO<sub>2</sub> |rate-limiting, irreversible stage, generates a 5C molecule |- |5 |Oxidative<br />[[decarboxylation]] |[[alpha-Ketoglutaric acid|α-Ketoglutarate]] + NAD<sup>+</sup> + CoA-SH |[[Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase|α-Ketoglutarate<br />dehydrogenase]], [[Thiamine pyrophosphate]], [[Lipoic acid]], Mg++,transsuccinytase |[[Succinyl-CoA]] + [[Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide|NADH + H <sup>+</sup>]] + CO<sub>2</sub> |irreversible stage, generates [[Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide|NADH]] (equivalent of 2.5 ATP), regenerates the 4C chain (CoA excluded) |- |6 |[[substrate-level phosphorylation|substrate-level<br />phosphorylation]] |[[Succinyl-CoA]] + [[Guanosine diphosphate|GDP]] + [[Inorganic phosphate|P<sub>i</sub>]] |[[Succinyl coenzyme A synthetase|Succinyl-CoA synthetase]] |[[Succinic acid|Succinate]] + CoA-SH + [[Guanosine triphosphate|GTP]] |or [[adenosine diphosphate|ADP]]→[[adenosine triphosphate|ATP]] instead of GDP→GTP, generates 1 ATP or equivalent.<br />[[Condensation reaction]] of [[Guanosine diphosphate|GDP]] + [[Inorganic phosphate|P<sub>i</sub>]] and [[hydrolysis]] of [[succinyl-CoA]] involve the H<sub>2</sub>O needed for balanced equation. |- |7 |[[Redox|Oxidation]] |[[Succinate]] + [[ubiquinone]] (Q) |[[Succinate dehydrogenase]] |[[Fumaric acid|Fumarate]] + [[ubiquinol]] (QH<sub>2</sub>) |uses [[Flavin adenine dinucleotide|FAD]] as a [[prosthetic group]] (FAD→FADH<sub>2</sub> in the first step of the reaction) in the enzyme.<br />These two electrons are later transferred to QH<sub>2</sub> during Complex II of the ETC, where they generate the equivalent of 1.5 ATP |- |8 |[[Hydration reaction|Hydration]] |[[Fumarate]] + H<sub>2</sub>O |[[Fumarase]] |''L''-[[Malic acid|Malate]] |Hydration of C-C double bond |- |9 |[[Redox|Oxidation]] |[[Malate|<small>L</small>-Malate]] + NAD<sup>+</sup> |[[Malate dehydrogenase]] |[[Oxaloacetate]] + NADH + H<sup>+</sup> |reversible (in fact, equilibrium favors malate), generates [[NADH]] (equivalent of 2.5 ATP) |- |10 / 0 |[[Aldol condensation]] |[[Oxaloacetic acid|Oxaloacetate]] + [[Acetyl CoA]] + H<sub>2</sub>O |[[Citrate synthase]] |[[Citric acid|Citrate]] + [[Coenzyme A|CoA-SH]] |This is the same as step 0 and restarts the cycle. The reaction is irreversible and extends the 4C oxaloacetate to a 6C molecule |} |
| h Japanese (ja) | == ステップ == {{Anchor|Steps}} クエン酸サイクルには、以下に概説する10の基本ステップがある。このサイクルには、表のステップ0から入る[[acetyl-CoA/ja|アセチル-CoA]]の形で新しい炭素が継続的に供給される。 {| class="wikitable" ! !反応タイプ !基板 !酵素 !生成物 !