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| Name | Current message text |
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| h English (en) | ==Molecular functions== {| class="wikitable" ! scope="col" | Vitamin ! scope="col" | Name ! scope="col" | Structure ! scope="col" | Molecular function |- ! scope="row" | Vitamin B<sub>1</sub> | [[Thiamine]] | style="background-color: white;" | [[File:Thiamin.svg|frameless|center|upright=0.5]] | Thiamine plays a central role in the release of energy from carbohydrates. It is involved in [[RNA]] and [[DNA]] production, as well as nerve function. Its active form is a coenzyme called [[thiamine pyrophosphate]] (TPP), which takes part in the conversion of pyruvate to [[acetyl coenzyme A]] in metabolism. |- ! scope="row" | Vitamin B<sub>2</sub> | [[Riboflavin]] | style="background-color: white;" | [[File:Riboflavin.svg|frameless|center|upright=0.5]] | Riboflavin is involved in release of energy in the [[electron transport chain]], the [[citric acid cycle]], as well as the catabolism of fatty acids ([[beta oxidation]]). |- !Vitamin B<sub>3</sub> | [[Niacin (nutrient)|Niacin]] | style="background-color: white;" | [[File:Niacin structure.svg|frameless|center|upright=0.3]] | Niacin is composed of two structures: nicotinic acid and [[nicotinamide]]. There are two co-enzyme forms of niacin: [[nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide]] (NAD) and [[nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate]] (NADP). Both play an important role in energy transfer reactions in the metabolism of glucose, fat and alcohol. NAD carries hydrogens and their electrons during metabolic reactions, including the pathway from the citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain. NADP is a coenzyme in lipid and nucleic acid synthesis. |- ! scope="row" | Vitamin B<sub>5</sub> | [[Pantothenic acid]] | style="background-color: white;" | [[File:(R)-Pantothenic acid Formula V.1.svg|frameless|center|upright=0.5]] | Pantothenic acid is involved in the oxidation of fatty acids and carbohydrates. Coenzyme A, which can be synthesised from pantothenic acid, is involved in the synthesis of amino acids, fatty acids, [[ketone bodies]], [[cholesterol]], phospholipids, steroid hormones, neurotransmitters (such as [[acetylcholine]]), and [[antibodies]]. |- ! scope="row" | Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> | [[Pyridoxine]], [[pyridoxal]], [[pyridoxamine]] | style="background-color: white;" | [[File:Pyridoxal-phosphate.svg|frameless|center|upright=0.5]] | The active form [[pyridoxal 5'-phosphate]] (PLP) (depicted) serves as a cofactor in many enzyme reactions mainly in amino acid metabolism including biosynthesis of [[neurotransmitters]]. |- ! scope="row" | Vitamin B<sub>7</sub> | [[Biotin]] | style="background-color: white;" | [[File:Biotin structure JA.png|frameless|center|upright=0.5]] | Biotin plays a key role in the metabolism of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates. It is a critical co-enzyme of four carboxylases: acetyl CoA carboxylase, which is involved in the synthesis of fatty acids from acetate; pyruvate CoA carboxylase, involved in gluconeogenesis; β-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase, involved in the metabolism of [[leucine]]; and propionyl CoA carboxylase, which is involved in the metabolism of energy, amino acids and cholesterol. |- ! scope="row" | Vitamin B<sub>9</sub> | [[Folate]] | style="background-color: white;" | [[File:Folic acid.svg|frameless|center|upright=0.5]] | Folate acts as a co-enzyme in the form of [[tetrahydrofolate]] (THF), which is involved in the transfer of single-carbon units in the metabolism of nucleic acids and amino acids. THF is involved in purine and pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis, so is needed for normal cell division, especially during pregnancy and infancy, which are times of rapid growth. Folate also aids in [[erythropoiesis]], the production of [[red blood cells]]. |- ! scope="row" | Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> | [[Cobalamin]] | style="background-color: white;" | [[File:Cobalamin skeletal.svg|frameless|center|upright=0.5]] | Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> is involved in the cellular metabolism of [[carbohydrates]], [[proteins]] and lipids. It is essential in the production of blood cells in bone marrow, and for nerve sheaths and proteins. Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> functions as a co-enzyme in intermediary metabolism for the methionine synthase reaction with [[methylcobalamin]], and the methylmalonyl CoA mutase reaction with [[adenosylcobalamin]]. |} |
| h Japanese (ja) | ==Molecular functions== {| class="wikitable" ! scope="col" | ビタミン ! scope="col" | 名称 ! scope="col" | 構造 ! scope="col" | 分子機能 |- ! scope="row" | ビタミンB<sub>1</sub> | [[Thiamine/ja]] | style="background-color: white;" | [[File:Thiamin.svg|frameless|center|upright=0.5]] | チアミンは炭水化物からのエネルギー放出において中心的な役割を果たす。また、[[RNA/ja|RNA]]や[[DNA/ja|DNA]]の産生、神経機能にも関与している。その活性型は[[thiamine pyrophosphate/ja|チアミンピロリン酸]]（TPP）と呼ばれる補酵素であり、代謝においてピルビン酸から[[acetyl coenzyme A/ja|アセチルコエンザイムA]]への変換に関与する。 |- ! scope="row" | ビタミンB<sub>2</sub> | [[Riboflavin/ja]] | style="background-color: white;" | [[File:Riboflavin.svg|frameless|center|upright=0.5]] | リボフラビンは、[[electron transport chain/ja|電子伝達鎖]]、[[citric acid cycle/ja|クエン酸サイクル]]におけるエネルギーの放出、および脂肪酸の異化（[[beta oxidation/ja|β酸化]]）に関与している。 |- !ビタミン<sub>3</sub> | [[Niacin (nutrient)/ja|ナイアシン]] | style="background-color: white;" | [[File:Niacin structure.svg|frameless|center|upright=0.3]] | ナイアシンはニコチン酸と[[nicotinamide/ja|ニコチンアミド]]の2つの構造からなる。ナイアシンには、[[nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/ja|ニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチド]]（NAD）と[[nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate/ja|ニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチドリン酸]]（NADP）の2つの補酵素形態がある。どちらもグルコース、脂肪、アルコールの代謝におけるエネルギー伝達反応において重要な役割を果たしている。NADは、クエン酸サイクルから電子伝達鎖への経路を含む代謝反応において、水素とその電子を運搬する。NADPは脂質と核酸合成における補酵素である。 |- ! scope="row" | ビタミンB<sub>5</sub> | [[Pantothenic acid/ja]] | style="background-color: white;" | [[File:(R)-Pantothenic acid Formula V.1.svg|frameless|center|upright=0.5]] | Pantothenic acid is involved in the oxidation of fatty acids and carbohydrates. Coenzyme A, which can be synthesised from pantothenic acid, is involved in the synthesis of amino acids, fatty acids, [[ketone bodies]], [[cholesterol]], phospholipids, steroid hormones, neurotransmitters (such as [[acetylcholine]]), and [[antibodies]]. |- ! scope="row" | ビタミンB<sub>6</sub> | [[Pyridoxine/ja]], [[pyridoxal/ja]], [[pyridoxamine/ja]] | style="background-color: white;" | [[File:Pyridoxal-phosphate.svg|frameless|center|upright=0.5]] | 活性型[[pyridoxal 5'-phosphate/ja|ピリドキサール5'-リン酸]]（PLP）（図）は、[[neurotransmitters/ja|神経伝達物質]]の生合成を含む、主にアミノ酸代謝における多くの酵素反応において補酵素として働く。 |- ! scope="row" | ビタミンB<sub>7</sub> | [[Biotin/ja]] | style="background-color: white;" | [[File:Biotin structure JA.png|frameless|center|upright=0.5]] | ビオチンは脂質、タンパク質、糖質の代謝において重要な役割を果たしている。酢酸から脂肪酸の合成に関与するアセチルCoAカルボキシラーゼ、糖新生に関与するピルビン酸CoAカルボキシラーゼ、[[leucine/ja|ロイシン]]の代謝に関与するβ-メチルクロトニルCoAカルボキシラーゼ、エネルギー、アミノ酸、コレステロールの代謝に関与するプロピオニルCoAカルボキシラーゼである。 |- ! scope="row" | ビタミンB<sub>9</sub> | [[Folate/ja]] | style="background-color: white;" | [[File:Folic acid.svg|frameless|center|upright=0.5]] | 葉酸は、[[tetrahydrofolate/ja|テトラヒドロ葉酸]]（THF）の形で補酵素として働き、核酸とアミノ酸の代謝における単炭素単位の移動に関与する。THFはプリンとピリミジンのヌクレオチド合成に関与するため、正常な細胞分裂に必要であり、特に妊娠中や乳児期は成長が著しい時期である。葉酸はまた、[[red blood cells/ja|赤血球]]の生産である[[erythropoiesis/ja|赤血球形成]]を助ける。 |- ! scope="row" | ビタミンB<sub>12</sub> | [[Cobalamin/ja]] | style="background-color: white;" | [[File:Cobalamin skeletal.svg|frameless|center|upright=0.5]] | ビタミンB<sub>12</sub>は、[[carbohydrates/ja|炭水化物]]、[[proteins/ja|タンパク質]]、脂質の細胞代謝に関与する。骨髄における血液細胞の生成、神経鞘やタンパク質の生成に不可欠である。ビタミンB<sub>12</sub>は中間代謝において、[[ethylcobalamin/ja|メチルコバラミン]]とのメチオニン合成酵素反応、および[[adenosylcobalamin/ja|アデノシルコバラミン]]とのメチルマロニルCoAムターゼ反応の補酵素として機能する。 |} |