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 h English (en)==== Mad cow disease ====
{{Main|Bovine spongiform encephalopathy}}
In 1984, the use of [[meat and bone meal]] in cattle feed resulted in the world's first outbreak of [[bovine spongiform encephalopathy]] (BSE or, colloquially, mad cow disease) in the United Kingdom.
[[File:Garske_2010_vCJD_UK_trends.png|thumb|Deaths in the UK caused by vCJD from the start of the BSE outbreak up until 2009. MM and MV refer to the two genotypes of vCJD.]]
Since then, other countries have had outbreaks of BSE:
* In May 2003, after a cow with BSE was discovered in [[Alberta]], Canada, the American border was closed to live Canadian cattle, but was reopened in early 2005.
* In June 2005, Dr. John Clifford, chief veterinary officer for the [[United States Department of Agriculture]] animal health inspection service, confirmed a fully domestic case of BSE in [[Texas]]. Clifford would not identify the ranch, calling that "privileged information." The 12-year-old animal was alive at the time when [[Oprah Winfrey]] raised concerns about cannibalistic feeding practices on her show which aired 16 April 1996.