コメント |- |{{nowrap|0 / 10}} |[[Aldol condensation/ja]] |[[Oxaloacetic acid/ja|オキサロ酢酸]] + [[Acetyl CoA/ja|アセチルCoA]] + H<sub>2</sub>O |[[Citrate synthase/ja]] |[[Citric acid/ja|クエン酸塩]] + [[Coenzyme A/ja|CoA-SH]] |不可逆的に、4Cの[[Oxaloacetic acid/ja|オキサロ酢酸]]を6Cの分子に拡張する |- |1 | [[Dehydration reaction/ja|脱水症状]] |[[Citrate/ja]] | rowspan="2" |[[Aconitase/ja]] |''[[Cis–trans isomerism/ja|cis]]''-[[Aconitic acid|アコニット]] + H<sub>2</sub>O |rowspan=2|可逆 [[Isomerization/ja|異性化]] |- |2 |[[Hydration reaction/ja|水分補給]] |[[Aconitate/ja|''cis''-アコニット]] + H<sub>2</sub>O |[[Isocitric acid/ja|イソクエン酸塩]] |- |3 |[[Oxidation/ja]] |[[Isocitrate/ja]] + [[Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/ja|NAD]]<sup>+</sup> | rowspan="2" |[[Isocitrate dehydrogenase/ja]] |[[Oxalosuccinic acid/ja|オキサロコハク酸塩]] + [[Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/ja|NADH + H <sup>+</sup>]] |[[NADH/ja|NADH]]生成 (2.5ATPに相当する) |- |4 |[[Decarboxylation/ja]] |[[Oxalosuccinate/ja]] |[[alpha-Ketoglutaric acid/ja|α-ケトグルタル酸]] + CO<sub>2</sub> |律速段階となる不可逆的な段階では、5C分子が生成される。 |- |5 |酸化的<br />[[decarboxylation/ja|脱炭酸]] |[[alpha-Ketoglutaric acid/ja|α-ケトグルタル酸]] + NAD<sup>+</sup> + CoA-SH |[[Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase/ja|α-ケトグルタル酸<br />デヒドロゲナーゼ]], [[Thiamine pyrophosphate/ja]], [[Lipoic acid/ja]], Mg++,トランスサクシニターゼ |[[Succinyl-CoA/ja]] + [[Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/ja|NADH + H <sup>+</sup>]] + CO<sub>2</sub> |不可逆的な段階で[[Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/ja|NADH]]を生成 （ATP2.5分）、4C鎖を再生する（CoAは除く）。 |- |6 |[[substrate-level phosphorylation/ja|基質レベルの<br />リン酸化]] |[[Succinyl-CoA/ja]] + [[Guanosine diphosphate/ja|GDP]] + [[Inorganic phosphate/ja|P<sub>i</sub>]] |[[Succinyl coenzyme A synthetase/ja|スクシニル-CoA合成酵素]] |[[Succinic acid/ja|コハク酸塩]] + CoA-SH + [[Guanosine triphosphate/ja|GTP]] |あるいは、 GDP→GTPの代わりに[[adenosine diphosphate/ja|ADP]]→[[adenosine triphosphate/ja|ATP]]で1ATP生成される。<br /> [[Guanosine diphosphate/ja|GDP]]+[[Inorganic phosphate/ja|P<sub>i</sub>]]の[[Condensation reaction/ja|縮合反応]]と[[succinyl-CoA/ja|スクシニル-CoA]]の[[hydrolysis/ja|加水分解]]は平衡方程式に必要なH<sub>2</sub>Oを含む。 |- |7 |[[Redox/ja|酸化]] |[[Succinate/ja]] + [[ubiquinone/ja]] (Q) |[[Succinate dehydrogenase/ja]] |[[Fumaric acid/ja|フマル酸塩]] + [[ubiquinol/ja]] (QH<sub>2</sub>) |酵素の[[prosthetic group/ja|補欠基]]として[[Flavin adenine dinucleotide/ja|FAD]]を使用（反応の第一段階におけるFAD→FADH<sub>2</sub>）<br />この2つの電子は後にETCの複合体IIでQH<sub>2</sub>に移動し、そこで1.5ATPに相当する電子が生成される。 |- |8 |[[Hydration reaction/ja|水分補給]] |[[Fumarate/ja]] + H<sub>2</sub>O |[[Fumarase/ja]] |''L''-[[Malic acid/ja|リンゴ酸塩]] |C-C二重結合の水和 |- |9 |[[Redox/ja|酸化]] |[[Malate/ja|<small>L</small>-リンゴ酸塩]] + NAD<sup>+</sup> |[[Malate dehydrogenase/ja]] |[[Oxaloacetate/ja]] + NADH + H<sup>+</sup> |可逆的（実際には平衡はリンゴ酸に有利）、[[NADH/ja|NADH]]を生成する（2.5ATPに相当） |- |10 / 0 |[[Aldol condensation/ja]] |[[Oxaloacetic acid/ja|オキサロ酢酸]] + [[Acetyl CoA]] + H<sub>2</sub>O |[[Citrate synthase/ja]] |[[Citric acid/ja|クエン酸塩]] + [[Coenzyme A/ja|CoA-SH]] |これはステップ0と同じで、サイクルを再開する。この反応は不可逆的で、4Cのオキサロ酢酸を6Cの分子に拡張する。 |} |